Cited by 135Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement DisordersParkinson's Disease Mechanisms and TreatmentsBotulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders

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Dystonia and parkinsonism

Jankovic, Joseph, Tintner, Ron·2001·Parkinsonism & Related Disorders

DOI 10.1016/s1353-8020(01)00025-6

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Abstract

Parkinsonism and dystonia may coexist in a number of neurodegenerative, genetic, toxic, and metabolic disorders and as a result of structural lesions in the basal ganglia. Parkinson's disease (PD) and the 'Parkinson-plus' syndromes (PPS) account for the majority of patients with the parkinsonism-dystonia combination. Dystonia, particularly when it involves the foot, may be the presenting sign of PD or PPS and these disorders should be suspected when adults present with isolated foot dystonia. Young age, female gender, and long disease duration are risk factors for PD-related dystonia, but dystonia in patients with PD is usually related to levodopa therapy. The mechanism of dystonia in PD is not well understood and the management is often challenging because levodopa and other dopaminergic agents may either improve or worsen dystonia. Other therapeutic strategies include oral medications (baclofen, anticholinergics and benzodiazepines), local injections of botulinum toxin, intrathecal baclofen, and surgical lesions or high frequency stimulation of the thalamus, globus pallidus, or subthalamus.

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Authors: Jankovic, J., & Tintner, R.
Affiliations: Baylor College of Medicine (US)
Corresponding author: Jankovic, Joseph
ORCID: Jankovic, Joseph
Venue: Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2001-10
Volume: 8
Issue: 2
Pages: 109-121
ISSN: 1353-8020 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(01)00025-6
OpenAlex: W2113609048
Cited by: 135
References: 151
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 9
FWCI: 0.74
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Parkinsonism & Related Disorders (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders
Keywords: dystonia, parkinsonism
MeSH terms: Antiparkinson Agents, Dystonia, Humans, Levodopa, Syndrome, Parkinsonian Disorders

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Dystonia and parkinsonism

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