Search for exotic strange quark matter in high energy nuclear reactions
Open accessAbstract
We report on a search for metastable positively and negatively charged states of strange quark matter in Au+Pb reactions at 11.6 A GeV/c in experiment E864. We have sampled approximately six billion 10% most central Au+Pb interactions and have observed no strangelet states (baryon number A < 100 droplets of strange quark matter). We thus set upper limits on the production of these exotic states at the level of 1–6 × 10−8per central collision. These limits are the best and most model independent for this colliding system. We discuss the implications of our results on strangelet production mechanisms, and also on the stability question of strange quark matter.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
As a minimal requirement for an inhomogeneous scenario of nucleosynthesis, the mean bubble nucleation distance has to be larger than the proton diffusion length, which corresponds to ∼3 m at the QCD transition.
“As a minimal requirement for an inhomogeneous scenario of nucleosynthesis, the mean bubble nucleation distance has to be larger than the proton diffusion length, which corresponds to ∼ 3 m [103] at the QCD transition.”
From Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe (2006) · cites this paper as [103]
Cites
Witten, E. (1984) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.30.272 · Cited by 3,452 · see citing works
Farhi, E., & Jaffe, R. L. (1984) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.30.2379 · Cited by 1,441 · see citing works
Greiner, C., Koch, P., & Horst Stöcker, B. (1987) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.58.1825 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Schaffner–Bielich, J., Dover, C. B., Gal, A., Greiner, C., & Horst Stöcker, B. (1993) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.71.1328 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Self-citationExotic Phases of Hadronic Matter and their Astrophysical Application
Alcock, C., & Olinto, A. (1988) · Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science · doi:10.1146/annurev.ns.38.120188.001113 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Search for low- Z nuclei containing massive stable particles
Hemmick, T. K., Elmore, D., Gentile, T., Kubik, P. W., Olsen, S. L., Ciampa, D., Nitz, D. F., Kagan, H., Haas, P. J., Smith, P. F., et al. (1990) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.41.2074 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Stability of very small strangelets
Gilson, E. P., & Jaffe, R. L. (1993) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.71.332 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Explosive quark matter and the "Centauro" event
Bjorken, J. D., & McLerran, L. (1979) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.20.2353 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Distillation and survival of strange-quark-matter droplets in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
Greiner, C., & Horst Stöcker, B. (1991) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.44.3517 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Coalescence of deuterons in relativistic heavy ion collisions
Nagle, J. L., Kumar, B. S., Kusnezov, D., Sorge, H., & Raffaele Mattiello, A. (1996) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.53.367 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Self-citationCurvature contribution to the mass of strangelets
Madsen, J. (1993) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.70.391 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Strange cluster formation in relativistic heavy ion collisions
Baltz, A. J., Dover, C. B., Kahana, S. H., Pang, Y., Schlagel, T. J., & Schnedermann, E. (1994) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/0370-2693(94)90063-9 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationAoki, M., Beatty, J. J., Beavis, D., Carroll, J. B., Chiba, J., Crawford, H. J., Debbe, R. R., Doke, T., Engelage, J., Greiner, L., et al. (1992) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.69.2345 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Strangelet Search in Pb-Pb Interactions at 158 GeV / cper Nucleon
Appelquist, G., Baglin, C., Beringer, J., Böhm, C., Borer, K., Bussière, A., Dittus, F., Elsener, K., Frei, D., Gorodetzky, P., et al. (1996) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.76.3907 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Search for the Weak Decay of an H Dibaryon
Belz, A. P., Cousins, R. D., Diwan, M. V., Eckhause, M., Ecklund, K. M., Hancock, A. D., Highland, V. L., Hoff, C. H., Hoffmann, G. W., Irwin, G. M., et al. (1996) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.76.3277 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Search for strange quark matter in high-energy heavy-ion collisions
Barrette, J., Bellwied, R., Braun‐Munzinger, P., Cleland, W., Dávid, G., Duek, E., Fatyga, M., Fox, D., Greene, S. V., Hall, J. R., et al. (1990) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/0370-2693(90)90481-k · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationProduction and detection of drops of strange matter
Crawford, H. J., Desai, M. S., & Shaw, G. L. (1992) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.45.857 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Strangelet search in S-W collisions at 200AGeV/c
