The DOI matches its Crossref record; 66 of the 67 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Extensive and Divergent Effects of Sleep and Wakefulness on Brain Gene Expression
Open accessAbstract
Sleep is present in all species where it has been studied, but its functions remain unknown. To investigate what benefits sleep may bring at the cellular level, we profiled gene expression in awake and sleeping rats by using high-density microarrays. We find that approximately 10% of the transcripts in the cerebral cortex change their expression between day and night and demonstrate that half of them are modulated by sleep and wakefulness independent of time of day. We also show that molecular correlates of sleep are found in the cerebellum, a structure not known for generating sleep rhythms. Finally, we show that different functional categories of genes are selectively associated with sleep and wakefulness. The approximately 100 known genes whose expression increases during sleep provide molecular support for the proposed involvement of sleep in protein synthesis and neural plasticity and point to a novel role for sleep in membrane trafficking and maintenance.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“several studies show an increase in extracellular glutamate concentrations as well as molecular markers of LTP across wake periods and a decrease after sleep periods, particularly after SWS (204,205,207,257,457,607,940,1264)”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [204]
In the citing paper
“The relationship of LTP during waking to increased production of slow waves in sleep is likely relevant for depression, in that most effective antidepressants increase expression of plasticity-related genes (reviewed in Duman, 2002; Payne et al., 2002) much like sleep deprivation (Cirelli et al., 2004), although on a longer time course.”
From Biological rhythms, higher brain function, and behavior: Gaps, opportunities, and challenges (2009) · cites this paper as Cirelli et al., 2004
Citations
Cites
Bolstad, B. M., Irizarry, R. A., Åstrand, M., & Speed, T. P. (2003) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/19.2.185 · Cited by 8,328
Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine
Kryger, M. H., Roth, T. G., & Dement, W. C. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-0-59875-3 · Cited by 5,118
Van Dongen, H. P. A., Maislin, G., Mullington, J. M., & Dinges, D. F. (2003) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/26.2.117 · Cited by 3,173
Coordinated Transcription of Key Pathways in the Mouse by the Circadian Clock
Panda, S., Antoch, M. P., Miller, B. H., Su, A. I., Schook, A. C., Straume, M., Schultz, P. G., Kay, S. A., Takahashi, J. S., & Hogenesch, J. B. (2002) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(02)00722-5 · Cited by 2,310
Aston-Jones, G., & Bloom, F. (1981) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.01-08-00876.1981 · Cited by 1,960
The Biochemical Basis of Neuropharmacology.
(1974) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-81-4-575_2 · Cited by 1,882
CNS synaptogenesis promoted by glia-derived cholesterol
Mauch, D. H., Nägler, K., Schumacher, S., Göritz, C., Müller, E.-C., Otto, A., & Pfrieger, F. W. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.294.5545.1354 · Cited by 1,711
Sleep Homeostasis and Models of Sleep Regulation
Borb, A. A., & Achermann, P. (1999) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/074873099129000894 · Cited by 1,546
Extensive and divergent circadian gene expression in liver and heart
Storch, K.-F., Lipan, O., Leykin, I., Viswanathan, N., Davis, F. C., Wong, W. H., & Weitz, C. J. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature744 · Cited by 1,509
Practice with Sleep Makes Perfect
Walker, M. P., Brakefield, T., Morgan, A., Hobson, J. A., & Stickgold, R. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00746-8 · Cited by 1,307
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–628 of 628
Genetic and Omic Methods to Study Sleep and Circadian Rhythms
Goel, N. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780197756782.003.0004
Sleep is enhanced in aged male mice that overexpress calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV
Feeney, S. P., Threlfall, E., Bilboa, J. M., Angelakos, C. C., Wimmer, M. E., Kida, S., Abel, T. G., & Tudor, J. C. (2025) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2025.1596602
Presynaptic Release Probability Determines the Need for SleepPreprint
