The DOI matches its Crossref record; 60 of the 61 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Depressive symptoms in stable chronic schizophrenia: prevalence and relationship to psychopathology and treatment
Abstract
The prevalence and correlates of the depressive syndrome were explored in a population of 120 patients with stable, chronic schizophrenia living in the community. The presence of clinically significant depressive symptoms was defined by a score of 17 or greater on the Beck Depression Inventory. Patients were examined to assess severity of schizophrenic symptoms and medication side-effects. Sixteen of the 120 patients (13.3%) had significant depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were significantly correlated with the hostility/suspiciousness (P<0.0001), the positive symptom (P=0.0009) factor of the BPRS and with scores on the Significant Others Scale, a measure of patients' perceived lack of social support (P=0.0004). The association between depression and akathisia approached significance (P=0.007). There was no correlation with demographic variables, alcohol intake, antipsychotic dosage or anticholinergic dosage. Using a scale that rates the subjective aspects of the depressive syndrome, we found no evidence of a relationship between depression and negative symptoms in this population. These results indicate that persistent depressive symptoms in stable patients in the community are related to the degree of persistent positive psychotic symptoms, patient perceptions of social support and, weakly, to the degree of akathisia but not other aspects of antipsychotic treatment.
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“Depression and anxiety are strongly associated with positive symptoms,2,3,5–7,9 negative symptoms,2,8 psychotic relapses3,9 and impaired social function,3,5,9 and are among the best symptom predictors of quality of life outcomes in people with SSDs.2–9”
From Dispositional Mindfulness and Psychotic Symptoms in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: The Mediating Roles of Rumination and Negative Emotion (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
Citations
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Psychiatric Comorbidities and Schizophrenia
Buckley, P. F., Miller, B. J., Lehrer, D. S., & Castle, D. J. (2009) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbn135 · Cited by 1,121
Häfner, H., Maurer, K., Trendler, G., der Heiden, W. A., Schmidt, M. H., & Könnecke, R. (2005) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2005.01.004 · Cited by 309
“(1999) and Baynes et al. (2000). Unlike non-psychotic core symptoms, positive symptoms increase considerably in the early course of schizophrenia, but not so in depression and certainly not in healthy controls (Fig.”
BackgroundThe relationship between negative symptoms and depression in schizophrenia: a systematic review
Krynicki, C. R., Upthegrove, R., Deakin, J. F. W., & Barnes, T. R. E. (2018) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12873 · Cited by 226
“Six studies used the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) (15, 42, 45, 48, 49, 51), and five studies used the Beck Depression Inventory (22, 29, 30, 40).”
MethodSecondary negative symptoms — A review of mechanisms, assessment and treatment
Kirschner, M., Aleman, A., & Kaiser, S. (2016) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2016.05.003 · Cited by 215
Psychological pathways to depression in schizophrenia
Birchwood, M. J., Iqbal, Z., & Upthegrove, R. (2005) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-005-0588-4 · Cited by 191
Metadata
- Authors
- Baynes, D., Mulholland, C., Cooper, S. J., Montgomery, R. C., MacFlynn, G., Lynch, G., Kelly, C., & King, D. J.
- Affiliations
- Northern Health and Social Care Trust (GB)
- Queen's University Belfast (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Cooper, S.J.
- Venue
- Schizophrenia Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-09
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 47-56
- ISSN
- 0920-9964 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2120118985
- Cited by
- 136
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 1.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Schizophrenia Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Keywords
- depressive symptoms, chronic schizophrenia
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Chronic Disease, Depression, Female, Hostility, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Psychomotor Agitation, Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Severity of Illness Index, Prevalence
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