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Gender differences in predictors of initiation, retention, and completion in an HMO-based substance abuse treatment program
Abstract
We studied gender differences in treatment process indicators among 293 HMO members recommended for substance abuse treatment. Treatment initiation, completion, and time spent in treatment did not differ by gender, but factors predicting these outcomes differed markedly. Initiation was predicted in women by alcohol diagnoses; in men, by being employed or married. Failure to initiate treatment was predicted in women by mental health diagnoses; in men, by less education. Treatment completion was predicted in women by higher income and legal/agency referral; in men, by older age. Failure to complete was predicted in women by more dependence diagnoses and higher Addiction Severity Index Employment scores; in men, by worse psychiatric status, receiving Medicaid, and motivation for entering treatment. More time spent in treatment was predicted, in women, by alcohol or opiate diagnoses and legal/agency referral; in men, by fewer mental health diagnoses, higher education, domestic violence victim status, and prior 12-step attendance. Clinical implications of results are discussed.
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“Prior research has found that women with more mental health problems are less likely to complete SUD treatment (Green et al., 2002)”
From Influences of victimization and comorbid conditions on latency to illicit drug use among adolescents and young adults (2020) · cites this paper as Green et al., 2002
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Substance abuse treatment entry, retention, and outcome in women: a review of the literature
Greenfield, S. F., Brooks, A. J., Gordon, S. M., Green, C. A., Kropp, F., McHugh, R. K., Lincoln, M., Hien, D., & Miele, G. M. (2007) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.05.012 · Cited by 1,055
“One study found that women attended fewer treat- ent sessions than men (McCaul et al., 2001), while another Green et al., 2002) found no gender difference in hours spent n treatment.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationGreenfield, S. F., Back, S. E., Lawson, K., & Brady, K. T. (2010) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2010.01.004 · Cited by 602
“financial resources, fewer mental health problems, and less severe drug problems.(46,108) Studies in women-only samples have found associations between certain characteristics and retention, including better psychological functioning, higher levels”
Women and Addiction: The Importance of Gender Issues in Substance Abuse Research
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Dropout From Outpatient Mental Health Care in the United States
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“In keeping with NCS data (12) and clinical research (7), patient gender was not significantly related to overall risk of treatment dropout.”
Gender and use of substance abuse treatment services.
Green, C. A. (2006) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 230
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Green, C. A., Polen, M. R., Dickinson, D. M., Lynch, F. L., & Bennett, M. D.
- Affiliations
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research (US)
- Kaiser Permanente (US)
- Corresponding author
- Green, Carla A
- Venue
- Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-12
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 285-295
- ISSN
- 0740-5472 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2122782976
- Cited by
- 201
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Kaiser Permanente
- National Institutes of Health (5r01aa010849-04)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA10849)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- gender differences, addiction treatment, treatment initiation, treatment completion, treatment retention, health maintenance organizations, predictors of treatment outcome, alcoholism, opioid use disorder, mental health diagnoses, domestic violence, 12-step programs, Medicaid, employment, income
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Gender Identity, Health Maintenance Organizations, Humans, Male, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Patient Compliance, Patient Dropouts, Retention, Psychology, Sex Factors, United States, Substance Abuse Treatment Centers, Substance-Related Disorders
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