Cited by 867Heart Failure Treatment and ManagementCardiovascular Function and Risk FactorsCardiovascular Disease and Adiposity

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The relationship between obesity and mortality in patients with heart failure

Open access

Horwich, Tamara B, Fonarow, Gregg C, Hamilton, Michele A, MacLellan, W.Robb, Woo, Mary A, Tillisch, Jan H·2001·Journal of the American College of Cardiology

DOI 10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01448-6

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Objectives The study aimed to evaluate the role of obesity in the prognosis of patients with heart failure (HF).Background Previous reports link obesity to the development of HF. However, the impact of obesity in patients with established HF has not been studied.Methods We analyzed 1,203 patients with advanced HF followed in a comprehensive HF management program. The patients were subclassified into categories of body mass index (BMI) defined as: underweight BMI <20.7 (n = 164), recommended BMI 20.7 to 27.7 (n = 692), overweight BMI 27.8 to 31 (n = 168) and obese BMI >31 (n = 179). This sample size allows the detection of small effects (0.02), with a power of 0.80 and an alpha level of 0.05 for comparing one-year survival between BMI groups.Results The four BMI groups had similar profiles in terms of ejection fraction (mean 0.22), sodium, creatinine and smoking. The obese and overweight groups had significantly higher rates of hypertension and diabetes, as well as higher levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. The four BMI groups had similar survival rates. Ejection fraction, HF etiology and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use predicted survival on univariate analysis (p < 0.01), although BMI did not. On multivariate analysis, cardiopulmonary exercise tests, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and serum sodium were strong predictors of survival (p < 0.05). Higher BMI was not a risk factor for increased mortality, but was associated with a trend toward improved survival.Conclusions In a large cohort of patients with advanced HF of multiple etiologies, obesity is not associated with increased mortality and may confer a more favorable prognosis. Further studies need to delineate whether weight loss promotion in medically optimized patients with HF is a worthwhile therapeutic goal.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01448-6

Cites

30 of 30 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: a 26-year follow-up of participants in the Framingham Heart Study.
Hubert, H. B., Feinleib, M., McNamara, P. M., & Castelli, W. P. (1983) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.67.5.968 · Cited by 4,241
Body-Mass Index and Mortality in a Prospective Cohort of U.S. Adults
Calle, E. E., Thun, M. J., Petrelli, J. M., Rodriguez, C., & Heath, C. W. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199910073411501 · Cited by 3,643
Wasting as independent risk factor for mortality in chronic heart failure
Anker, S. D., Ponikowski, P. P., Varney, S. J., Chua, T. P., Clark, A. L., Webb-Peploe, K., Harrington, D., Kox, W. J., Poole-Wilson, P. A., & Coats, A. J. S. (1997) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)07015-8 · Cited by 1,399
Hormones and Hemodynamics in Heart Failure
Schrier, R. W., & Abraham, W. T. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199908193410806 · Cited by 1,192
Guidelines for Healthy Weight
Willett, W. C., Dietz, W. H., & Colditz, G. A. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199908053410607 · Cited by 1,137
Criteria for definition of overweight in transition: background and recommendations for the United States
Kuczmarski, R. J., & Flegal, K. M. (2000) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/72.5.1074 · Cited by 705
Evolving trends in the epidemiologic factors of heart failure: Rationale for preventive strategies and comprehensive disease management
Massie, B. M., & Shah, N. B. (1997) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/s0002-8703(97)70173-x · Cited by 547
The endotoxin-lipoprotein hypothesis
Rauchhaus, M., Coats, A. J. S., & Anker, S. D. (2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02690-8 · Cited by 544
Impact of a Comprehensive Heart Failure Management Program on Hospital Readmission and Functional Status of Patients With Advanced Heart Failure
Fonarow, G. C., Stevenson, L. W., Walden, J. A., Livingston, N., Steimle, A. E., Hamilton, M. A., Moriguchi, J. D., Tillisch, J. H., & Woo, M. A. (1997) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(97)00208-8 · Cited by 541
Self-citation
Obesity and Heart Disease
Eckel, R. H. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.9.3248 · Cited by 512

