Cited by 640Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and TreatmentsDeep Brain Stimulation and Movement DisordersNuclear Receptors and Signaling

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Epidemiology of parkinson’s disease

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Tanner, Caroline M., Goldman, Samuel M.·1996·Neurologic Clinics

DOI 10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70259-0PMC PMC7173037

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Abstract

The epidemiologic studies reviewed here have provided insights into the etiology of PD. Evidence increasingly suggests that, like many other chronic age-related diseases, PD is a multifactorial disorder, with both genes and environment contributing to risk. As the elderly population of the world grows, incidence and prevalence of PD will continue to increase, underscoring the importance of further delineating risk factors. The introduction of levodopa and other pharmacologic therapies over the last 2 decades has postponed disease morbidity and mortality, but morbidity and mortality still are increased markedly relative to unaffected individuals. The development of therapies that may slow disease progression makes early identification and treatment of PD particularly important. Investigations of early markers of PD, or markers of disease susceptibility, are critical areas for future research. These efforts all will be aided by careful collaboration between epidemiologists and laboratory scientists.

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Familial aggregation of Parkinson’s disease
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A case‐control study of smoking habits, dementia, and other illnesses in idiopathic Parkinson's disease
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“Some cases classified as arteriosclerotic parkinsonism in the past today might be considered typical PD.I5, 93 In other reports, parkinsonism of known cause (drug-induced parkinsonism and postencephalitic parkinsonism) were grouped along with PD in determining incidence or prevalence rates.15, Ro, 116 Because these th…”
Background
Guam ALS/Parkinsonism-Dementia: A Long-Latency Neurotoxic Disorder Caused by “Slow Toxin(s)” in Food?
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The Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease
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Prevalence of Parkinson's Disease in the Parsi Community of Bombay, India
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A case‐control study of Parkinson's disease in a horticultural region of British Columbia
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Handbook of Parkinson's Disease
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“During the past 2 to 3 decades, irrespective of geographic location, death rates have fallen for those younger than age 65 and increased in those older than age 75.24,26,64, 83,146, 150 These observations are compatible with improved survival due to levodopa therapy, with mean age at death increasing approximately 5 y…”
BackgroundInfluential
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Parkinson's disease in a nationwide twin cohort
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“Some cases classified as arteriosclerotic parkinsonism in the past today might be considered typical PD.I5, 93 In other reports, parkinsonism of known cause (drug-induced parkinsonism and postencephalitic parkinsonism) were grouped along with PD in determining incidence or prevalence rates.15, Ro, 116 Because these th…”
Viruses, Immunity, and Mental Disorders
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Physical activity and sports in patients suffering from Parkinson's disease in comparison with healthy seniors
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Parkinson's Disease in Ferrara, Italy, 1967 Through 1987
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Head trauma with loss of consciousness as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease
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Background
Prior history of head trauma in Parkinson's disease
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“Retrospective case-control studies often report an association between head trauma and PD.I3, 32, 38, 135, 141 Studies comparing prospectively collected information (that is, information collected before the person got PD), however, do not find this ass~ciation."~, 157 Patients with a chronic illness typically seek ex…”
Background
Prevalence of Parkinson's disease in junín, Buenos Aires province, argentina
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Parkinson's disease in the district of the Northampton Health Authority, United Kingdom. A study of prevalence and disability
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NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE IN EX-FAR-EAST PRISONERS OF WAR
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Incidence and Risk Factors of Parkinson's Disease in The Netherlands
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Parkinson's disease epidemiology in the Northampton District, England, 1992
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Older dopaminergic neurons do not recover from the effects of MPTP
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NICOTINE EXPOSURE AND PARKINSON DISEASE
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PREVALENCE OF DISSEMINATED SCLEROSIS IN THE FAROES, THE ORKNEYS AND SHETLAND
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Environmental Risk Factors in Siblings With Parkinson's Disease
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A Case-Control Study on the Environmental Risk Factors of Parkinson's Disease in Tianjin, China
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Parkinson's disease. Genetic analysis and evidence of a multifactorial etiology.
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Parkinson's disease in twins
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α‐tocopherol levels in brain are not altered in Parkinson's disease
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Head trauma as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease
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A Novel Cytochrome P-450IID6 Mutant Gene Associated with Parkinson's Disease
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Hereditary variations in monoamine oxidase as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease
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Organochlorine pesticides in pasteurized milk and associated health risks
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Two Decades of Increasing Mortality From Parkinson's Disease Among the US Elderly
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Inhibition of brain monoamine oxidase by adducts of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline with components of cigarette smoke
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Is there a premorbid personality typical for Parkinson's disease?
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Smoking and Parkinson's disease
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The changing patterns of death rates in parkinsonism
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Association between the oxidative polymorphism and early onset of Parkinson's disease*
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Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease in Yonago City, Japan: Comparison with a Study Carried Out 12 Years Ago
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Smoking and Parkinson's Disease
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EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PARKINSONISM IN VICTORIA
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Viral Antibodies in the Sera from Patients with Parkinson Disease
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Serum levels of alpha‐tocopherol (vitamin E) in Parkinson's disease
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A Screening and Alerting Questionnaire for Parkinsonism
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Birthplace as a Risk Factor in Motor Neurone Disease and Parkinson's Disease
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Role of N-methyltransferases in the neurotoxicity associated with the metabolites of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and other 4-substituted pyridines present in the environment
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Authors: Tanner, C. M., & Goldman, S. M.
Affiliations: Parkinson's Institute and Clinical Center (US)
ORCID: Tanner, Caroline M.
Goldman, Samuel M.
Venue: Neurologic Clinics
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1996-05
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Pages: 317-335
ISSN: 0733-8619 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70259-0
PMC: PMC7173037
OpenAlex: W2084553926
Semantic Scholar: 722f96a983f226977773068a6a70c00979c0cbd5
Cited by: 640
References: 240
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 11.14
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Neurologic Clinics (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Cancer Institute (R01CA094089)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
Keywords: Parkinson's disease, etiology, complex diseases, genetic risk factors, environmental risk factors, incidence, prevalence, levodopa, early markers, disease susceptibility, disease progression
MeSH terms: Aged, Consanguinity, Diet, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Parkinson Disease, Risk Factors, Smoking, Global Health, Hazardous Substances, Incidence, Prevalence, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Patient Selection

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