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Assessment of factors affecting the validity of self-reported health-risk behavior among adolescents: evidence from the scientific literature
Abstract
We reviewed the existing empirical literature to assess cognitive and situational factors that may affect the validity of adolescents' self-reports of alcohol and other drug use, tobacco use, behaviors related to unintentional injuries and violence, dietary behaviors, physical activity, and sexual behavior. Specifically, we searched for peer-reviewed journal articles published in 1980 or later that examined the factors affecting self-report of the six categories of behavior listed above. We also searched for studies describing objective measures for each behavior. Self-reports of each of six types of health-risk behaviors are affected by both cognitive and situational factors. These factors, however, do not threaten the validity of self-reports of each type of behavior equally. The importance of assessing health-risk behaviors as part of research activities involving adolescents necessitates the use of self-report measures. Researchers should familiarize themselves with the threats to validity inherent in this type of assessment and design research that minimizes these threats as much as possible.
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“we ensured privacy and gave participants self-administered computerized assessments. The use of such techniques shows reliability and validity for self-report (Brener, Billy, & Grady, 2003).”
From Understanding the Role of Alcohol, Anxiety, and Trait Mindfulness in the Perpetration of Physical and Sexual Dating Violence in Emerging Adults. (2018) · cites this paper as Brener, Billy, & Grady, 2003
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“However, despite the potential for reporting biases, self-report data appear quite reliable in the areas of substance use (Brener et al. 2003), age of initiation (Johnson and Mott 2001) and violent and delinquent behavior.”
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Wendt, A. T., Machado, A. K. F., Costa, C. S., Rachadel, D., Crochemore‐Silva, I., Brazo‐Sayavera, J., Hembecker, P. K., & Ricardo, L. I. C. (2023) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.1761 · Cited by 5
“51 Despite this limitation, we assessed data from a representative sample of Brazilian students attending public or private schools in WENDT ET AL .”
MethodWoodson, L. L., Saldivar, A. G., Brown, H. E., Magrath, P. A., Farland, L. V., Blas, M. M., & Madhivanan, P. (2024) · Culture Health & Sexuality · doi:10.1080/13691058.2024.2308666 · Cited by 5
“Because interviews focused on sensitive topics, such as SRH, participants may have underreported sexual behaviours because of confidentiality concerns and reluctance to disclose potentially embarrassing personal information (Brener, Billy, and Grady 2003).”
Abogazalah, N., Yiannoutsos, C. T., Soto-Rojas, A. E., Bindayel, N. A., Yepes, J. F., & Martinez-Mier, E. A. (2024) · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance · doi:10.2196/53585 · Cited by 5
“…underreport their OP due to a perception that admitting to pain could lead to restrictions on their soft drink consumption by parents or guardians [41], which in turn may have resulted in the apparent association of increased soft drink consumption with lower OP and better SROH status, which goes…”
Sutharson, P., Maaskant, J. M., & Eskes, A. M. (2025) · International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances · doi:10.1016/j.ijnsa.2025.100303 · Cited by 7
“Other factors thought to be particularly influential in social desirability bias are the presence of others while responding to questions and the re-spondent ’ s perception of the level of privacy or confidentiality (Brener, Billy and Grady, 2003).”
When Couples Disagree: Predicting Informant Differences in Adults’ Emotion Regulation
Pu, D. F., Rodriguez, C. M., & Baker, L. R. (2019) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-019-01401-z · Cited by 5
“In the case of youth, many assume that children’s self-reports are compromised because they may be developmentally unable or unwilling to provide accurate and meaningful data about themselves (Brener et al. 2003; Measelle et al. 2005).”
