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Open accessAbstract
The establishment and maintenance of immunological tolerance entails both central and peripheral mechanisms. The latter have been highlighted in the past several years, mostly because of great interest in the activities of regulatory T cells. However, an important role for central tolerance mechanisms has been reemphasized by recent results on human autoimmune diseases, including APECED and type 1 diabetes.
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“However, true pathogenic antigens causing the breakdown have not been identified for many autoimmune diseases, including RA and other tissue-specific disorders (229–231).”
From IL-6 in inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer (2021) · cites this paper as [231]
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Pathogenic CD8 T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Experimental Models
Huseby, E. S., Huseby, P. G., Shah, S., Smith, R. L., & Stadinski, B. D. (2012) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2012.00064 · Cited by 87
“Many of these self-reactive T cells are purged during negative selection, due to the expression of the self protein within the thymus by dendritic cells or medullary thymic epithelial cells (Kappler et al., 1987; Kisielow et al., 1988; Mathis and Benoist, 2004; Kyewski and Klein, 2006).”
BackgroundMurakami, M., Okuyama, Y., Ogura, H., Asano, S., Arima, Y., Tsuruoka, M., Harada, M., Kanamoto, M., Sawa, Y., Iwakura, Y., et al. (2011) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20100900 · Cited by 100
“It is clear that the recognition of specific antigens by autoreactive T cells contributes to the tissue specificity of several autoimmune diseases (Marrack et al., 2001; Mathis and Benoist, 2004).”
InfluentialBack to the Thymus: Peripheral T Cells Come Home
Hale, J., & Fink, P. (2008) · Immunology and Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/icb.2008.87 · Cited by 98
Modulation of Immune Cell Functions by the E3 Ligase Cbl-b
Lutz‐Nicoladoni, C., Wolf, D. G. F., & Sopper, S. (2015) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2015.00058 · Cited by 93
“Autoimmunity is mainly averted through central tolerance by negative selection of thymocytes carrying TCR for self-antigens (43, 44).”
BackgroundWiles, T. A., Delong, T., Baker, R. L., Bradley, B., Barbour, G., Powell, R. L., Reisdorph, N. A., & HASKINS, K. M. (2016) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2016.10.007 · Cited by 95
The role of regulatory T cells in alloantigen tolerance
Aluvihare, V. R., & Betz, A. G. (2006) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2006.00408.x · Cited by 88
Correction of murine hemophilia A by hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy.
Hawley, R., Moayeri, M., & Hawley, T. (2005) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1182/blood.v106.11.1291.1291 · Cited by 86
Vitali, C., Mingozzi, F., Broggi, A., Barresi, S., Zolezzi, F., Bayry, J., Raimondi, G., Zanoni, I., & Granucci, F. (2012) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2011-09-379776 · Cited by 83
Dendritic cells: vehicles for tolerance induction and prevention of autoimmune diseases.
van Duivenvoorde, L. V., van Mierlo, G. V., Boonman, Z., & Toes, R. (2006) · Immunobiology · doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2006.05.014 · Cited by 78
Jiang, Q., Su, H., Knudsen, G. T., Helms, W. S., & Su, L. (2006) · BMC Immunology · doi:10.1186/1471-2172-7-6 · Cited by 71
“In addition, T cells with suppressive activity are generated in the thymus to regulate peripheral immunity [1,2].”
BackgroundTNF receptor family signaling in the development and functions of medullary thymic epithelial cells
Akiyama, T., Shinzawa, M., & Akiyama, N. (2012) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2012.00278 · Cited by 70
“Several studies suggest that mTECs are involved in negative selection, thereby preventing the onset of autoimmune diseases (Mathis and Benoist, 2004; Kyewski and Klein, 2006; Anderson et al., 2007; Klein et al., 2009).”