Show all 30 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Davos, 2000, Obesity and survival in chronic heart failure, Circulation, 102, I4202

Sorted by citations

Items 801–866 of 866

Obesity
Sharma, A. M. (2002) · doi:10.1002/9780470986882.ch19
Obesity – is it really so bad for a patient with coronary heart disease?
Pogorzelski, S., Kuźma, Ł., Struniawski, K., Wróblewski, D., Gajewska_Bachórzewska, H., & Dobrzycki, S. (2018) · Progress in Health Sciences · doi:10.5604/01.3001.0012.8346
Relación entre las dimensiones de la aurícula izquierda y los depósitos globales y regionales de grasa corporal
Zan, M. C. D., Carrascosa, P., Reynoso, E., Deviggiano, A., Deschle, H., & Rodríguez-Granillo, G. A. (2019) · Archivos de cardiología de México · doi:10.24875/acm.m19000006
What is the Impact of Obesity in PH?
Park, M. (2010) · Advances in Pulmonary Hypertension · doi:10.21693/1933-088x-9.2.120
Relationship between left atrial dimensions and global and regional fat depots
Zan, M. C. D., Carrascosa, P., Reynoso, E., Deviggiano, A., Deschle, H., & Rodríguez-Granillo, G. A. (2019) · Archivos de cardiolog�a de M�xico (English ed Internet) · doi:10.24875/acme.m19000002
Heart Failure and Body Habitus: What Would Be the Confounding Factors of Outcome Prediction in Obese Patients with Heart Failure?
Cho, J. Y., & Kim, K. H. (2020) · International Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.36628/ijhf.2019.0017
oCOm-21 as a Cardioprotective Inotrope Through S-Nitrosylation
Chau, A. Y. (2020) · Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago)
The Obesity Paradox Existing in Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Şentürk, B., Akdeniz, B., Özpelit, E., Yılmaz, M. B., Kahraman, B. Ö., Sezgin, D., Tertemiz, K. C., & Sevinç, C. (2020) · e-Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.32596/ejcm.galenos.2020.02.011
Obesity and Cardio-vascular Disorders: Review
Горбачова, В. В., & Plehutsa, О. І. (2020) · Family Medicine · doi:10.30841/2307-5112.3.2020.211860
Bariatric Surgery in Heart Failure
Belkin, M. N., & Blair, J. E. (2020) · Difficult decisions in surgery: an evidence-based approach · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-55329-6_7
Evaluating the effectiveness of brief behaviour change counselling in a primary care facility
Ganzevoort, J. (2020) · SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University)
ody Mass, Fitness and Survival in Veteran Patients: nother Obesity Paradox?
McAuley, A. (2007)
Diagnosis and prognosis in connective tissue disease associated pulmonary hypertension
Benjamin, ., & Schreiber, E. (2013)
Effect of Obesity on Cardiovascular System: Literature Review
Sneineh, M. A. (2021) · Open access journal of clinical surgery · doi:10.51931/oajcs.2021.02.000021
Correlation of body mass index and pulmonary hypertension in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea
Mishra, S. K., Srivastava, G. N., Mishra, J. K., & Oli, R. (2021) · The Journal of Community Health Management · doi:10.18231/j.jchm.2021.018
Association Between Neck Circumference and Poor Outcome in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients: A Prospective Observational Study.Preprint
Li, Y., Zhou, H., Xiang, Y., Zheng, J., Zhang, F., Xu, M., & Li, H. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-38306/v1
Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Women
Russell, C. E., Rodríguez, F., & Foody, J. M. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-37393-0_56-1
Obesity and Associated Complications
Greenway, F. L., & Hamilton, M. (2004) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780203508756.pt2
Self-citation
Total Serum Protein as an Independent Predictor of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Obese Pediatric Population
Porubän, T., Bánovčinová, A., Vachalcová, M., Sieradzka, A. K., Jakubová, M., Schusterová, I., & Barkai, L. J. (2021) · Austin Journal of Clinical Cardiology · doi:10.26420/austinjclincardiolog.2021.1084
Extension of Healthy Life Span of Dialysis Patients in the Era of a 100-Year Life
