The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Human temporal-lobe response to vocal sounds
Abstract
Voice is not only the vehicle of speech, it is also an 'auditory face' that conveys a wealth of information on a person's identity and affective state. In contrast to speech perception, little is known about the neural bases of our ability to perceive these various types of paralinguistic vocal information. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we identified regions along the superior temporal sulcus (STS) that were not only sensitive, but also highly selective to vocal sounds. In the present study, we asked how neural activity in the voice areas was influenced by (i) the presence or not of linguistic information in the vocal input (speech vs. nonspeech) and (ii) frequency scrambling. Speech sounds were found to elicit greater responses than nonspeech vocalizations in most parts of auditory cortex, including primary auditory cortex (A1), on both sides of the brain. In contrast, response attenuation due to frequency scrambling was much more pronounced in anterior STS areas than at the level of A1. Importantly, only right anterior STS regions responded more strongly to nonspeech vocal sounds than to their scrambled version, suggesting that these regions could be specifically involved in paralinguistic aspects of voice perception.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Right lateralized auditory responses were observed for environmental sounds (Specht and Reul, 2003; Thierry et al., 2003; Thierry and Price, 2006), non-linguistic vocal sounds like laughter (Belin et al., 2002; Kriegstein and Giraud, 2004; Meyer et al., 2005), and the familiarity of vocalisation (Kriegstein and Giraud, 2004).”
From A review and synthesis of the first 20years of PET and fMRI studies of heard speech, spoken language and reading (2012) · cites this paper as Belin et al., 2002
Citations
Cites
Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain
Talairach, J., & Tournoux, P. (1988) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11,798
The fusiform face area: a module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for face perception
Kanwisher, N., McDermott, J., & Chun, M. M. (1997) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-11-04302.1997 · Cited by 7,738
Co-planar stereotaxic atlas of the human brain
Laitinen, L. (1989) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/0303-8467(89)90128-5 · Cited by 7,565
The distributed human neural system for face perception
Haxby, J. V., Hoffman, E. A., & Gobbini, M. I. (2000) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01482-0 · Cited by 4,891
Automatic 3D intersubject registration of MR volumetric data in standardized Talairach space
Collins, D. L., Neelin, P., Peters, T. M., & Evans, A. C. (1994) · Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography · doi:10.1097/00004728-199403000-00005 · Cited by 3,431
Speech Recognition with Primarily Temporal Cues
Shannon, R., Zeng, F.-G., Kamath, V., Wygonski, J., & Ekelid, M. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.270.5234.303 · Cited by 3,302
A three-dimensional statistical analysis for CBF activation studies in human brain
Worsley, K. J., Evans, A. C., Marrett, S., & Neelin, P. (1992) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.1992.127 · Cited by 2,036
‘What’ and ‘where’ in the human brain
Ungerleider, L. G., & Haxby, J. V. (1994) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/0959-4388(94)90066-3 · Cited by 1,913
Voice-selective areas in human auditory cortex
Belin, P., Zatorre, R. J., Lafaille, P., Ahad, P. A., & Pike, G. B. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35002078 · Cited by 1,789
Self-citationLateralization of Phonetic and Pitch Discrimination in Speech Processing
Zatorre, R. J., Evans, A. C., Meyer, E., & GJEDDE, A. H. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1589767 · Cited by 1,499
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Assal, 1976, Discrimination des voix lors des lesions du cortex cerebral, Arch. Suisses Neurol. Neurochir. Psychiatr., 119, 307
- Binder, 1999, Superior temporal sulcus (STS) responses to speech and nonspeech auditory stimuli, J. Cog. Neurosci., 11, 99
- Y. Samson, P. Belin, L. Thivard, N. Boddaert, S. Crozier, M. Zilbovicius, Perception auditive et langage: imagerie fonctionnelle du cortex auditif sensible au langage, Rev. Neurol. (in press).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 450