BackgroundYi, W., Seth, N. P., Martillotti, T., Wucherpfennig, K. W., Sant’Angelo, D. B., & Denzin, L. K. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci40220 · Cited by 73
Glisic-Milosavljevic, S., Waukau, J., Jailwala, P., Jana, S., KHOO, H., Albertz, H., Woodliff, J. E., Koppen, M., Alemzadeh, R., Hagopian, W., et al. (2007) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000146 · Cited by 75
“. Considerable progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders since then, but not enough to prevent or reverse the disease. The abrogation of central and peripheral tolerance underpins the genesis of all autoimmune diseases”
BackgroundBreaking tolerance in cancer immunotherapy: time to ACT
Overwijk, W. W. (2005) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.coi.2005.01.011 · Cited by 63
Silva, D. G., Daley, S. R., Hogan, J. J., Lee, S. K., Teh, C. E., Hu, D. Y., Lam, K., Goodnow, C. C., & Vinuesa, C. G. (2011) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db10-1344 · Cited by 71
“T-cell tolerance mechanisms normally prevent autoimmune diabetes in mice and humans (1,2), and T cell–directed treatment with antiCD3 monoclonal antibodies slows the loss of insulin production in the 1st year after diabetes diagnosis (3).”
Fierabracci, A. (2011) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2010.08.019 · Cited by 67
Ashour, H., & Niederkorn, J. (2006) · Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.176.10.5950 · Cited by 63
Miska, J. M., Abdulreda, M. H., Devarajan, P., Lui, J. B., Suzuki, J., Pileggi, A., Berggren, P., & Chen, Z. (2014) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20130785 · Cited by 64
“In these disorders, defective central tolerance (Mathis and Benoist, 2004) and peripheral regulation (Josefowicz et al.”
BackgroundPöntynen, N., Miettinen, A., Arstila, T., Kämpe, O., Alimohammadi, M., Vaarala, O., Peltonen, L., & Ulmanen, I. (2006) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2006.06.001 · Cited by 62
Tolerance induction by bone marrow transplantation in a multiple sclerosis model.
Herrmann, M., Gaertner, S., Stadelmann, C., van den Brandt, J. V. D., Böscke, R., Budach, W., Reichardt, H., & Weissert, R. (2005) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2004-12-4607 · Cited by 61
Ashour, H., & Niederkorn, J. (2006) · Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.177.12.8331 · Cited by 60
Transcriptional basis of lymphocyte tolerance
Borde, M., Barrington, R. A., Heissmeyer, V., Carroll, M. C., & Rao, A. (2006) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2006.00370.x · Cited by 46
Sjögren's syndrome (SjS)-like disease of mice: the importance of B lymphocytes and autoantibodies.
Nguyen, C. Q., Cha, S., & Peck, A. (2007) · Frontiers in Bioscience · doi:10.2741/2187 · Cited by 54
“This would result in circumvention of clonal deletion and/or selftolerance (188, 189).”
BackgroundMurakami, M., & Hirano, T. (2011) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2011.00022 · Cited by 53
“TISSUE-SPECIFIC MHC CLASS II-ASSOCIATED AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES AND ANTIGEN-RECOGNITIONS BY CD4+ T CELLS It has been proposed that autoimmune diseases are caused by a breakdown of self-tolerance due to multiple genetic and/or environmental factors (Marrack et al., 2001; Mathis and Benoist, 2004), suggesting the dysregulat…”
InfluentialThe Role of Dendritic Cells in Central Tolerance
Oh, J., & Shin, J. (2015) · Immune Network · doi:10.4110/in.2015.15.3.111 · Cited by 66
Apoptotic signal transduction and T cell tolerance
Gatzka, M., & Walsh, C. M. (2007) · Autoimmunity · doi:10.1080/08916930701464962 · Cited by 48
Tolerogenic dendritic cells: molecular and cellular mechanisms in transplantation
Švajger, U., & Rožman, P. J. (2013) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.0613336 · Cited by 59
Tracking Humoral Responses Using Self Assembling Protein Microarrays
Ramachandran, N., Anderson, K. S., Raphael, J. V., Hainsworth, E., Sibani, S., Montor, W., Pacek, M., Wong, J., Eljanne, M., Sanda, M. G., et al. (2008) · PROTEOMICS - Clinical Applications · doi:10.1002/prca.200800034 · Cited by 47
“For example, type 1 diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM) is an autoimmune disease targeting pancreatic insulin-secreting beta cells, leading to inadequate insulin secretion, hyperglycemia, and ketoacidosis [12, 13].”
