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Cited by 57Peripheral Artery Disease ManagementHealth Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of LifeAcute Ischemic Stroke Management

One-year costs associated with cardiovascular disease in Canada: Insights from the REduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health (REACH) registry

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Smolderen, Kim G., Bell, Alan, Lei, Yang, Cohen, Eric A., Gabriel Steg, P., Bhatt, Deepak L., Mahoney, Elizabeth M.·2010·Canadian Journal of Cardiology
DOI 10.1016/s0828-282x(10)70437-2PMC PMC2954538
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Abstract

Background and objectives To provide a contemporary estimate of the economic burden of atherothrombosis in Canada, annual cardiovascular-related hospitalizations, medication use and associated costs across the entire spectrum of atherothrombotic disease were examined.Methods The REduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health (REACH) registry enrolled 1964 Canadian outpatients with coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease or peripheral arterial disease (PAD), or three or more cardiovascular risk factors. Baseline data on cardiovascular risk factors and associated medication use, and one-year follow-up data on cardiovascular events, hospitalizations, procedures and medication use were collected. Annual hospitalization and medication costs (Canadian dollars) were derived and compared among patients according to the presence of established atherothrombotic disease at baseline, specific arterial beds affected and the number of affected arterial beds.Results Average annualized medication costs were $1,683, $1,523 and $1,776 for patients with zero, one, and two or three symptomatic arterial beds, respectively. Average annual hospitalization costs increased significantly with the number of beds affected ($380, $1,403 and $3,465, respectively; P<0.0001 for overall linear trend). Mean hospitalization costs for patients with any coronary artery disease, any cerebrovascular disease and any PAD were $1,743, $1,823 and $4,677, respectively. After adjusting for other clinical factors, PAD at baseline was independently associated with a significant increase in hospitalization costs.Conclusion Costs associated with vascular-related hospitalizations and interventions for Canadian patients increased with the number of affected arterial beds, and were particularly high for patients with PAD and⁄or polyvascular disease. These contemporary data provide insight into the economic burden associated with atherothrombotic disease in Canada, and highlight the need for increased preventive strategies to lessen the burden for patients and society.

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  • Approximately 46% to 68% of patients with PAD also had coronary artery disease (CAD) or cerebrovascular disease.

    “Approximately, 46% to 68% of patients with PAD also had coronary artery disease (CAD) or cerebrovascular disease.[48][49][50]”

    From Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Peripheral Artery Disease (2021) · cites this paper as [49]

    The Results (page unavailable) report 148 patients with symptomatic PAD, of whom 48 had PAD only. That implies approximately 68% also had disease in another arterial bed, supporting the upper end of the cited range in this Canadian registry. The paper does not establish the 46% lower end. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  • The mere presence of PAD significantly increases the risk of having atherosclerotic disease in other vascular beds.

    “The mere presence of PAD significantly increases the risk of having atherosclerotic disease in other vascular beds.”

    From Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Peripheral Artery Disease (2021) · cites this paper as [49]

    The Results (page unavailable) report 148 patients with symptomatic PAD, but only 48 with PAD alone, indicating that many also had disease in another arterial bed. The paper does not establish that PAD itself increases that risk or report a statistical test of that association; its significant comparisons concern cardiovascular events and hospitalization costs. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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Authors
Smolderen, K. G., Bell, A., Lei, Y., Cohen, E. A., Gabriel Steg, P., Bhatt, D. L., & Mahoney, E. M.
Affiliations
  • Tilburg University (NL)
  • University of Toronto (CA)
  • Saint Luke's Hospital (US)
  • Sunnybrook Health Science Centre (CA)
  • Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
ORCID
Venue
Canadian Journal of Cardiology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2010-10
Volume
26
Issue
8
Pages
e297-e305
ISSN
0828-282X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s0828-282x(10)70437-2
PMC
PMC2954538
OpenAlex
W2020825310
Semantic Scholar
8e2752f05def8fb838c41618cbc233df3453c70c
Cited by
57
References
32
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
FWCI
2.36
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Canadian Journal of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Peripheral Artery Disease Management
  • Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
Keywords
economic burden of cardiovascular disease, atherothrombosis, hospital costs, drug costs, peripheral arterial disease, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, polyvascular disease, REACH registry, cardiovascular risk factors
MeSH terms
Aged, Canada, Follow-Up Studies, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Outpatients, Registries, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Thrombosis, Incidence, Cost of Illness, Atherosclerosis

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