Wu, Y., Wierda, K. D. B., Vints, K., Huang, Y.-C., Uytterhoeven, V., Loomba, S., Laenen, F., Hoekstra, M. M., Dyson, M. C., Huang, S., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.10.16.682770 · Cited by 2
Zhou, R., Chen, X., Gao, R., Chen, Z., Lou, S., Liu, S., Wang, H., Du, X., Du, J., Zhang, G., et al. (2025) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2025.108648
The Importance of Sleep in Animals and Its Potential Vulnerability to Climate Change
Lee, W. Y., & Libourel, P. (2025) · Annual Review of Animal Biosciences · doi:10.1146/annurev-animal-030424-072112
Sleep Disorders and Regenerative Medicine
McNeillis, S. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-77456-0_4
Roig, M. N. B., Leduc, T., Dufort‐Gervais, J., Maghmoul, Y., Tastet, O., & Mongrain, V. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26587146
Roig, M. N. B., Leduc, T., Dufort‐Gervais, J., Maghmoul, Y., Tastet, O., & Mongrain, V. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26587143
Roig, M. N. B., Leduc, T., Dufort‐Gervais, J., Maghmoul, Y., Tastet, O., & Mongrain, V. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26587140
Roig, M. N. B., Leduc, T., Dufort‐Gervais, J., Maghmoul, Y., Tastet, O., & Mongrain, V. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26587149
Rosensweig, C., Shah, A., Sisobhan, S., Andreani, T., & Allada, R. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.02.28.708752
Mécanismes responsables de l'activation corticale pendant le sommeil paradoxal
Renouard, L. (2011) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/fb03b5cez134bz4527zb76cz110ad804221c
Role of the thalamic nucleus reuniens in the cortico-hippocampal coupling and memory consolidation
Ferraris, M. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/3f54f650z6692z45e7z89dfz4cd46a512b83
A novel, wearable, in-ear EEG technology to assess sleep and daytime sleepiness
Berent, J., Saini, P., Stewart, A. X., Bheda, D., Borodin, K., Paul, A., Tracey, B., Dong, C., Volfson, D., Buhl, D. L., et al. (2026) · Bioelectronic Medicine · doi:10.1186/s42234-026-00207-x
Recharge, reboot, rewire: sleep optimizes information processing in neural circuits
Aton, S. J. (2026) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsag146 · Cited by 1
Alsehli, A. M. (2026) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1815042
Попов, А. А., Евгеньевна, Т. Е., Yakimov, A. M., Vasilieva, A. A., Karnauhov, V. V., & Дмитренко, Д. В. (2026) · Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University Medical Sciences · doi:10.25587/2587-5590-2026-2-102-123
Vaseghi, S., Baghaeikia, S., Keyvani, T., Lotfi, G., Jalalian-Javadpour, M., & Ebrahimnejad, M. (2026) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/s12993-026-00359-5
Saha, P. K., Rowe, R. K., Boison, D., & Shandra, O. O. (2026) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2026.115981
Shank3 mutation disrupts the molecular signature of sleepiness across developmentPreprint
Wald, E. M., Medina, E., Ottaway, C. A., Muheim, C., Ford, K., Patterson, T., Singletary, K. G., Ingiosi, A. M., & Peixoto, L. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.08.21.746326
Prius-Mengual, J., Hoerder‐Suabedissen, A., Mao, R., Taylor, L., Chakrabarty, A., Newey, S., Jagannath, A., Akerman, C. J., & Vyazovskiy, V. V. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.10.16.759564
Sueño y consolidación de la memoria
Walker, M. P., & Stickgold, R. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-84-8086-733-7.00009-7
Salibe, M. (2010) · Repositorio Digital Institucional de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (Universidad de Buenos Aires)
Metadata
- Authors
- Cirelli, C., Gutierrez, C. M., & Tononi, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cirelli, Chiara
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-01
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 35-43
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2071215075
- Cited by
- 627
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 17.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 3485 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Defense
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- sleep, wakefulness, brain gene expression, circadian rhythm, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, neuroplasticity, membrane trafficking
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Cerebellum, Cerebral Cortex, Circadian Rhythm, Male, Rats, Inbred WKY, RNA, Messenger, Sleep, Wakefulness, Gene Expression, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