Ltβr Signaling Does Not Regulate Aire-Dependent Transcripts in Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cells1
Martins, V., Boehm, T., & Bleul, C. (2008) · Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.181.1.400 · Cited by 47
The biophysical and biochemical properties of the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) protein.
Perniola, R., & Musco, G. (2014) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.11.020 · Cited by 46
D’Alise, A. M., Ergün, A., Hill, J. A., Mathis, D. J., & Benoist, C. O. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1105364108 · Cited by 39
Self-citationBreaking Ignorance: The Case of the Brain
Wekerle, H. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/3-540-29714-6_2 · Cited by 50
“They may include physical deletionof freshly emerging self-reactiveT cell clones, but generation of regulatory T cells is another viable possibility (Mathis and Benoist 2004).”
BackgroundThymus‐resident memory CD 8+ T cells mediate local immunity
Hofmann, M., Oschowitzer, A., Kurzhals, S. R., Krüger, C. C., & Pircher, H. (2013) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.201343519 · Cited by 46
“Therefore, the expression of antigen within the thymus has to be tightly controlled [12].”
BackgroundRegulation of peripheral T cell tolerance by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b
Loeser, S., & Penninger, J. M. (2007) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2007.02.004 · Cited by 43
Role of regulatory T-cells in autoimmunity
Mellanby, R. J., Thomas, D., & Lamb, J. R. (2009) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20080200 · Cited by 42
The thymus as a target for mycobacterial infections.
Nobrega, C., Cardona, P., Roque, S., Perpétua Pinto Do, O., Appelberg, R., & Correia-Neves, M. (2007) · Microbes and infection · doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2007.08.006 · Cited by 44
“Thymic selection aims at generating a pool of useful T cells: T cells whose T cells receptors are able to recognize and become activated when interacting with self major histocompatibility complex molecules (MHC) expressing foreign peptides (self-restricted), but that are tolerant to self-MHC molecules expressing self…”
BackgroundFormation of Human Neuroblastoma in Mouse-Human Neural Crest Chimeras
Cohen, M. A., Zhang, S., Sengupta, S., Ma, H., Bell, G. W., Horton, B. L., Sharma, B., George, R. E., Spranger, S., & Jaenisch, R. (2020) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2020.02.001 · Cited by 47
“Immune tolerance may develop because of central thymic tolerance or because of peripheral tolerance (Mathis and Benoist, 2004; Xing and Hogquist, 2012).”
BackgroundThe vicious cycle of apoptotic β‐cell death in type 1 diabetes
Kaminitz, A., Stein, J., Yaniv, I., & Askenasy, N. (2007) · Immunology and Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/sj.icb.7100093 · Cited by 44
Soheili, H., Abolhassani, H., Arandi, N., Khazaei, H., Shahinpour, S., Hirbod‐Mobarakeh, A., Rezaei, N., & Aghamohammadi, A. (2012) · International Archives of Allergy and Immunology · doi:10.1159/000339867 · Cited by 38
Tolerance to Proinsulin-2 Is Due to Radioresistant Thymic Cells1
Faideau, B., Lotton, C., Lucas, B., Tardivel, I., Elliott, J., Boitard, C., & Carel, J. (2006) · Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.177.1.53 · Cited by 38
Dendritic Cell-Based Tumor Vaccines and Antigen Presentation Attenuators
Evel-Kabler, K., & Chen, S. (2006) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2006.02.009 · Cited by 32
“There are many explanations for the ineffectiveness of DC tumor vaccines, including inefficient antigen loading methods; DC maturation state and trafficking ability; the heterogeneous nature of DC populations; tumor antigen mutations; tumor-mediated immunosuppression; self-tolerance of autoreactive, low-avidity T cell…”
BackgroundImmunological memory stabilizing autoreactivity.
