The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Modulation of memory storage
Abstract
For several decades, the concept of modulation of memory storage has significantly influenced research investigating neurobiological memory mechanisms. New evidence provides additional support for the view that stress hormones released during emotionally arousing situations modulate memory processes. Recent experiments have investigated the role of sympathetic adrenomedullary hormones in emotional memory in humans, as well as the role of adrenocortical hormones, primarily in animal studies. Further, it is becoming increasingly clear that the sympathetic adrenomedullary and the pituitary adrenocortical systems interact to modulate memory storage. Other new evidence emphasizes the role of peripheral influences to the brain on emotional memory, as well as the critical contribution of the amygdaloid complex in modulation of memory by emotional arousal.
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In the citing paper
“By contrast, acute mild stress exposure has no effect on or can actually improve the memory consolidation functions of the hippocampus and the amygdala35,36.”
From Stress signalling pathways that impair prefrontal cortex structure and function (2009) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“In contrast to the impairments in dlPFC working memory, an earlier study showed that watching an upsetting video enhanced the memory consolidation of the emotionally charged events in the film34.”
From Stress weakens prefrontal networks: molecular insults to higher cognition (2015) · cites this paper as [34]
In the citing paper
“This improvement in memory consolidation correlated with increased activity in the amygdala while the subject watched the video34.”
From Stress weakens prefrontal networks: molecular insults to higher cognition (2015) · cites this paper as [34]
Citations
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Items 201–236 of 236
Brockman, R. (2011) · Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychiatry · doi:10.1521/jaap.2011.39.2.285 · Cited by 5
“…that with each response, it becomes easier to generate a subsequent response until the point where the full psychological and physiological responses are generated in the absence of any apparent stimuli (Cahill, 1996; Cahill & McGaugh, 1996; Conrad, Magarinos, LeDoux, & McEwan, 1999; McEwan, 2007).”
BackgroundEVALUACIÓN DE LA MEMORIA DECLARATIVA ASOCIADA CON CONTENIDO EMOCIONAL EN PACIENTES LOBECTOMIZADOS
Oliveira, S. B. D., Prada, L., Cotes, C., Franky, J., & Tomaz, C. (2008) · doi:10.14349/rlp.v40i2.414 · Cited by 5
“1995; Cahill & McGaugh, 1996; Conde, Prada, Martínez, Botelho & Tomaz, 2008; Frank & Tomaz, 2000; Heuer & Reisberg, 1990), como con pacientes con lobectomía temporal unilateral (Adolphs, Tranel & Denburg, 2000; Frank, Arruda & Tomaz, 2001; Frank & Tomaz, 2003; Boucsein, Weniger, Mursh, Steinhoff &…”
How Psychiatric Conditions Were Made
Fábrega, H. (2007) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1521/psyc.2007.70.2.130 · Cited by 5
“…cingulate cortex, orbital and inferomedial frontal cortex, and parietal lobe, just as there exist many memory systems with diverse neural representation and modulation (Cahill & McGaugh, 1996; Posner, 2004; Norman and Shallice, 1986; Posner and Fan, 2004; Schacter, 1996; Squire & Kandel, 1999).”
BackgroundAbe, K., Noguchi, K., & Saitō, H. (1998) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(98)00233-x · Cited by 6
Epinephrine Modulates Memory of Latent Learning in an Inhibitory Avoidance Task.
Liang, K.-C., & Chen, D.-Y. (2021) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107447 · Cited by 4
Retrograde enhancement of episodic learning by a postlearning stimulusPreprint
Quintanilla, J., Cox, B. M., Gall, C. M., Mahler, S. V., & LYNCH, G. S. (2021) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.052191.120 · Cited by 5
“…facilitation of operant learning via a diverse array of pharmacological treatments and brain manipulations is a well-established phenomenon (Cahill and McGaugh 1996; McGaugh et al. 1996; Okuda et al. 2004) that in some cases involves norepinephrine acting on the amygdala (LaLumiere et al.…”
Cognitive and Stimulus–Response Habit Functions of the Neo-(Dorsal) Striatum
Devan, B. D., Chaban, N., Piscopello, J., Deibel, S. H., & McDonald, R. J. (2016) · Innovations in cognitive neuroscience · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-42743-0_18 · Cited by 2
Chappel-Farley, M. G., Adams, J. N., Betzel, R. F., Sattari, N. S., Berisha, D. E., Meza, N. J., Janecek, J. T., Niknazar, H., Kim, S., Dave, A., et al. (2025) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaf117 · Cited by 4
“For decades, researchers have investigated the factors that determine which memories endure while others fade; a wealth of research points to the important role of emotional valence in memory persistence [1].”
Gamma Oscillations and Emotional MemoryPreprint
Luther, L., de Voogd, L. D., Hagenaars, M., & Jensen, O. (2022) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.02.02.478869 · Cited by 3
“Memories for arousing events are typically well-remembered (Bradley et al., 1992; Cahill & McGaugh, 1996; Hermans et al., 2011; Schacter, 1999).”
BackgroundWass, S. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/n6fjm · Cited by 3
“…increased short-term stress is associated with decreased voluntary control of attention, it simultaneously enhances processes dependent on subcortical structures, such as basic memory consolidation, habit formation and fear conditioning (Cahill & McGaugh, 1996; Luethi, Meier, & Sandi, 2009).”
