Paediatric tuberculosis

Newton, Sandra M; Brent, Andrew J; Anderson, Suzanne; Whittaker, Elizabeth; Kampmann, Beate

doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(08)70182-8

Cited by 480Tuberculosis Research and EpidemiologyDiagnosis and treatment of tuberculosisInfectious Diseases and Tuberculosis

Paediatric tuberculosis

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Newton, Sandra M, Brent, Andrew J, Anderson, Suzanne, Whittaker, Elizabeth, Kampmann, Beate·2008·The Lancet Infectious Diseases

DOI 10.1016/s1473-3099(08)70182-8PMC PMC2804291

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Abstract

Tuberculosis continues to cause an unacceptably high toll of disease and death among children worldwide, particularly in the wake of the HIV epidemic. Increased international travel and immigration have led to a rise in childhood tuberculosis rates even in traditionally low burden, industrialised settings, and threaten to promote the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant strains. Whereas intense scientific and clinical research efforts into novel diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive interventions have focused on tuberculosis in adults, childhood tuberculosis has been relatively neglected. However, children are particularly vulnerable to severe disease and death following infection, and those with latent infection become the reservoir for future transmission following disease reactivation in adulthood, fuelling future epidemics. Further research into the epidemiology, immune mechanisms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of childhood tuberculosis is urgently needed. Advances in our understanding of tuberculosis in children would provide insights and opportunities to enhance efforts to control this disease.

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Extrapulmonary TB constitutes up to half of all paediatric TB cases, predominantly in children of young age and with HIV infection.
“Extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) constitutes up to half of all paediatric TB cases, predominantly in children of young age and with HIV infection [8, 9].”
From Evaluation of Xpert® MTB/RIF and Ustar EasyNAT™ TB IAD for diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis of children in Tanzania: a prospective descriptive study (2016) · cites this paper as [8]
The Pathophysiology and Clinical spectrum of disease sections link young age and HIV co-infection to increased extrapulmonary dissemination. Our copy does not state that extrapulmonary TB constitutes up to half of paediatric TB cases; the nearly 50% figure in the Clinical spectrum section concerns death or long-term neurological sequelae from TB meningitis, not the proportion of cases. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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[57]WHO Guidance for national tuberculosis programmes on the management of tuberculosis in children 2006 cited; Available from: http://libdoc.who.int/hq/2006/WHO_HTM_TB_2006.371_eng.pdf 24999516
[131]Laal S Skeiky YAW Cole STEK McMurray DN Jacobs WR Immune based methods Tuberculosis and the tubercle bacillus 2005 71 83 Washington, DC ASM Press

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Tuberculosis in Children
Perez-Velez, C. M., & Marais, B. J. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1008049 · Cited by 572 · see citing works
Evaluation of Xpert® MTB/RIF and Ustar EasyNAT™ TB IAD for diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis of children in Tanzania: a prospective descriptive study
Bholla, M., Kapalata, N., Masika, E., Chande, H., Jugheli, L., Sasamalo, M., Glass, T. R., Beck, H.-P., & Reither, K. (2016) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1578-z · Cited by 31 · see citing works

Authors: Newton, S. M., Brent, A. J., Anderson, S., Whittaker, E., & Kampmann, B.
Affiliations: Imperial College London (GB)
Kenya Medical Research Institute (KE)
University of Cape Town (ZA)
Corresponding author: Newton, Sandra M
Kampmann, Beate
ORCID: Anderson, Suzanne
Whittaker, Elizabeth
Kampmann, Beate
Venue: The Lancet Infectious Diseases
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2008-08
Volume: 8
Issue: 8
Pages: 498-510
ISSN: 1473-3099 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(08)70182-8
PMC: PMC2804291
OpenAlex: W4211165963
Cited by: 480
References: 176
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 42
FWCI: 2.71
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: Wellcome Trust (077273, 081697)
National Institute for Health and Care Research (ACF-2006-21-031)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
Keywords: pediatric tuberculosis, HIV coinfection, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, latent tuberculosis infection, tuberculosis transmission, tuberculosis epidemiology, tuberculosis diagnosis, tuberculosis treatment, tuberculosis prevention, immune mechanisms
MeSH terms: Antitubercular Agents, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Tuberculosis, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant, Tuberculosis Vaccines

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