Cited by 395Wildlife Ecology and ConservationEcology and biodiversity studiesRangeland and Wildlife Management

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Wolf reintroduction, predation risk, and cottonwood recovery in Yellowstone National Park

Ripple, William J., Beschta, Robert L.·2003·Forest Ecology and Management

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Abstract

We studied young riparian cottonwoods (Populus spp.) and associated woody plants along Soda Butte Creek and the Lamar River in northeastern Yellowstone National Park (YNP) to examine the potential influence of wolf/elk interactions upon plant growth. After a peri od of approximately 70 years without wolves in YNP, they were reintroduced in the winter of 1995–1996. When we compared woody plant heights shown in photographs taken prior to 1998 with those shown in 2001–2002 photos, we found an increase in the height of riparian woody plants for six of the eight sites within the study area. Plants were tallest (1–4 m) at point bar, stream confluence, and island sites, while heights remained relatively low (<1 m) along straight river reaches in a wide valley setting. We measured differences in both browsing intensity and cottonwood height for sites with relatively high predation risk (low visibility and/or the presence of escape barriers) and compared them to nearby sites with relatively low predation risk (open areas). In general, the high-risk sites had lower browsing intensities (percent of stems browsed) and taller plants than low-risk sites. Although the young cottonwoods on high-risk sites were growing taller each year over the last 4 years, there was little change in the plant heights for low-risk sites. For a stand of young cottonwoods growing adjacent to a gully (potential escape barrier), we found a linear correlation (r2=0.76) between cottonwood height and adjacent gully…

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Authors: Ripple, W. J., & Beschta, R. L.
Affiliations: Oregon State University (US)
Corresponding author: Ripple, William J.
ORCID: Ripple, William J.
Beschta, Robert L.
Venue: Forest Ecology and Management
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2003-10
Volume: 184
Issue: 1-3
Pages: 299-313
ISSN: 0378-1127 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1127(03)00154-3
OpenAlex: W2023572308
Semantic Scholar: 0102cc2d957ec54353066a8753dcd3b127177e6c
Cited by: 395
References: 38
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 19.53
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Forest Ecology and Management (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Ecology and biodiversity studies
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Rangeland and Wildlife Management
Keywords: wolf reintroduction, predation risk, poplar, elk browsing, riparian vegetation, trophic cascades, top-down control, willow, riparian restoration, Yellowstone National Park

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Wolf reintroduction, predation risk, and cottonwood recovery in Yellowstone National Park

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