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The role of private speech in the transition from collaborative to independent task performance in young children
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Private speech is a regular occurrence between the ages of 3 and 8, and appears to follow a trajectory from overt task-irrelevant speech, to overt task-relevant speech, to external manifestations of inner speech.
“A regular occurrence between the ages of 3 and 8, private speech appears to follow a trajectory from overt task-irrelevant speech, to overt task-relevant speech (e.g., self-guiding comments spoken out loud), to external manifestations of inner speech (e.g., whispering, inaudible muttering; Berk, 1986; Winsler, Diaz, & Montero, 1997).”
From Inner Speech: Development, Cognitive Functions, Phenomenology, and Neurobiology (2015) · cites this paper as Winsler, Diaz, & Montero, 1997
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Research works printed but not linked: 16
- Baker, 1996, Mothers' sensitivity to the competencies of their preschoolers on a concept-learning task, Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 11, 405, 10.1016/S0885-2006(96)90014-9 · DOI
- Beaudichon, 1973, Nature and instrumental function of private speech in problem solving situations, Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 19, 117
- Behrend, 1989, A new look at children's private speech: The effects of age, task difficulty, and parent presence, International Journal of Behavioral Development, 12, 305, 10.1177/016502548901200302 · DOI
- Berk, 1984, Development of private speech among low-income Appalachian children, Developmental Psychology, 20, 271, 10.1037/0012-1649.20.2.271 · DOI · Paper page
- Berk, 1995, Maternal interaction, private speech, and task performance in preschoolchildren, Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 10, 145, 10.1016/0885-2006(95)90001-2 · DOI
- Bivens, 1990, A longitudinal study of the development of elementary school children's private speech, Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 36, 443
- Diaz, 1986, The union of thought and language in children's private speech, the Quarterly Newsletter of the Laboratory of Comparative Human Cognition, 8, 90
- Frauenglass, 1985, Self-regulatory functions of children's private speech: A critical analysis of recent challenges to Vygotsky's theory, Developmental Psychology, 21, 357, 10.1037/0012-1649.21.2.357 · DOI
- Gaskill, 1991, The relation between private speech and cognitive performance, Infancia y Aprendizaje, 53, 45, 10.1080/02103702.1991.10822283 · DOI
- Goodman, 1981, The integration of verbal and motor behavior in preschool children, Child Development, 52, 280, 10.2307/1129241 · DOI
- Goudena, 1987, The social nature of private speech of preschoolers during problem solving, International Journal of Behavioral Development, 10, 187, 10.1177/016502548701000204 · DOI
- Kohlberg, 1968, Private speech: Four studies and a review of theories, Child Development, 39, 691, 10.2307/1126979 · DOI · Paper page
- Pellegrini, 1979, The functions of private speech in preschool children, International Journal of Psycholinguistics, 15, 27
- Winsler, 1995, The social origins and self-regulatory quality of private speech in hyperactive and normal children, Dissertation Abstracts International, 55, 1885A
- Winsler, 1995, Private speech in the classroom: The effects of activity type, presence of others, classroom context, and mixed-age grouping, International Journal of Behavioral Development, 18, 463, 10.1177/016502549501800305 · DOI
- Zivin, 1972, Functions of private speech during problem-solving in preschool children, Dissertation Abstracts International, 33, 1834
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Inner Speech: Development, Cognitive Functions, Phenomenology, and Neurobiology
Alderson-Day, B., & Fernyhough, C. (2015) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000021 · Cited by 864
“…of 3 and 8, private speech appears to follow a trajectory from overt task-irrelevant speech, to overt task-relevant speech (e.g., selfguiding comments spoken out loud), to external manifestations of inner speech (e.g., whispering, inaudible muttering; Berk, 1986; Winsler, Diaz, & Montero, 1997).”
BackgroundWinsler, A., & Naglieri, J. (2003) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00561 · Cited by 235
Self-citationPrivate speech on an executive task: relations with task difficulty and task performance
Fernyhough, C., & Fradley, E. (2005) · Cognitive Development · doi:10.1016/j.cogdev.2004.11.002 · Cited by 225
Lidstone, J. S. M., Meins, E., & Fernyhough, C. (2010) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2010.06.002 · Cited by 119
Ford, R. M., McDougall, S. J. P., & Evans, D. (2009) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1348/000712609x406762 · Cited by 51
What do youth tennis athletes say to themselves? Observed and self-reported self-talk on the court
Thibodeaux, J., & Winsler, A. (2018) · Psychology of Sport and Exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.06.006 · Cited by 20
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Winsler, A., Diaz, R. M., & Montero, I.
- Affiliations
- George Mason University (US)
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Winsler, Adam
- Venue
- Early Childhood Research Quarterly
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-01
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 59-79
- ISSN
- 0885-2006 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2069755002
- Cited by
- 144
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 4.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Early Childhood Research Quarterly (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Representations and Identity
- Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Psychology of Development and Education
- Keywords
- private speech, self-directed speech, collaborative task performance, scaffolding, sociocultural theory, preschool children, selective attention, task success, age-related changes, microgenetic analysis
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