Borer, K., Dittus, F., Frei, D., Hugentobler, E., Klingenberg, R., Moser, U., Pretzl, K., Schacher, J., Stoffel, F., Volken, W., et al. (1994) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.72.1415 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Search for New Metastable Particles Produced in Au + Au Collisions at 10.8AGeV/c
Beavis, D., Bennett, M. J., Carroll, J., Chiba, J., Chikanian, A., Crawford, H. J., Cronqvist, M., Dardenne, Y., Debbe, R. R., Doke, T., et al. (1995) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.75.3078 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationStrangelet search and antinuclei production studies in Pb + Pb collisions
Ambrosini, G., Appelquist, G., Arsenescu, R., Baglin, C., Beringer, J., Böhm, C., Borer, K., Bussière, A., Dittus, F., Elsener, K., et al. (1996) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/s0375-9474(96)00365-x · Cited by 32 · see citing works
A 10 MHz beam counter and a multiplicity detector for the E864 spectrometer
Haridas, P., Pless, I. A., Buren, G. V., Tomasi, J., Rabin, M. S. Z., Barish, K., & Majka, R. D. (1997) · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment · doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(96)01162-x · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationLongacre, R. S., Ahmad, S., Bonner, B. E., Buchanan, J. A., Chan, C. S., Chiou, C. N., Clement, J. M., Eiseman, S. E., Efstathiadis, E., Etkin, A., et al. (1995) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/0375-9474(95)00258-3 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationPhysics and Astrophysics of Quark-Gluon Plasma
Sinha, B., Viyogi, Y. P., & Raha, S. (1994) · doi:10.1142/9789814534727 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Physics and Astrophysics of Quark-Gluon Plasma
Sinha, B., Viyogi, Y. P., & Raha, S. (1994) · Cited by 13 · see citing works
A 10 MHz Beam Counter and a Multiplicity Detector for the E864 SpectrometerPreprint
Haridas, P., Pless, I. A., Buren, G. V., Tomasi, J., Rabin, M. S. Z., Barish, K. N., & Majka, R. D. (1997) · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationSearch forHdibaryon-nucleus bound states in relativistic Au+Pt collisions
Rusek, A., Bassalleck, B., Berdoz, A. R., Burger, T., Bürger, M., Chrien, R. E., Diebold, G. E., En’yo, H., Fischer, H., Franklin, G., et al. (1995) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.52.1580 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationEmission of droplets of strange quark matter in RHIC
Greiner, C., Rischke, D. H., Horst Stöcker, B., & Koch, P. M. (1988) · The European Physical Journal C · doi:10.1007/bf01574551 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Strangelet search and particle production studies in Pb+Pb collisions at 158 AGeV/c at CERN SPS
Stoffel, F., Ambrosini, G., Appelquist, G., Arsenescu, R., Baglin, C., Beringer, J., Böhm, C., Borer, K., Bussière, A., Dittus, F., et al. (1996) · Acta Physica Hungarica A) Heavy Ion Physics · doi:10.1007/bf03155639 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Search for strange matter in heavy ion collisions at Brookhaven's AGS
Rotondo, F. S. (1991) · Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements · doi:10.1016/0920-5632(91)90335-c · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe
Boyanovsky, D., de Vega, H. J., & Schwarz, D. J. (2006) · Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science · doi:10.1146/annurev.nucl.56.080805.140539 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Chemical nonequilibrium and deconfinement in 200AGeV sulphur induced reactions
Jean Letessier, B., & Johann Rafelski, A. (1999) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.59.947 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Production of HΛ3 and HΛ4 in central 11.5GeV∕cAu+Pt heavy ion collisions
Armstrong, T. A., Barish, K. N., Batsouli, S., Bennett, S. J., Bertaina, M. E., Chikanian, A., Coe, S. D., Cormier, T. M., Davies, R., Dover, C. B., et al. (2004) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.70.024902 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationKlingenberg, R. (1999) · Journal of Physics G Nuclear and Particle Physics · doi:10.1088/0954-3899/25/11/201 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Strange hadronic matter in a modified quark-meson coupling model
Wang, P., Ru-keng Su, C., Song, H. Q., & Zhang, L. L. (1999) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/s0375-9474(99)00173-6 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The first second of the Universe
Schwarz, D. J. (2003) · Annalen der Physik · doi:10.1002/andp.20035150402 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Search for strange quark matter produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions
Armstrong, T. A., Barish, K. N., Batsouli, S., Bennett, S. J., Bertaina, M. E., Chikanian, A., Coe, S. D., Cormier, T. M., Davies, R., DeCataldo, G., et al. (2001) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.63.054903 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationStrange hadronic matter with a weak Y−Y interaction
Song, H., Su, R. K., Lu, D. H., & Qian, W. (2003) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.68.055201 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Warm strange hadronic matter in an effective model with a weak Y–Y interaction
