Mouse allergens in urban elementary schools and homes of children with asthma
Open accessAbstract
Background The association between allergens in schools and childhood asthma has not been well studied, particularly in the United States.Objective To investigate allergen exposure in schools compared with homes with a specific focus on children with asthma.Methods Dust samples were collected from 46 rooms in 4 urban elementary schools (northeastern United States) and from 38 student bedrooms. Samples were analyzed for cat (Fel d 1), dog (Can f 1), cockroach (Bla g 2), dust mites (Der f 1/Der p 1), and mouse urinary protein (MUP). Questionnaires identified students with physician-diagnosed asthma.Results Cat and dog allergens were detectable in most school samples (96% and 78%, respectively), but at low levels. Cockroach allergen was detectable in only 11% of school samples. Mouse allergen was detectable in 89% of school samples, with 68% having MUP levels greater than 0.5 microg/g. In contrast, MUP was detectable in only 26% of bedroom samples. Matched classroom and home samples from 23 asthmatic students showed higher geometric mean MUP levels in the classroom vs the home (6.45 microg/g vs 0.44 microg/g, P < .001). However, there were lower geometric mean dust mite (Der f 1) levels in the classroom vs the home (0.04 microg/g vs 0.66 microg/g, P < .001).Conclusions There are significantly higher levels of MUP but lower levels of Der f 1 in schools vs homes. It is important to recognize that children with asthma may encounter varying levels of allergens in environments outside the home, such as schools.
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Mouse allergen exposure is more common in low-income urban environments, with high concentrations often found in homes and schools.
“Mouse allergen exposure, much like that of cockroaches, is more prevalent in low-income urban environments, with high concentrations frequently detected in homes and schools (40,41,42).”
From Indoor Allergen Interventions in Homes and Schools for Managing Asthma (2025) · cites this paper as [40]
The Results and Discussion (page unavailable) report high mouse-allergen levels in the urban schools studied and cite other studies finding mouse allergen in urban homes. But most homes sampled in this study had no detectable mouse allergen, and schools with higher levels did not have lower reported household incomes. The paper therefore does not support the claim that high concentrations were frequently found in both homes and schools in low-income environments. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Platts‐Mills, T. A. E. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-08593-9.00029-2 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Sofuoǧlu, S. C., Arı, A., Civan, M., Dumanoğlu, Y., Güllü, G., Menteşe, S., Onat, B., Şahin, Ü. A., & Toksoy, M. (2025) · Atmospheric Pollution Research · doi:10.1016/j.apr.2025.102743 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Gaffin, J. M., & Phipatanakul, W. (2014) · Receptors & Clinical Investigation · doi:10.14800/rci.15 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationChemical air pollution and allergen exposure
Annesi‐Maesano, I. (2017) · European Respiratory Society eBooks · doi:10.1183/2312508x.10016016 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
ALLERGENS, PUBLIC HEALTH RISKS, AVOIDANCE AND TREATMENT
Morsy, T. A., SHARAF, S., & SHAHAT, S. E. (2021) · Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology · doi:10.21608/jesp.2021.210456 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The Influence of School Environment on the SBS Symptoms and the Development of Asthma and Allergy
Takaoka, M., & Norbäck, D. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-17919-8_8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The impact of an urban environment on a child’s lungs
Matsui, E. C., & Ahluwalia, S. K. (2011) · Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1586/ers.11.44 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Fromme, H. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-40078-0_6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Sheehan, W. J., & Phipatanakul, W. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-29875-9.00021-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationPonvert, C. (2010) · Revue française d'allergologie · doi:10.1016/j.reval.2010.09.006
Chien, cheval, rongeurs : peut-on encore désensibiliser à ces animaux ?
Lavaud, F., Perotin, J., & Dutau, G. (2012) · Revue française d'allergologie · doi:10.1016/j.reval.2012.03.002
Fungal DNA, Mould, Dampness and Allergens in Schools and Day Care Centers and Respiratory Health
Cai, G. (2013) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)
- Authors
- Sheehan, W. J., Rangsithienchai, P. A., Muilenberg, M. L., Rogers, C. A., Lane, J. P., Ghaemghami, J., Rivard, D. V., Otsu, K., Hoffman, E. B., Israel, E., Gold, D. R., & Phipatanakul, W.
- Affiliations
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Northwestern University (US)
- University of Massachusetts Amherst (US)
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Phipatanakul, Wanda
- Venue
- Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-02
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 125-130
- ISSN
- 1081-1206 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2658645
- OpenAlex
- W2058698606
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 4.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (K23AI054972, R01AI073964, T32AI007512)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization
- Keywords
- mouse allergen, urinary protein, childhood asthma, school dust, indoor allergen exposure, cockroach allergens, house dust mites, cat allergen, dog allergen, urban elementary schools
- MeSH terms
- Allergens, Animals, Asthma, Cats, Child, Cockroaches, Dogs, Dust, Female, Housing, Humans, Male, Proteins, Schools, United States, Antigens, Dermatophagoides, Mice
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