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Cited by 1,069

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 76 of the 76 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Psychological Continuum Model: A Conceptual Framework for Understanding an Individual's Psychological Connection to Sport

Funk, Daniel C., James, Jeff·2001·Sport Management Review
DOI 10.1016/s1441-3523(01)70072-1
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Abstract

Research on sport spectators and sport fans is examined to develop a model of the psychological connections that individuals experience with sports or sport teams. The Psychological Continuum Model (PCM) is introduced. It provides an extended view of sport spectator and sport fan involvement, and outlines general parameters that may mediate the relationship between an individual and a sport or team. The PCM provides a framework that may account for an individual's movement from initial awareness of a sport or team to eventual allegiance. Four levels are described and differentiated: awareness, attraction, attachment and allegiance. The model proposes that the psychological connections between an individual and a sport or team are governed by the complexity and strengthening of sportrelated mental associations. The PCM provides a model that integrates current research and suggests new directions for future research and applications.

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Citations

Cites

Show all 76 references

Research works printed but not linked: 41

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Cited by

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Metadata

Authors
Funk, D. C., & James, J.
Venue
Sport Management Review
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2001-07
Volume
4
Issue
2
Pages
119-150
ISSN
  • 1441-3523 (ISSN-L)
  • 1839-2083
DOI
10.1016/s1441-3523(01)70072-1
OpenAlex
W2037392090
Cited by
1,069
References
76
FWCI
12.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Psychological Continuum Model: A Conceptual Framework for Understanding an Individual's Psychological Connection to Sport. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/s1441-3523(01)70072-1
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Funk, D. C., & James, J. (2001). The Psychological Continuum Model: A Conceptual Framework for Understanding an Individual's Psychological Connection to Sport. Sport Management Review. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1441-3523(01)70072-1

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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

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