Papagno, C., Pisoni, A., & Gainotti, G. (2021) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107926 · Cited by 8
From bird to sparrow: Learning-induced modulations in fine-grained semantic discrimination
Meo‐Monteil, R. D., Bourquin, N. M.-P., Knebel, J., Murray, M. M., & Clarke, S. (2015) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.05.091 · Cited by 8
Dormal, G., Pelland, M., Rezk, M., Yakobov, E., Leporé, F., & Collignon, O. (2017) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/143776 · Cited by 9
Yu, K., Zhou, Y., Zhang, L., Li, L., Li, P., & Wang, R. (2023) · Language and Speech · doi:10.1177/00238309221143062 · Cited by 7
McMullin, M. A., Kumar, R., Higgins, N. C., Gygi, B., Elhilali, M., & Snyder, J. S. (2024) · Open Mind · doi:10.1162/opmi_a_00131 · Cited by 9
Tracking Vocal Pitch through Noise: Neural Correlates in Nonprimary Auditory Cortex
Riecke, L., Walter, A., Sorger, B., & Formisano, E. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3450-10.2011 · Cited by 7
Steiner, F., Bobin, M., & Frühholz, S. (2021) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02328-2 · Cited by 7
Neuro-otological syndromes for the neurologist
Overell, J. R. (2004) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2004.053603 · Cited by 7
Jesse, A., & Bartoli, M. (2018) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2018.03.018 · Cited by 7
Neural Correlates of Attention to Human-Made Sounds: An ERP Study
Stavropoulos, K. K. M., & Carver, L. J. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0165745 · Cited by 7
A Neutral Control Condition for Hypnosis Experiments: “Wiki” Text
Varga, K., Kekecs, Z., Myhre, P. S., & Józsa, E. (2017) · International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis · doi:10.1080/00207144.2017.1348833 · Cited by 7
Contextual Distinctiveness Affects the Memory Advantage for Vocal Melodies
Weiss, M. W., Schellenberg, E. G., Peng, C., & Trehub, S. E. (2019) · Auditory Perception & Cognition · doi:10.1080/25742442.2019.1642078 · Cited by 7
fMRI of Language Systems: Methods and Applications
Binder, J. R. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-34665-1_10 · Cited by 7
Representations of personally familiar voices are better resolved in the brain
Kanber, E., Lally, C., Razin, R., Rosi, V., Garrido, L., Lavan, N., & McGettigan, C. (2025) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2025.03.081 · Cited by 6
Yi, J. L. J., Aryadoust, V., Ng, L. Y., & Foo, S. W. L. (2020) · International Journal of Listening · doi:10.1080/10904018.2020.1818565 · Cited by 6
Rinke, P., Schmidt, T., Beier, K., Kaul, R., & Scharinger, M. (2022) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108312 · Cited by 6
Salience of Frequency Micro-modulations in Popular Music
Bürgel, M., & Siedenburg, K. (2023) · Music Perception An Interdisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1525/mp.2023.41.1.1 · Cited by 6
Personality, Ideology, Intelligence, and Self-Rated Strengths
Furnham, A. F., & Ahmetoglu, G. (2014) · Psychology · doi:10.4236/psych.2014.58102 · Cited by 6
Sound-Induced Activity in Voice-Sensitive Cortex Predicts Voice Memory Ability
Watson, R., Latinus, M., Bestelmeyer, P. E. G., Crabbe, F., & Belin, P. (2012) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00089 · Cited by 6
Self-citationEffect of continuous speech and non-speech signals on stuttering frequency in adults who stutter
Dayalu, V. N., Guntupalli, V. K., Kalinowski, J. S., Stuart, A., Saltuklaroglu, T., & Rastatter, M. P. (2011) · Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology · doi:10.3109/14015439.2011.562535 · Cited by 6
Auditory Cortex Processing Streams: Where Are They and What Do They Do?
Zatorre, R. J., & Belin, P. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-23181-1_26 · Cited by 7
Self-citationSidtis, D. V. L., & Zäske, R. (2021) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119184096.ch14 · Cited by 6
A Neural Model Of Object Naming
Plebe, A. (2007) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.1077580 · Cited by 5
A Functional MRI Paradigm for Efficient Mapping of Memory Encoding Across Sensory Conditions
Boenniger, M. M., Diers, K., Herholz, S. C., Shahid, M., Stöcker, T., Breteler, M. M. B., & Huijbers, W. (2021) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2020.591721 · Cited by 5
Contrastive adaptation effects along a voice–nonvoice continuum.
