A review of human carcinogens—Part B: biological agents
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Anogenital HPV genotypes are classified into high-risk, low-risk, and intermediate-risk groups based on oncogenic potential, with specific genotypes in each group.
“HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68, 73 and 82 are included in high-risk group while HPV6, 11, 40, 42, 43, 44, 54, 61, 70, 72 and 81 are included in low-risk group whereas HPV 26, 53 and 66 belong to the group of intermediate risk [2, 3].”
From HPV Genotypes distribution in Indian women with and without cervical carcinoma: Implication for HPV vaccination program in Odisha, Eastern India (2017) · cites this paper as [3]
The section “Classification of weakly carcinogenic human papillomavirus types” (page unavailable) says HPV types vary in carcinogenic potential and identifies HPV16 and HPV18 as powerful carcinogens. The available copy does not substantiate the sentence’s remaining genotype lists or its specific high-, low-, and intermediate-risk assignments. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe 12 Group 1 carcinogenic HPV types have been grouped according to their prevalence in cervical cancer into Groups 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d.
“The 12 Group 1 carcinogenic HPV types have been recently grouped according to their prevalence in cervical cancer, which is a marker of their carcinogenicity, into Groups 1a (HPV 16: most carcinogenic), 1b (HPV types 18 and 45), 1c (HPV types 31,33,35,52,58) and 1d (39,51,56,59 - least carcinogenic).37 38”
From Protocol for a cervical screening implementation trial comparing two approaches for delivering HPV self-collection in low-resource settings in India: a type 3 hybrid cluster randomised controlled trial (SHE-CAN) (2025) · cites this paper as [37]
The section “Classification of weakly carcinogenic human papillomavirus types” says HPV types differ in carcinogenic potential and identifies HPV 16 and 18 as powerful carcinogens, but it does not give the claimed 12-type classification into Groups 1a–1d. Searches for those group labels and for classification by prevalence in cervical cancer found no supporting passage in our truncated copy. (LLM, conf=0.72)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAmong 184 different HPV genotypes, only 40 diverse types can infect the anogenital region.
“Among 184 different HPV genotypes, only 40 diverse types can infect anogenital region which can be classified into 3 classes based on their oncogenic potential.”
From HPV Genotypes distribution in Indian women with and without cervical carcinoma: Implication for HPV vaccination program in Odisha, Eastern India (2017) · cites this paper as [3]
The 'Historical aspects' passage links HPV types to anogenital cancers and mentions 120 fully sequenced genotypes, but it does not give the claimed total of 184 or say that 40 types can infect the anogenital region. Searches for those numbers and for anogenital HPV types found no decisive passage; the copy is truncated, so the relevant text may be missing. (LLM, conf=0.70)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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“82 are included in high-risk group while HPV6, 11, 40, 42, 43, 44, 54, 61, 70, 72 and 81 are included in low-risk group whereas HPV 26, 53 and 66 belong to the group of intermediate risk [2, 3].”
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- Authors
- Bouvard, V., Baan, R., Straif, K., Grosse, Y., Secretan, B., Ghissassi, F. E., Benbrahim-Tallaa, L., Guha, N., Freeman, C., Galichet, L., & Cogliano, V.
- Affiliations
- Centre international de recherche sur le cancer (FR)
- Venue
- The Lancet Oncology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-04
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 321-322
- ISSN
- 1470-2045 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2039745983
- Cited by
- 2,935
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 88 · 2025: 116 · 2024: 183 · 2023: 169 · 2022: 164 · 2021: 203 · 2020: 195 · 2019: 172 · 2018: 173 · 2017: 177 · 2016: 190 · 2015: 220 · 2014: 212 · 2013: 214 · 2012: 176
- FWCI
- 75.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Lancet Oncology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- The Sydney eScholarship Repository (The University of Sydney) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Viral-associated cancers and disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment
- Keywords
- human carcinogens, biological agents, Epstein-Barr virus, Burkitt lymphoma, infection-associated cancer, cancer etiology, infectious agents
- MeSH terms
- Biological Products, Carcinogens, Humans, Neoplasms, Tumor Virus Infections
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