BackgroundThe Possible Role of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Beta-1-Adrenoceptors in Morphine-Induced Amnesia
Torkaman‐Boutorabi, A., Hashemi-Hezaveh, S.-M., Sheidadoust, H., & Zarrindast, M. (2014) · Pharmacology · doi:10.1159/000362282 · Cited by 4
Falon, S. L., Jobson, L., & Liddell, B. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0295301 · Cited by 2
“In particular, numerous studies suggest that experiences of acute stress and fluctuations in adrenal stress hormones during the early stages of consolidation culminate in an enhanced memory for the centralised features of emotional images after a one-week interval [71, 72, 88, 89].”
BackgroundDziarnowska, W., Orhun, M., Zhu, Y.-N., Kohn, N., Fernández, G., & Jafarian, M. (2026) · bioRxiv · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2026.1794170 · Cited by 1
“Emotional experiences are often remembered more vividly than neutral ones, shaping how individuals perceive and interact with the world (Cahill and McGaugh, 1996; LaBar and Cabeza, 2006).”
Meese, W. B. (2025) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/10888683251403209 · Cited by 2
“…suggests that propranolol, a beta-blocker, might downregulate defensive arousal because it returns physiological indicators to baseline after a threat and simultaneously reduces resistance to and affective processing of threatening stimuli (Cahill & McGaugh, 1996; Van Stegeren et al., 1998).”
McDonald, R., Hong, N. S., Germaine, C., & Kolb, B. (2023) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1187976 · Cited by 1
Josse, É., & Lapcevic, S. (2022) · HEGEL - HEpato-GastroEntérologie Libérale · doi:10.3917/heg.122.0091 · Cited by 2
Time as a Measure of Consciousness. Subjective Time in Waking and Different Sleep Phases
Ukraintseva, Y. V., Liaukovich, K. M., & Shilov, M. O. (2021) · Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology · doi:10.1007/s11055-021-01123-0 · Cited by 1
Preferences in Recall of Pleasant and Unpleasant Images
Kumar, M., Ranjan, R., Bhushan, B., & Sameer, A. (2017) · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-3521-0_59 · Cited by 1
Martinez, J. L., Meilandt, W. J., Peng, H., & Barea-Rodriguez, E. J. (2006) · Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science · doi:10.1002/0470018860.s00442 · Cited by 1
De neurobiologie van emotioneel geheugen
Wessel, I. (1998) · Neuropraxis · doi:10.1007/bf03070922 · Cited by 1
Ukraintseva, Y. V., Liaukovich, K. M., & Shilov, M. O. (2020) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro202012009213
Brain Pathways of Traumatic Memory: Evidence from an Animal Model of PTSD
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The Truth About Memory and Identity
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Cognitive Enhancement and Personal Identity
Gligorov, N. (2016) · Studies in brain and mind · doi:10.1007/978-94-024-0965-9_4 · Cited by 1
Pharmacological Treatment for Cognitive Disorders of Neurovascular Origin
Flanagan, S. R., & Gordon, W. A. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-70715-0_18 · Cited by 1
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Misinformation effect on memory for emotional events: how susceptible are our memories?
Neufeld, C., Brust, P. G., & Stein, L. M. (2008) · Psicologia em Estudo · doi:10.1590/s1413-73722008000300015
“Os nossos resultados indicam que, apesar de as MVs aparentemente terem sido auxiliadas pela emocionalidade do evento, a memória não ficou imune a erros e distorções.”
MethodThe Emotion-Memory Link: Do Memorability Annotations Matter for Intelligent Systems?
Tsfasman, M., Ghorbani, R., Jonker, C., & Dudzik, B. (2025) · arXiv.org · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2507.14084
“While prior work has examined emotion’s role in individual memory encoding [6], [7], [9], our study explicitly considers group dynamics, a key factor in real-world settings like meetings and collaborative tasks [28]–[30].”
InfluentialPsychothérapie de la dissociation et du trauma
Smith, J. (2021) · Dunod eBooks · doi:10.3917/dunod.smith.2021.01.0357
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Adler, M. A. (2020) · Oregon Undergraduate Research Journal · doi:10.5399/uo/ourj/17.1.2
Calfa, G. D., Giachero, M., & Molina, V. A. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-53126-7_17
de la Tremblaye, P. B. (2016) · uO Research (University of Ottawa) · doi:10.20381/ruor-5842 · Cited by 1
Huff, M. L. (2016) · doi:10.17077/etd.mvqi2sbf
“The BLA in particular is critical for mediating the effects of emotional arousal on memory consolidation (Cahill and McGaugh, 1996, 1998).”
BackgroundEfecto del estrés prenatal en el aprendizaje y memoria espacial en la rata
Aguilera, M. D. L. Á. G. (2012) · doi:10.24275/uami.0r967389h
Gold, P. E., & Mcgaugh, J. (2001) · doi:10.1016/b0-08-043076-7/03553-1
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Cahill, L., & McGaugh, J. L.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cahill, Larry
- McGaugh, James L
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Neurobiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1996-04
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 237-242
- ISSN
- 0959-4388 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2022694793
- Cited by
- 301
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 2.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Neurobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH12526)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- memory modulation, memory storage, emotional memory, stress hormones, sympathoadrenal system, adrenal cortex hormones, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, amygdala, emotional arousal
- MeSH terms
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Amygdala, Animals, Brain, Catecholamines, Glucose, Humans, Memory, Peripheral Nerves
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