Gao, Z., & Oxenham, A. J. (2024) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/xge0001672 · Cited by 5
Balk, M. H., Kari, H., Kauramäki, J., Ahveninen, J., Sams, M. E., Autti, T. H., & Jääskeläinen, I. P. (2013) · Open Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.13055/ojns_3_1_1.130206 · Cited by 5
Artificial learners of objects and names
Plebe, A., Cruz, V. M. D. L., & Mazzone, M. (2007) · IEEE International Conference on Development and Learning (ICDL) · doi:10.1109/devlrn.2007.4354050 · Cited by 5
Descritores de qualidade vocal soprosa, rugosa e saudável no senso comum
Paz, K. E. D. S., Almeida, A. A., Behlau, M., & Lopes, L. W. (2022) · Audiology - Communication Research · doi:10.1590/2317-6431-2021-2602 · Cited by 5
Perceiving speech from a familiar speaker engages the person identity network
Cordero, G., Paredes, J. R. P., von Kriegstein, K., & Díaz, B. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0322927 · Cited by 4
Prosodic influence in face emotion perception: evidence from functional near-infrared spectroscopy
Becker, K. M., & Rojas, D. C. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-71266-6 · Cited by 4
A 3.5-minute-long reading-based fMRI localizer for the language network
Tuckute, G., Lee, E. J., Sathe, A., & Fedorenko, E. G. (2026) · Imaging Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/imag.a.1246 · Cited by 4
Human Communication Investigated With Magnetoencephalography: Speech, Music, and Gestures
Knösche, T. R., Maeß, B., Nakamura, A., & Friederici, A. D. (2005) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7742(05)68004-x · Cited by 4
Paiement, P., Champoux, F., Bacon, B. A., Lassonde, M. C., Mensour, B., Leroux, J., & Leporé, F. (2009) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.10.023 · Cited by 4
Paiement, P., Champoux, F., Bacon, B. A., Mercier, C., Gagné, J., Lassonde, M. C., & Leporé, F. (2009) · Neurocase · doi:10.1080/13554790802620566 · Cited by 4
Hamid, K. A., Yusoff, A. N., Rahman, M., Mohamad, M., & Hamid, A. (2012) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.2349/biij.8.2.e13 · Cited by 4
Neural correlates of fricative contrasts across language boundaries
Lipski, S. C. (2006) · OPUS Publication Server of the University of Stuttgart (University of Stuttgart) · doi:10.18419/opus-2595 · Cited by 4
Language impairment in temporal lobe epilepsy: insights from a meta-analysis of fMRI studies
Zhang, Z. (2025) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2025.110693 · Cited by 3
Auditory brainstem's sensitivity to human voices
Nan, Y., Skoe, E., Nicol, T. G., & Kraus, N. (2015) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.12.013 · Cited by 3
den Broeck, R. V., Gistelinck, L., Vettori, S., Deferm, W., Vos, S., Bollen, B., Naulaers, G., Ortibus, E., & Boets, B. (2025) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-025-00672-2 · Cited by 5
A Deficit in Face-Voice Integration in Developing Vervet Monkeys Exposed to Ethanol during Gestation
Zangenehpour, S., Javadi, P., Ervin, F. R., Palmour, R. M., & Ptito, M. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0114100 · Cited by 3
Plebe, A., & Cruz, V. M. D. L. (2014) · John Benjamins Publishing Company eBooks · doi:10.1075/z.191.19ple · Cited by 3
Whitehead, J. C., & Armony, J. L. (2022) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.02.011 · Cited by 3
Vanzella, P., Janzen, T. B., Oliveira, G. A., Sato, J. R., & Fraga, F. J. (2022) · Psychology of Music · doi:10.1177/03057356221091598 · Cited by 3
Emotional sounds in space: asymmetrical representation within early-stage auditory areas
Grisendi, T., Clarke, S., & Costa, S. D. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1164334 · Cited by 3
fMRI of Language Systems: Methods and Applications
Binder, J. R. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-10909-6_26 · Cited by 3
Haag, C., & Fresnel, E. (2015) · Organization Management Journal · doi:10.1080/15416518.2014.974731 · Cited by 3
New insights into the neurobiology of language from functional brain imaging
Tremblay, P., Dick, A. S., & Small, S. L. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-0723-2_10 · Cited by 4
