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Cited by 195Treatment of Major DepressionMaternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

Gender differences in depression and response to psychotropic medication

Gorman, Jack M.·2006·Gender Medicine
DOI 10.1016/s1550-8579(06)80199-3
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Abstract

Background In the United States, depression is approximately twice as common among women as among men, across all age groups. Objective This review examines gender differences in the epidemiology and clinical presentation of depression, and explores whether women respond differently than men to antidepressant medications. Methods This is a selective review focusing on current issues in the management of depression, with particular attention to gender differences in the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease. Results Women are more likely than men to have atypical symptoms of depression (eg, hypersomnia, hyperphagia), to have comorbid anxiety disorders, and to attempt suicide. Women are also more likely to have seasonal affective disorder. Mood and anxiety symptoms that seem to be related to the menstrual cycle do not often represent genuine premenstrual dysphoria, but when premenstrual dysphoric disorder does occur, its impact on quality of life is similar to that of major depressive disorder. There is ongoing controversy about whether men and women respond equally well to antidepressant medications, and preliminary evidence suggests that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are more effective in the presence of estrogen. Depression affects about 10% of pregnant women. Antidepressant medication should be considered during pregnancy if depression is moderate or severe, or if withdrawal of maintenance medication is likely to result in recurrent depress…

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Crossref · 10.1016/s1550-8579(06)80199-3

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  • Women have greater lifetime prevalence of social and specific phobias, other anxiety disorders, and comorbid depression and anxiety.

    “In addition, women have greater lifetime prevalence of social and specific phobias, other anxiety disorders (Wilhelm, Parker, & Hadzi-Pavlovic, 1997), and comorbid depression and anxiety (Gorman, 2006).”

    From Gender Differences in Emotion Regulation: An fMRI Study of Cognitive Reappraisal (2008) · cites this paper as Gorman, 2006

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Authors
Gorman, J. M.
Affiliations
Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author
Gorman, Jack M.
ORCID
Gorman, Jack M.
Venue
Gender Medicine
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2006-06
Volume
3
Issue
2
Pages
93-109
ISSN
1550-8579 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s1550-8579(06)80199-3
OpenAlex
W2066650091
Cited by
195
References
8
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 14
FWCI
1.65
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Gender Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords
gender differences, depression, antidepressant response, women, comorbid anxiety disorders, suicide risk, seasonal affective disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, menstrual cycle, pregnancy, breastfeeding, neonatal abstinence syndrome, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, estrogen, sex differences in treatment response
MeSH terms
Breast Feeding, Depression, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Sex Factors, Antipsychotic Agents, Treatment Outcome, Depression, Postpartum

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