Inaba, M., & Mori, K. (2021) · MDPI eBooks · doi:10.3390/books978-3-0365-2345-3
Chronic Heart Failure
Rich, M. W. (2004) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-391-0_18
Prognostication
Simpson, J., & Gardner, R. S. (2022) · doi:10.1093/med/9780198766223.003.0028
Heart failure syndromes
Clark, A. L. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780198766223.003.0002
Cardiac rehabilitation and chronic heart failure
Piepoli, M. F., & Clark, A. L. (2022) · doi:10.1093/med/9780198766223.003.0057
Correlation between Sonographic Muscle Measurements of Vastus Intermedius and Rectus Femoris with Nitrogen Balance in Nutritional Assessment of Critically III Overweight and Obese Patients
Gómez-González, M. N. (2022) · International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Research Studies · doi:10.47191/ijmscrs/v2-i9-19
Adapting Tools of Causality to Analyze the Obesity ParadoxPreprint
Mitra, P., Zhang, X., & Heaton, C. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2515102/v1
Obesity is an Independent Risk Factor for In-Hospital Mortality among Patients Admitted for Heart Failure: A National StudyPreprint
Liu, L., Zhu, Y., Oyenubi, O., Murad, M. H., & Jesmajian, S. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.05.12.23289919
Body mass index and clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction mediated by diastolic blood pressure status?
Hu, Y., Gu, Z.-B., Xu, M., He, W., Wu, L., Xu, Z., & Guo, L. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16515
Obesity: Central Role in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction?
Pelter, M. N., & Horwich, T. B. (2023) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.08.018
Self-citation
Additional file 1 of Shared genetic etiology and causality between body fat percentage and cardiovascular diseases: a large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis
Zhuang, Z., Yao, M., Wong, J. Y. Y., Liu, Z., & Huang, T. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14509924
Morphofunctional Analysis of the Role of Epicardial Adipose Tissue in the Formation of the Obesity Paradox in Chronic Heart Failure
Milyukov, V. E., Александрович, Б. В., & Cuong, N. C. (2024) · Kardiologiia · doi:10.18087/cardio.2024.3.n2469 · Cited by 2
Mortality is lowest in overweight followed by obese and morbid obese patients and is highest in cachexia compared to normal weight in patients with the diagnosis of aortic stenosis.Preprint
Hashemzadeh, M., Moghadam, A. S., Moghadam, S. S., & Movahed, M. R. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.08.17.24312157
The Impact of Body Mass Index on Morbidity and Mortality in Iraqi Patients With Heart Failure
Abdulhameed, A., Allami, M., & Dubais, H. M. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.71043
The Association of Long-Term Body Mass Index Variability with the Development of HFpEF and HFrEF Across Patterns of Weight ChangePreprint
Yu, Z., Chen, Y., Miranda, O., Qi, M., Zhang, M., Feng, N., Ryan, T. P., Schloot, N. C., Chen, Y., Sam, F., et al. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.11.08.24317010
The Roles of Nutrition, Frailty, and Age
Bhat, G., & Yost, G. L. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-86172-8_27-1
Partial obesity paradox regarding mortality in patients hospitalized with diastolic or systolic heart failure
Movahed, M. R., Mineer, A., & Hashemzadeh, M. (2025) · Future Cardiology · doi:10.1080/14796678.2025.2477421 · Cited by 1
Inspecting the risk of heart failure in general population using metabolic health status and obesity profilesPreprint
Zhang, J., Dong, B., Li, J., Ning, Y., Wang, Y., Huang, J., Zhu, W., Zhen, Z., Liang, W., Wei, F., et al. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6203913/v1
Exploring the Impact of Selenium Supplementation on Nutritional, Inflammatory, and Cardiac Function in Chronic Heart Failure Patients: A Novel Approach to Managing Deficiency
Kou, L., Meng, F., Fu, G., & Zhang, R. (2025) · Cardiovascular Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s12012-025-10041-3
Obesity and Heart Failure: The (Fried) Chicken or the Egg?