Examination of Complementarity in Speech and Emotional Vocalization Perception
Harms, V. L., & Elias, L. J. (2014) · Psychology · doi:10.4236/psych.2014.58098 · Cited by 3
Mécanismes neuronaux pour la communication chez les primates
Sliwa, J., Takahashi, D. Y., & Shepherd, S. V. (2018) · Revue de primatologie · doi:10.4000/primatologie.2950 · Cited by 3
Ishida, O., Kono, T., & Kobayashi, H. (2019) · Journal of Special Education Research · doi:10.6033/specialeducation.7.69 · Cited by 3
Reference and ‘référence dangereuse’ to persons in Kilivila: an overview and a case study
Senft, G. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511486746.014 · Cited by 3
Specificity effects in spoken word recognition and the nature of lexical representations in memory
Strori, D. (2016) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) · Cited by 3
Categorization of vocal and nonvocal stimuli in Guinea baboons (Papio papio)
Ennaji, F.-E., Fagot, J., & Belin, P. (2022) · American Journal of Primatology · doi:10.1002/ajp.23387 · Cited by 2
Self-citationThe Right Temporal Lobe and the Enhancement of Voice Recognition in Congenitally Blind Subjects
Terruzzi, S., Papagno, C., & Gainotti, G. (2023) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci13030431 · Cited by 2
Recognition of brief sounds in rapid serial auditory presentation
Akça, M., Vuoskoski, J. K., Laeng, B., & Bishop, L. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0284396 · Cited by 2
Recognising others: Adaptive changes to person recognition throughout the lifespan
Maguinness, C., & Newell, F. N. (2014) · MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) · Cited by 2
Brück, C., Kreifelts, B., Ethofer, T., & Wildgruber, D. (2013) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511843716.015 · Cited by 2
Bakhos, D., Galvin, J. J., Roux, S., Lescanne, E., & Bruneau, N. (2017) · Ear and Hearing · doi:10.1097/aud.0000000000000475 · Cited by 2
Vocal Timbre Influences Memory for Melodies
Weiss, M. W. (2011) · TSpace (University of Toronto) · Cited by 2
Hesling, I., Labache, L., Joliot, M., & Tzourio‐Mazoyer, N. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/382960 · Cited by 2
Landsiedel, J., & Koldewyn, K. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.03.13.532398 · Cited by 2
Impact of interference on vocal and instrument recognition
Bürgel, M., & Siedenburg, K. (2024) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/10.0028152 · Cited by 1
Functional reorganization of the auditory pathways following late callosotomy
Paiement, P., Champoux, F., Lassonde, M. C., Mensour, B., Leroux, J., Bacon, B. A., & Leporé, F. (2011) · Neurocase · doi:10.1080/13554794.2010.532142 · Cited by 1
O ouvido absoluto não facilita a memorização de melodias쀀
Vanzella, P., Weiss, M. W., Schellenberg, E. G., & Trehub, S. E. (2014) · Cited by 1
Pennisi, A., & Falzone, A. (2016) · Perspectives in pragmatics, psychology & philosophy · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47688-9_9 · Cited by 1
Obliger-Debouche, M., Trapeau, R., Robinet, L., Sein, J., Nazarian, B., Anton, J., Rapha, É., Renaud, L., Ravel, S., & Belin, P. (2025) · Open Research Europe · doi:10.12688/openreseurope.19059.1 · Cited by 1
Self-citationVarvatsoulias, G. (2014) · Psychological Thought · doi:10.5964/psyct.v7i1.98 · Cited by 1
The neural representation of vocalisation perception
Christison-Lagay, K. L., & Cohen, Y. E. (2013) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139003551.019 · Cited by 1
The Impact of Postlaryngectomy Audiovisual Changes on Verbal Communication
Evitts, P. M. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04702-3_28 · Cited by 1
Singh, R. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-8403-5_1 · Cited by 1
Neural and Behavioral Correlates of Auditory Short-Term and Recognition Memory
Poremba, A. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801371-7.00015-6 · Cited by 1
Simulating the acquisition of object names
Plebe, A., Cruz, V. M. D. L., & Mazzone, M. (2007) · Workshop on Cognitive Aspects of Computational Language Learning (CogACLL) · doi:10.3115/1629795.1629803 · Cited by 1
Acquisition of Musical Grammar: Is Adolescence a Sensitive Period?
