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Cited by 82Asthma and respiratory diseasesAllergic Rhinitis and SensitizationDermatology and Skin Diseases

Consistent effects of high socioeconomic status and low birth order, and the modifying effect of maternal smoking on the risk of allergic disease during childhood

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Lewis, S.A., Britton, J.R.·1998·Respiratory Medicine
DOI 10.1016/s0954-6111(98)90427-9
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Abstract

Birth order, maternal age, gestational age, birth weight, maternal smoking, and social class have all been associated with allergic rhinitis, eczema and asthma in childhood, but the consistency of independent effects of these exposures in relation to all of these allergic conditions has not been investigated. We have compared and contrasted the independent effects of these putative risk factors on parent-reported hayfever, eczema and wheeze by age 16 years and in the past 12 months at age 16 using data from the 1970 British birth cohort. The 1970 British birth cohort comprised all children born in England, Scotland and Wales in one week of April 1970, and follow-up surveys at birth, 5, 10 and 16 years of age involved a cumulative total of 17,427 children. We have used data on over 6000 children with complete data at every stage. Social advantage was a risk factor common to each of wheeze at, and hayfever and eczema at and by age 16. Low birth order was an independent risk factor for eczema and hayfever at age 16, but not for wheeze. However, wheeze at age 16 was significantly increased in relation to maternal smoking, with a significant interaction such that the effect of smoking was greatest in those of high birth order and, in the absence of maternal smoking, low birth order was a risk factor for wheeze at age 16. Social advantage and low birth order appear to be the independently consistent determinants of atopic disease. Maternal smoking is an additional risk factor for wheeze, which applies primarily in low socioeconomic groups.

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  • A positive association between hay fever and high social class was later reported in the British 1958 and 1970 cohorts and in a Swedish survey of conscripts born from 1952 to 1977.

    “The positive association between hay fever and high social class was later reported in the British 1958 and 1970 cohorts,607,608 as well as a Swedish survey of conscripts born from 1952 to 1977.609”

    From International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis (2018) · cites this paper as [608]

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Butler NR, Golding J. From Birth to Five. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1986.
  2. Wright AL, Holberg CJ, Martinez FD, Morgan WJ, Taussig LM. Breast feeding and lower respiratory tract illness in the first year of life. Br Med J 1989; 299: 946-949.

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Authors
Lewis, S. A., & Britton, J. R.
Affiliations
University of Nottingham (GB)
ORCID
Venue
Respiratory Medicine
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1998-10
Volume
92
Issue
10
Pages
1237-1244
ISSN
0954-6111 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s0954-6111(98)90427-9
OpenAlex
W2104400091
Cited by
82
References
42
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
FWCI
2.66
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Respiratory Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • University of Bristol
  • Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Asthma and respiratory diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
Keywords
birth order, socioeconomic status, maternal smoking, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, wheezing, childhood allergic diseases, atopic diseases, social class, risk factor interactions
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Birth Order, Child, Child, Preschool, Dermatitis, Atopic, Female, United Kingdom, Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal, Humans, Hypersensitivity, Immediate, Male, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Respiratory Sounds, Risk Factors, Social Class, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Cohort Studies

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