Cited by 628Sleep and Wakefulness ResearchCircadian rhythm and melatoninSleep and Work-Related Fatigue

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Extensive and Divergent Effects of Sleep and Wakefulness on Brain Gene Expression

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Cirelli, Chiara, Gutierrez, Christina M., Tononi, Giulio·2004·Neuron

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Abstract

Sleep is present in all species where it has been studied, but its functions remain unknown. To investigate what benefits sleep may bring at the cellular level, we profiled gene expression in awake and sleeping rats by using high-density microarrays. We find that approximately 10% of the transcripts in the cerebral cortex change their expression between day and night and demonstrate that half of them are modulated by sleep and wakefulness independent of time of day. We also show that molecular correlates of sleep are found in the cerebellum, a structure not known for generating sleep rhythms. Finally, we show that different functional categories of genes are selectively associated with sleep and wakefulness. The approximately 100 known genes whose expression increases during sleep provide molecular support for the proposed involvement of sleep in protein synthesis and neural plasticity and point to a novel role for sleep in membrane trafficking and maintenance.

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Authors: Cirelli, C., Gutierrez, C. M., & Tononi, G.
Affiliations: University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
Corresponding author: Cirelli, Chiara
ORCID: Cirelli, Chiara
Tononi, Giulio
Venue: Neuron
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2004-01
Volume: 41
Issue: 1
Pages: 35-43
ISSN: 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00814-6
OpenAlex: W2071215075
Cited by: 627
References: 67
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 32
FWCI: 17.49
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
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Locations: Neuron (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Department of Defense
National Institute of Mental Health
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Keywords: sleep, wakefulness, brain gene expression, circadian rhythm, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, neuroplasticity, membrane trafficking
MeSH terms: Animals, Brain, Cerebellum, Cerebral Cortex, Circadian Rhythm, Male, Rats, Inbred WKY, RNA, Messenger, Sleep, Wakefulness, Gene Expression, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Rats

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Extensive and Divergent Effects of Sleep and Wakefulness on Brain Gene Expression

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