Cohen, A. J., McFadden, E., & Bailey, B. A. (2005) · Cited by 1
Gous, G. (2017) · Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository) · Cited by 1
Brusa, A., & Proverbio, A. M. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/3tmpf · Cited by 1
Voice patches in the marmoset auditory cortex revealed by wide-field calcium imagingPreprint
Zhang, Y., Song, X., Guo, Y., Chen, C., Osmanski, M. S., & Wang, X. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.02.19.581089 · Cited by 1
The cerebral architecture of voice information processing
Belin, P. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820480-1.00100-5 · Cited by 1
Self-citationVerbal Episodic Processing in NewbornsPreprint
Visibelli, E., Fló, A., Baraldi, E., & Benavides‐Varela, S. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.109096 · Cited by 1
Corrélats neuronaux de l'expertise auditive
Chartrand, J. (2010) · doi:10.71781/19290
Melodic Fission in Trance Music: The Perception of Interleaved Vocal and Non-Vocal Melodies
Atherton, L. J. (2013) · Berkeley Undergraduate Journal · doi:10.5070/b3261016223
Hall, A. J. (2015) · Scholarship@Western (Western University)
Doehrmann, O. (2009) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20090529od
Neural and Behavioral Responses to the Use of Auditory Feedback in Vocal Control
Haweo, C. S. (2009) · Scholars Commons (Wilfrid Laurier University)
Psychoacoustic and neurophysiologic investigations of auditory continuity
Riecke, L. (2009) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20090401lr
The Neural Substrates of Multisensory Speech Perception
Nath, A. R. (2011) · Digital Commons-TMC (Texas Medical Center)
Amoss, R. T. (2022) · Digital Archive @ GSU · doi:10.57709/4867049
Human brain responses to non-verbal audiovisual dynamic stimuli
Puce, A. (2009) · Proceedings of Fechner Day
Miles, B. (2012) · UC Research Repository (University of Canterbury) · doi:10.26021/7540
del Fabro, É., & Desmons, C. (2014) · HAL
The face in your voice–how audiovisual learning benefits vocal communication
Schall, S. (2014) · edoc Publication server (Humboldt University of Berlin) · doi:10.18452/17039
On the Representation of Speaker Information in Human Voices: An Adaptation Approach
Zäske, R. (2011) · Common Library Network (Der Gemeinsame Bibliotheksverbund)
EM BUSCA DE UMA DEFINIÇÃO PARA O FENÔMENO DO OUVIDO ABSOLUTO
Filho, M. (2015)
Exploring the Memory Advantage for Vocal Melodies
Weiss, M. W. (2016) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Gionfriddo, A. (2014) · DalSpace (Dalhousie University)
Metadata
- Authors
- Belin, P., Zatorre, R. J., & Ahad, P.
- Affiliations
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Belin, Pascal
- Venue
- Cognitive Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-02
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 17-26
- ISSN
- 0926-6410 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2154479364
- Cited by
- 452
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 8.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cognitive Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Phonetics and Phonology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Keywords
- voice perception, superior temporal sulcus, primary auditory cortex, speech perception, hemispheric lateralization, temporal lobe, auditory cortex
- MeSH terms
- Acoustic Stimulation, Adult, Female, Fourier Analysis, Humans, Functional Laterality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Phonetics, Sound, Sound Spectrography, Speech Perception, Temporal Lobe, Voice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review