Manz, R., Moser, K., Burmester, G., Radbruch, A., & Hiepe, F. (2006) · Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology · doi:10.1007/3-540-29714-6_12 · Cited by 34
“Autoimmune diseases affecting humans and animals are genetically complex [1, 2].”
BackgroundToll-like receptors and IFN-α: partners in autoimmunity
Colonna, M. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci29879 · Cited by 34
Inhibition of HLA-DM Mediated MHC Class II Peptide Loading by HLA-DO Promotes Self Tolerance
Denzin, L. K. (2013) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2013.00465 · Cited by 31
“CD4 T cells are immunologically tolerant of self-pMHCII complexes since inappropriate T cell activation contributes to the development of autoimmune disease (1).”
BackgroundMowat, A. M., & Garside, P. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470688618.taw0101 · Cited by 8
Peripheral T cells in the thymus: have they just lost their way or do they do something?
Bosco, N., Kirberg, J., Ceredig, R., & Agenès, F. (2009) · Immunology and Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/icb.2008.83 · Cited by 28
Geenen, V. G., Bodart, G., Henry, S., Michaux, H., Dardenne, O., Charlet-Renard, C., Martens, H., & Hober, D. (2013) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2013.00187 · Cited by 31
Danzl, N., Donlin, L. T., & Alexandropoulos, K. (2010) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20092384 · Cited by 27
“, 2008), it has been proposed that extensive interactions between mTECs and thymocytes are required for establishment of central tolerance (Kyewski and Klein, 2006; Mathis and Benoist, 2004).”
BackgroundImmune Tolerance Induction by Integrating Innate and Adaptive Immune Regulators
Suzuki, J., Ricordi, C., & Chen, Z. (2010) · Cell Transplantation · doi:10.3727/096368909x480314 · Cited by 25
Mechanisms That Regulate Peripheral Immune Responses to Control Organ-Specific Autoimmunity
Hoyne, G. F. (2011) · Clinical and Developmental Immunology · doi:10.1155/2011/294968 · Cited by 24
Use of Anti‐CD3 Monoclonal Antibody to Induce Immune Regulation in Type 1 Diabetes
Bisikirska, B. C., & Herold, K. C. (2004) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1337.001 · Cited by 26
Hoyer, K., Wolslegel, K., Dooms, H., & Abbas, A. (2007) · Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.179.5.2844 · Cited by 25
Fornari, T. A., Donate, P. B., Macedo, C., Marques, M. M., Magalhães, D. A., & Passos, G. A. S. (2010) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s11010-010-0464-z · Cited by 26
The thymus and the science of self
Geenen, V. (2021) · Seminars in Immunopathology · doi:10.1007/s00281-020-00831-y · Cited by 23
Ysmail-Dahlouk, L., Nouari, W., & Aribi, M. (2016) · Immunology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2016.10.002 · Cited by 33
Diabetes Is Predicted by the β Cell Level of Autoantigen1
Byersdorfer, C., Schweitzer, G., & Unanue, E. (2005) · Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.175.7.4347 · Cited by 23
Determinants of immunogenic response to protein therapeutics
Singh, S. K., Cousens, L. P., Álvarez, D., & Mahajan, P. B. (2012) · Biologicals · doi:10.1016/j.biologicals.2012.06.001 · Cited by 26
Read, S., Hogan, T., Zwar, T. D., Gleeson, P., & van Driel, I. (2007) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.05.050 · Cited by 22
Metadata
- Authors
- Mathis, D., & Benoist, C.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Benoist, Christophe
- Venue
- Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-05
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 509-516
- ISSN
- 1074-7613 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2047784036
- Cited by
- 198
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 2.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 3364 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
- Keywords
- central tolerance, peripheral tolerance, immune tolerance, regulatory T cells, autoimmune disease, APECED, type 1 diabetes, autoimmunity
- MeSH terms
- AIRE Protein, Animals, Autoimmune Diseases, Cell Differentiation, Humans, Immune Tolerance, Lymphocyte Activation, T-Lymphocytes, Thymus Gland, Transcription Factors
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