The DOI matches its Crossref record; 238 of the 240 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Epidemiology of parkinson’s disease
Open accessAbstract
The epidemiologic studies reviewed here have provided insights into the etiology of PD. Evidence increasingly suggests that, like many other chronic age-related diseases, PD is a multifactorial disorder, with both genes and environment contributing to risk. As the elderly population of the world grows, incidence and prevalence of PD will continue to increase, underscoring the importance of further delineating risk factors. The introduction of levodopa and other pharmacologic therapies over the last 2 decades has postponed disease morbidity and mortality, but morbidity and mortality still are increased markedly relative to unaffected individuals. The development of therapies that may slow disease progression makes early identification and treatment of PD particularly important. Investigations of early markers of PD, or markers of disease susceptibility, are critical areas for future research. These efforts all will be aided by careful collaboration between epidemiologists and laboratory scientists.
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“Stress and aging are prerequisites for neurodegenerative disease [66].”
From The Role of Cortisol in Chronic Stress, Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Psychological Disorders (2023) · cites this paper as [66]
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Cites
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Metadata
- Authors
- Tanner, C. M., & Goldman, S. M.
- Affiliations
- Parkinson's Institute and Clinical Center (US)
- Venue
- Neurologic Clinics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1996-05
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 317-335
- ISSN
- 0733-8619 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7173037
- OpenAlex
- W2084553926
- Semantic Scholar
- 722f96a983f226977773068a6a70c00979c0cbd5
- Cited by
- 640
- References
- 240
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 11.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Neurologic Clinics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA094089)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, etiology, complex diseases, genetic risk factors, environmental risk factors, incidence, prevalence, levodopa, early markers, disease susceptibility, disease progression
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Consanguinity, Diet, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Parkinson Disease, Risk Factors, Smoking, Global Health, Hazardous Substances, Incidence, Prevalence, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Patient Selection
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