BackgroundExamination of college student health behaviors and self-reported executive functions
McGrath, A. B., Weinstock, J., Cloutier, R. M., Christensen, M. R., Taylor, D. J., & Henderson, C. E. (2021) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2021.1904951 · Cited by 5
Assaultive trauma, alcohol use, and alcohol‐related consequences among American Indian adolescents
Spillane, N. S., Nalven, T., Goldstein, S. C., Schick, M. R., Kirk‐Provencher, K. T., Jamil, A., & Weiss, N. H. (2022) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.14819 · Cited by 5
Building Machine Learning Models to Correct Self-Reported Anthropometric Measures
An, R., & Ji, M. (2023) · Journal of Public Health Management and Practice · doi:10.1097/phh.0000000000001769 · Cited by 5
Daoust, R., Paquet, J., Chauny, J., Williamson, D. R., Huard, V., Arbour, C., Émond, M., Rouleau, D. M., & Cournoyer, A. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069230 · Cited by 5
Das, S., Sheykhfard, A., Liu, J., & Khan, M. N. (2023) · International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.ijtst.2023.06.002 · Cited by 7
Vergara, F. A., Fischer, A., Seuring, T., de Beaufort, C. E., Fagherazzi, G., & Aguayo, G. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068264 · Cited by 8
Wang, X., Peng, P., Liu, Y., Yang, W. F. Z., Chen, S., Wang, Y., Yang, Q., Li, M., Wang, Y., Hao, Y., et al. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05260-3 · Cited by 5
“…survey used convenience sampling and all the data were self-reported, which might have led to report bias; however, this might have been mitigated by the anonymity of the participants, as studies have shown that data from responders can be valid and reliable when their privacy is protected [86].”
BackgroundBaiden, P., Azasu, E., LaBrenz, C. A., Baiden, J. F., Gobodzo, E. C., Mets, V. E., & Broni, M. N. (2023) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107351 · Cited by 6
Kochvar, A. P., Liu, Y., Munafo, M. R., Xu, Z., & Dai, H. D. (2023) · Tobacco Prevention & Cessation · doi:10.18332/tpc/173556 · Cited by 5
“First, children are prone to response bias when asked about NCP subjects such as nicotine product use due to social desirability bias, though test-retest reliability for self-reported NCP use in adolescents is strong 35 .”
Xie, X., Munos, M. K., Lama, T. P., Bryce, E., Khatry, S. K., LeClerq, S. C., & Katz, J. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079029 · Cited by 5
Leveraging mHealth Technologies for Public Health
Velmovitsky, P. E., Kirolos, M., Alencar, P., Leatherdale, S. T., Cowan, D., & Morita, P. P. (2024) · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance · doi:10.2196/49719 · Cited by 7
Hu, J., Peng, C., Xu, Z., Cheng, J., Rong, F., Wang, Y., Zhang, N., Guan, M., & Yu, Y. (2025) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2024.12.027 · Cited by 5
Chapman, R. L., & Sheehan, M. C. (2005) · Centre for Accident Research & Road Safety - Qld (CARRS-Q); Faculty of Health; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation · Cited by 5
Othieno, C., Babigumira, J. B., & Richardson, B. A. (2015) · BMC Women s Health · doi:10.1186/s12905-015-0237-7 · Cited by 5
“In this case, truthfulness and accuracy of our selfreported HIV data may be compromised because some health risks, such as HIV, are so sensitive that respondents may not want to accurately report them [40].”
BackgroundValidation of Colorectal Cancer Screening Behaviors
Zapka, J. G. (2008) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-0179 · Cited by 5
“Epidemiologic, behavioral intervention, and health services research are challenged by the need to develop valid, reliable measures of multiple health behaviors (21-23).”
BackgroundAssociations Among Text Messaging, Academic Performance, and Sexual Behaviors of Adolescents
Perry, R. C. W., Braun, R., Cantu, M., Dudovitz, R., Sheoran, B., & Chung, P. J. (2013) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.12115 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Brener, N. D., Billy, J. O. G., & Grady, W. R.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Battelle (US)
- Corresponding author
- Brener, Nancy D
- ORCID
- Brener, Nancy D
- Venue
- Journal of Adolescent Health
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-12
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 436-457
- ISSN
- 1054-139X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2087261951
- Cited by
- 1,331
- References
- 108
- Citations by year
- 2026: 43 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 74 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 76 · 2018: 88 · 2017: 82 · 2016: 91 · 2015: 113 · 2014: 87 · 2013: 86 · 2012: 55
- FWCI
- 3.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Adolescent Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Adolescent Health and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- self-report validity, adolescent health risk behaviors, alcohol consumption, drug use, tobacco use, unintentional injuries, violence, dietary behavior, physical activity, sexual behavior, cognitive factors, situational factors, objective measures
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Alcoholism, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Risk-Taking, Self-Assessment, Sexual Behavior, Tobacco Use Disorder, Violence, Substance-Related Disorders
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