Qian, W., Su, R. K., & Song, H. (2004) · Journal of Physics G Nuclear and Particle Physics · doi:10.1088/0954-3899/30/12/009 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Negatively charged strangelet search using the E864 spectrometer at the AGS
Buren, G. V. (1999) · Journal of Physics G Nuclear and Particle Physics · doi:10.1088/0954-3899/25/2/030 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Search for neutral strange quark matter in high energy heavy ion collisions
Armstrong, T. A., Barish, K. N., Bennett, S. J., Chikanian, A., Coe, S. D., Cormier, T. M., de Cataldo, G., Davies, R., Dee, P. R., Diebold, G. E., et al. (1999) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.59.r1829 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationSearch for positively charged strangelets and other related results with E864 at the AGS
Xu, N. (1999) · Journal of Physics G Nuclear and Particle Physics · doi:10.1088/0954-3899/25/2/029 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
A high mass trigger for the E864 experiment at the AGS accelerator
Hill, J. C., Huang, H. Z., Barish, K. N., Coe, S. D., Cormier, T. M., Ewell, L. A., Davies, R., Fachini, P., Finch, E., Hirsch, A. S., et al. (1999) · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment · doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(98)01223-6 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationA spectrometer for study of high mass objects created in relativistic heavy ion reactions
Armstrong, T. A., Barish, K. N., Batsouli, S., Bennett, M. J., Bennett, S. J., Chikanian, A., Coe, S. D., Cormier, T. M., Davies, R., de Cataldo, G., et al. (1999) · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment · doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(99)00679-8 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationSearch for strange quark matter
Hill, J. C. (2000) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/s0375-9474(00)00254-2 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationLarge straw-tube tracking chambers for AGS experiment E864
Armstrong, T. A., Lewis, R., Passaneau, J., Smith, G. A., Reid, J. D., STELL, J. H., & Toothacker, W. S. (1999) · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment · doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(98)01345-x · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationSearch for neutral strangelets at the relativistic heavy ion experiment E864
Munhoz, M. G. (1999) · Journal of Physics G Nuclear and Particle Physics · doi:10.1088/0954-3899/25/2/031 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citation1 E864: Experimental Results on Exotic Nuclei and Rare ProbesPreprint
Nagle, J. L., & E Collaboration (1999) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationE864: Experimental results on exotic nuclei and rare probes
Nagle, J. L. (1999) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/s0375-9474(99)85021-0 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationAGS EXPERIMENTS- 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999 (FIFTEENTH EDITION)
Brookhaven National Lab., U., & PRESTI, P. L. (1999) · doi:10.2172/10538 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Influence of Different Y–Y Interactions on the Stability of Strange Hadronic Matter
Song, H.-Q., Rukeng, S., & Qian, W. (2004) · Chinese Physics Letters · doi:10.1088/0256-307x/21/8/019
- Authors
- Armstrong, T. A., Barish, K. N., Bennett, S. J., Chikanian, A., Coe, S. D., Cormier, T. M., Davies, R., De Cataldo, G., Dee, P., Diebold, G. E., Dover, C. B., Fachini, P., Finch, L. E., George, N. K., Giglietto, N., Greene, S. V., Haridas, P., Hill, J. C., Hirsch, A. S., Hoversten, R., Huang, H. Z., Kim, B., Kumar, B. S., Lainis, T., Lajoie, J. G., Lewis, R. A., Libby, B., Majka, R. D., Munhoz, M. G., Nagle, J. L., Pless, I. A., Pope, J. K., Porile, N. T., Pruneau, C. A., Rabin, M. S. Z., Raino, A., Reid, J. D., Rimai, A., Rotondo, F. S., Sandweiss, J., Scharenberg, R. P., Slaughter, A. J., Smith, G. A., Spinelli, P., Tincknell, M. L., Toothacker, W. S., Van Buren, G., Wohn, F. K., Xu, Z., & Zhao, K.
- Affiliations
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Wayne State University (US)
- Yale University (US)
- Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (US)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari (IT)
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Iowa State University (US)
- United States Military Academy (US)
- University of Massachusetts Amherst (US)
- University of Bari Aldo Moro (IT)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nuclear Physics A
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-10
- Volume
- 625
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 494-512
- ISSN
- 0375-9474 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1964397576
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 29
- FWCI
- 3.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nuclear Physics A (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst) (submittedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Bari Aldo Moro) (submittedVersion)
- Scholarworks (University of Massachusetts Amherst) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Nuclear physics research studies
- Keywords
- strange quark matter, strangelets, upper limits, metastable states, baryon number violation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
