Cited by 466Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesSchool Health and Nursing EducationYouth, Drugs, and Violence

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Effective ingredients of school-based drug prevention programs

Cuijpers, Pim·2002·Addictive Behaviors

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Abstract

Drug prevention in schools is a top priority in most Western countries and several well-designed studies have shown that prevention programs have the potential of reducing drug use in adolescents. However, most prevention programs are not effective and there are no general criteria available for deciding which program is effective and which is not. In this systematic review of the literature, the current scientific knowledge about which characteristics determine the effectiveness of drug prevention programs is examined. Three types of studies are reviewed: meta-analyses (3 studies were included), studies examining mediating variables of interventions (6 studies), and studies directly comparing prevention programs with or without specific characteristics (4 studies on boosters, 12 on peer-versus adult-led programs, and 5 on adding community interventions to school programs). Seven evidence-based quality criteria were formulated: the effects of a program should have been proven; interactive delivery methods are superior; the "social influence model" is the best we have; focus on norms, commitment not to use, and intentions not to use; adding community interventions increases effects; the use of peer leaders is better; and adding life skills to programs may strengthen effects.

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Authors: Cuijpers, P.
Affiliations: Trimbos Institute (NL)
Corresponding author: Cuijpers, Pim
ORCID: Cuijpers, Pim
Venue: Addictive Behaviors
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2002-11
Volume: 27
Issue: 6
Pages: 1009-1023
ISSN: 0306-4603 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4603(02)00295-2
OpenAlex: W2138074791
Cited by: 466
References: 40
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 34
FWCI: 6.07
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Addictive Behaviors (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › School Health and Nursing Education
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Youth, Drugs, and Violence
Keywords: school-based drug prevention, adolescent drug use, prevention program effectiveness, program characteristics, booster sessions, peer-led intervention, community-based intervention, social influence model, life skills, mediators
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Humans, Peer Group, Preventive Health Services, Quality of Health Care, School Health Services, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Treatment Outcome, Evidence-Based Medicine, Substance-Related Disorders

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Effective ingredients of school-based drug prevention programs

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