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The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Confronting the avian influenza threat: vaccine development for a potential pandemic

Open access
Stephenson, Iain, Nicholson, Karl G, Wood, John M, Zambon, Maria C, Katz, Jacqueline M·2004·The Lancet Infectious Diseases

Abstract

Summary Sporadic human infection with avian influenza viruses has raised concern that reassortment between human and avian subtypes could generate viruses of pandemic potential. Vaccination is the principal means to combat the impact of influenza. During an influenza pandemic the immune status of the population would differ from that which exists during interpandemic periods. An emerging pandemic virus will create a surge in worldwide vaccine demand and new approaches in immunisation strategies may be needed to ensure optimum protection of unprimed individuals when vaccine antigen may be limited. The manufacture of vaccines from pathogenic avian influenza viruses by traditional methods is not feasible for safety reasons as well as technical issues. Strategies adopted to overcome these issues include the use of reverse genetic systems to generate reassortant strains, the use of baculovirusexpressed haemagglutinin or related non-pathogenic avian influenza strains, and the use of adjuvants to enhance immunogenicity. In clinical trials, conventional surfaceantigen influenza virus vaccines produced from avian viruses have proved poorly immunogenic in immunologically naive populations. Adjuvanted or whole-virus preparations may improve immunogenicity and allow sparing of antigen.

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Crossref · 10.1016/s1473-3099(04)01105-3

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Metadata

Authors
Stephenson, I., Nicholson, K. G., Wood, J. M., Zambon, M. C., & Katz, J. M.
Venue
The Lancet Infectious Diseases
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2004-08
Volume
4
Issue
8
Pages
499-509
ISSN
1473-3099 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2107487305
Cited by
173
References
4
FWCI
15.31
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Confronting the avian influenza threat: vaccine development for a potential pandemic. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/s1473-3099(04)01105-3
The paper
Stephenson, I., Nicholson, K. G., Wood, J. M., Zambon, M. C., & Katz, J. M. (2004). Confronting the avian influenza threat: vaccine development for a potential pandemic. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(04)01105-3

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.