Cosmic separation of phases
Abstract
A first-order QCD phase transition that occurred reversibly in the early universe would lead to a surprisingly rich cosmological scenario. Although observable consequences would not necessarily survive, it is at least conceivable that the phase transition would concentrate most of the quark excess in dense, invisible quark nuggets, providing an explanation for the dark matter in terms of QCD effects only. This possibility is viable only if quark matter has energy per baryon less than 938 MeV. Two related issues are considered in appendices: the possibility that neutron stars generate a quark-matter component of cosmic rays, and the possibility that the QCD phase transition may have produced a detectable gravitational signal.
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In inhomogeneous nucleosynthesis, large isothermal fluctuations of the baryon number (the remnants of the quark droplets at the end of the QCD transition) could lead to different yields of light elements.
“In inhomogeneous nucleosynthesis [102], large isothermal fluctuations of the baryon number (the remnants of the quark droplets at the end of the QCD transition) could lead to different yields of light elements.”
From Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe (2006) · cites this paper as [102]
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- Authors
- Witten, E.
- Affiliations
- Institute for Advanced Study (US)
- Corresponding author
- Witten, Edward
- ORCID
- Witten, Edward
- Venue
- Physical Review D
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 1984-07-15
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 272-285
- ISSN
- 0556-2821 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2096475520
- Cited by
- 3,452
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 133 · 2025: 210 · 2024: 212 · 2023: 160 · 2022: 192 · 2021: 211 · 2020: 172 · 2019: 162 · 2018: 165 · 2017: 103 · 2016: 99 · 2015: 77 · 2014: 83 · 2013: 62 · 2012: 79
- FWCI
- 20.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
- Keywords
- QCD phase transition, first-order phase transition, early universe, quark nuggets, dark matter, quark matter, energy per baryon, neutron stars, cosmic rays, gravitational waves, phase separation
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