Foster, L., Byrne, K. P. A., & Rivett, G. (2025) · Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia · doi:10.1053/j.jvca.2025.08.046
Impact of recipient body mass index on heart transplantation outcomes
Masroor, M., Jiang, C., Xiong, T., Wang, Y., & Dong, N. (2025) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2025.1573589
Nutritional assessment and management in pediatric heart failure
Ravishankar, C. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13279-7.00011-0
Heart Failure in Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome
Battaglia, E., & Compalati, E. (2025) · Noninvasive ventilation. The essentials · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-97449-6_40
The Association Between Body Mass Index and In-hospital Mortality in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Nakahashi, T., Sakata, K., Masuda, J., Kumagai, N., Higuma, T., Ogimoto, A., Tanigawa, T., Hanada, H., Nakamura, M., Takamura, M., et al. (2025) · International Heart Journal · doi:10.1536/ihj.25-135
Changes in body composition in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction initiated on beta-blocker therapy.
Ingle, L., Rigby, A. S., Carroll, S., Butterly, R., King, R. F., Cooke, C. B., Cleland, J. G. F., & Clark, A. L. (2007) · PubMed Central
Additional file 1 of Development and validation of a predictive models for predicting the cardiac events within one year for patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention procedure at IJN
Ngew, K. Y., Tay, H. Z., & Yusof, A. K. M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26637546
Additional file 2 of Shared genetic etiology and causality between body fat percentage and cardiovascular diseases: a large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis
Zhuang, Z., Yao, M., Wong, J. Y. Y., Liu, Z., & Huang, T. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14509927
Cardiac Rehabilitation in Heart Failure
Piepoli, M. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-95754-3_10
Peak oxygen consumption as a modifier of the obesity paradox in patients with obesity with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Kim, M., Lee, J., Yang, T., Oh, J., Kang, S., & Lee, C. J. (2026) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-025-01923-1
Beyond BMI: why heart failure trials must quantify adiposity, not just obesity
Bayés‐Genís, A., & Schiattarella, G. G. (2026) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1093/ejhf/xuag046
Revisiting the obesity paradox in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in the light of contemporary guideline-directed medical therapy
Gergely, T. G., Forrai, Z., Kazay, Á., Schäffer, P. P., Vámos, M., Pilecky, D., Füzesi, T. P., Hanuska, L. F., Nyolczas, N., Dékány, M., et al. (2026) · Clinical Research in Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00392-026-02865-y
Sex- and phenotype-specific prognostic implications of body mass index in acute heart failure
Won, Y. S., Shin, M.-S., Kim, E., Chung, W.-J., Kim, E. J., Han, S., Park, S., Kim, H.-S., Lee, J.-H., Ahn, H., et al. (2026) · ESC Heart Failure · doi:10.1093/eschf/xvag050
L'obésité, de la physiologie à l'application clinique, en Anesthésie-Réanimation-Urgences
Sebbane, M. (2010) · doi:10.70675/417d6ce1zaf98z45e9zb36cz315ff8e44ba8
New biomarkers and therapeutic targets in left ventricular hypertrophy
Evaristi, M. F. (2017) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/0d048706z75d9z4ea2za46fz8f14c110ade5
Le rôle de la galanine dans le remodelage cardiaque
Timotin, A. (2017) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/32f3b46bzd7a8z4dacz9ba8z6c9e89e61682
Évaluation, en conditions de pratique courante, de l’application et de l’efficacité des recommandations européennes dans la prise en charge médicamenteuse de l’insuffisance cardiaque : analyses de la cohorte EPICAL2
Bitar, S. (2020) · doi:10.70675/9ff8101ez124az4c75z883dz666cf020b915
Obesity and the Obesity Paradox in Heart Failure
Koos, A., Vyas, A., Catalfamo, V. J., Tutor, A. W., & Lavie, C. J. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15734-9.00177-1
Multivariate analysis of body mass index management capabilities in senior patients with chronic heart failure in China: a cross-sectional study
Liao, P., Feng, S., Li, W., & Lili, E. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1767531
Inverse association between body mass index and abdominal aortic calcification based on NHANES
Wang, Y., Meng, J., Wang, L., & Zhang, J. (2026) · Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery · doi:10.1186/s13019-026-04416-y
The Obesity Paradox in Chronic Kidney Disease: Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is Associated With Mortality Independent of Body Mass Index
Balantrapu, S., Kokkinos, P. F., Samuel, I. B. H., Pittaras, A. E., Faselis, C. J., & MYERS, J. N. (2026) · Kidney Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xkme.2026.101471
Beyond Weight Reduction: Obesity as a Therapeutic Pivot in Cardio–Renal–Metabolic Disease and Drug Management
Win, M. L., & Lang, C. C. (2026) · European Cardiology Review · doi:10.15420/ecr.2026.39
Serially Measured Metabolic Plasma Biomarkers and Adverse Outcomes in Chronic Heart Failure: A Longitudinal NMR Spectroscopy Study in Two Cohorts
Lu, L., Kamar, S. A., Palm, C. L., Scholte, N. T. B., Suthahar, N., Connelly, M. A., Hillege, H. L., Akkerhuis, K. M., Umans, V. A. W. M., de Boer, R. A., et al. (2026) · Circulation Heart Failure · doi:10.1161/circheartfailure.125.013971
Body Composition in Heart Failure: A Phenotype-Informed Framework for Assessment and Management
van der Hoef, C. C. S., ter Maaten, J. M., Meems, L. M. G., Gorter, T. M., Tromp, J., van Veldhuisen, D. J., & Voors, A. A. (2026) · Journal of Cardiac Failure · doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2026.08.018
Obesity paradox in heart failure with and without diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study
Kwon, O., Yoon, M., & Park, J. J. (2026) · Clinical Research in Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00392-026-03007-0
Sex-specific association between body mass index and mortality after heart transplantation: A nationwide KOTRY Cohort Study
LEE, Y., Kim, K. T., Kim, A. R., Hong, J. A., Hyun, J., Lee, S. E., Kim, M.-S., Jeon, E.-S., Choi, J.-O., Oh, J., et al. (2026) · JHLT Open · doi:10.1016/j.jhlto.2026.100703
Simple measurement popularizes sarcopenia evaluation in patients with heart failure
Narumi, T., Watanabe, T., & Kubota, I. (2015) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2015.06.004
Cardiac Risk Factor Improvement Following Bariatric Surgery
Eisenberg, D., & Morton, J. M. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1206-3_34

Authors: Horwich, T. B., Fonarow, G. C., Hamilton, M. A., MacLellan, W. R., Woo, M. A., & Tillisch, J. H.
Affiliations: University of California, Los Angeles (US)
Corresponding author: Fonarow, Gregg C
ORCID: Horwich, Tamara B
Fonarow, Gregg C
MacLellan, W.Robb
Venue: Journal of the American College of Cardiology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2001-09
Volume: 38
Issue: 3
Pages: 789-795
ISSN: 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01448-6
OpenAlex: W2053715742
Cited by: 867
References: 30
Citations by year: 2026: 20 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 64 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 39
FWCI: 10.97
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 4336 d)
Locations: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Failure Treatment and Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
Keywords: obesity, heart failure, mortality, body mass index, prognosis, survival, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, serum sodium, weight loss, advanced heart failure
MeSH terms: Adult, Exercise Test, Female, Heart Failure, Hemodynamics, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Prognosis, Pulmonary Wedge Pressure, Regression Analysis, Body Mass Index

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The relationship between obesity and mortality in patients with heart failure

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks