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Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes: a prespecified analysis of the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES randomised controlled trial
Open accessAbstract
Background After acute coronary syndrome, diabetes conveys an excess risk of ischaemic cardiovascular events. A reduction in mean LDL cholesterol to 1·4-1·8 mmol/L with ezetimibe or statins reduces cardiovascular events in patients with an acute coronary syndrome and diabetes. However, the efficacy and safety of further reduction in LDL cholesterol with an inhibitor of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) after acute coronary syndrome is unknown. We aimed to explore this issue in a prespecified analysis of the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial of the PCSK9 inhibitor alirocumab, assessing its effects on cardiovascular outcomes by baseline glycaemic status, while also assessing its effects on glycaemic measures including risk of new-onset diabetes.Methods ODYSSEY OUTCOMES was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, done at 1315 sites in 57 countries, that compared alirocumab with placebo in patients who had been admitted to hospital with an acute coronary syndrome (myocardial infarction or unstable angina) 1-12 months before randomisation and who had raised concentrations of atherogenic lipoproteins despite use of high-intensity statins. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive alirocumab or placebo every 2 weeks; randomisation was stratified by country and was done centrally with an interactive voice-response or web-response system. Alirocumab was titrated to target LDL cholesterol concentrations of 0·65-1·30 mmol/L. In this prespecified analysis, we investigated the effect of alirocumab on cardiovascular events by glycaemic status at baseline (diabetes, prediabetes, or normoglycaemia)-defined on the basis of patient history, review of medical records, or baseline HbA 1c or fasting serum glucose-and risk of new-onset diabetes among those without diabetes at baseline. The primary endpoint was a composite of death from coronary heart disease, non-fatal myocardial infarction, fatal or non-fatal ischaemic stroke, or unstable angina requiring hospital admission. ODYSSEY OUTCOMES is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01663402.Findings At study baseline, 5444 patients (28·8%) had diabetes, 8246 (43·6%) had prediabetes, and 5234 (27·7%) had normoglycaemia. There were no significant differences across glycaemic categories in median LDL cholesterol at baseline (2·20-2·28 mmol/L), after 4 months' treatment with alirocumab (0·80 mmol/L), or after 4 months' treatment with placebo (2·25-2·28 mmol/L). In the placebo group, the incidence of the primary endpoint over a median of 2·8 years was greater in patients with diabetes (16·4%) than in those with prediabetes (9·2%) or normoglycaemia (8·5%); hazard ratio (HR) for diabetes versus normoglycaemia 2·09 (95% CI 1·78-2·46, p<0·0001) and for diabetes versus prediabetes 1·90 (1·65-2·17, p<0·0001). Alirocumab resulted in similar relative reductions in the incidence of the primary endpoint in each glycaemic category, but a greater absolute reduction in the incidence of the primary endpoint in patients with diabetes (2·3%, 95% CI 0·4 to 4·2) than in those with prediabetes (1·2%, 0·0 to 2·4) or normoglycaemia (1·2%, -0·3 to 2·7; absolute risk reduction p interaction=0·0019). Among patients without diabetes at baseline, 676 (10·1%) developed diabetes in the placebo group, compared with 648 (9·6%) in the alirocumab group; alirocumab did not increase the risk of new-onset diabetes (HR 1·00, 95% CI 0·89-1·11). HRs were 0·97 (95% CI 0·87-1·09) for patients with prediabetes and 1·30 (95% CI 0·93-1·81) for those with normoglycaemia (p interaction=0·11).Interpretation After a recent acute coronary syndrome, alirocumab treatment targeting an LDL cholesterol concentration of 0·65-1·30 mmol/L produced about twice the absolute reduction in cardiovascular events among patients with diabetes as in those without diabetes. Alirocumab treatment did not increase the risk of new-onset diabetes.Funding Sanofi and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals.
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39 Own result · 26 Not checked yet · 17 Own method · 17 Own interpretation · 4 No basis given
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“for those with diabetes versus those with prediabetes, the HR was 1•90 (1•65-2•17, p<0•0001; figure 1).”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Table: Baseline characteristics
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“Over the course of the trial, patients treated with alirocumab had lower LDL cholesterol concentrations, irrespective of baseline glycaemic category (figure 3).”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Table: Baseline characteristics
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“The relative reduction in risk of ischaemic cardiovascular events with alirocumab compared with placebo was similar between those with and without diabetes.”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Discussion
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“In the alirocumab group, the relative reduction in risk of the primary endpoint was similar among patients with diabetes (HR 0•84, 95% CI 0•74-0•97), prediabetes (0•86, 0•74-1•00), and normoglycaemia (0•85, 0•70-1•03).”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Table: Baseline characteristics
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“In patients treated with alirocumab, median LDL cholesterol concentrations at month 4 were 0•80 mmol/L (IQR 0•52-1•22) in those with diabetes, 0•80 mmol/L (0•54-1•27) in those with prediabetes, and 0•80 mmol/L (0•54-1•30) in those with normoglycaemia.”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Table: Baseline characteristics
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“In patients without diabetes at baseline, mean HbA 1c after randomisation was slightly lower in the alirocumab group than in the placebo group (5•78% vs 5•80%, p=0•0008), with no difference in mean fasting glucose concentrations (5•67 vs 5•68 mmol/L, p=0•84; figure 5).”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Table: Baseline characteristics
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“Changes from baseline to month 4 in LDL cholesterol were similar in each glycaemic category (figure 2).”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Table: Baseline characteristics
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“The presence of diabetes at baseline did not affect LDL cholesterol concentrations at baseline or during assigned treatment with alirocumab or placebo.”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Discussion
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“The risk of developing new-onset diabetes in patients without diabetes at baseline did not differ between alirocumab and placebo: 648 patients (9•6%) in the alirocumab group developed diabetes after randomisation, compared with 676 patients (10•1%) in the placebo group (HR 1•00, 95% CI 0•89-1•11).”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Table: Baseline characteristics
plainn = 648- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“In a competing-risks model, the treatment HR for new-onset diabetes for the patients with baseline normoglycaemia or prediabetes was 0•95 (95% CI 0•85-1•05).”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Table: Baseline characteristics
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“resulting in a number needed to treat of 43 for people with diabetes and 82 for those without (figure 4, appendix).”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Table: Baseline characteristics
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“The distribution of patients with glycometabolic abnormalities in our trial was similar to that in an earlier study of people with a previous acute coronary syndrome, 14 with about 70% of the cohort having diabetes or prediabetes.”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [14] Norhammar, 2002, Glucose metabolism in patients with acute myocardial infarction and no previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus: a prospective study, Lancet source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In the placebo group, the rate of the primary endpoint was 6•5 per 100 person-years for patients with diabetes at baseline, 3•4 per 100 person-years for those with prediabetes, and 3•1 per 100 person-years for those with normoglycaemia.”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Table: Baseline characteristics
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“diabetes (n=37 with type 1 diabetes), 8246 (43•6%) patients had prediabetes, and 5234 (27•7%) patients had normo glycaemia.”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Table: Baseline characteristics
plainn = 5,444- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Baseline values of BMI, non-HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides were highest among patients with diabetes and lowest among those in the normoglycaemia group, with the opposite relation seen for HDL cholesterol concentrations.”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Table: Baseline characteristics
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“These findings were similar among patients with either prediabetes (HbA 1c : 5•92% with alirocumab vs 5•95% with placebo; fasting serum glucose 5•85 vs 5•85 mmol/L) or normoglycaemia (HbA 1c : 5•55% vs 5•56%; fasting serum glucose: 5•40 vs 5•40 mmol/L) at baseline (figure 5).”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Table: Baseline characteristics
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“Of the patients without diabetes at baseline, 5955 (44•2%) were eligible for 3-5 years of follow-up (table).”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Table: Baseline characteristics
plainn = 5,955- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“However, the substantially higher absolute risk among patients with diabetes resulted in a greater absolute risk reduction with alirocumab treatment (2•3%, 95% CI 0•4 to 4•2) compared with patients with prediabetes (1•2%, 0•0 to 2•4) or normoglycaemia (1•2%, -0•3 to 2•7; p interaction =0•0019 among the three glycaemic categories)”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Table: Baseline characteristics
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In the paper
“Abnormal glycometabolic status is common in patients after an acute coronary syndrome, with about a third having diabetes and a similar proportion having prediabetes.14”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [14] Norhammar, 2002, Glucose metabolism in patients with acute myocardial infarction and no previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus: a prospective study, Lancet source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In patients given placebo, these values were 2•25 mmol/L (1•84-2•77) for those with diabetes, 2•25 mmol/L (1•86-2•77) for those with prediabetes, and 2•28 mmol/L (1•89-2•77) for those with normoglycaemia.”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Table: Baseline characteristics
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In the paper
“Median follow-up duration was 2•8 years, with 8242 patients eligible for 3-5 years of follow-up (ie, randomly assigned at least 3 years before the common study end date of Nov 11, 2017).”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Table: Baseline characteristics
plainn = 8,242- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For SGLT2 inhibitors, the corresponding numbers were 0•1% (n=26) at baseline, increasing to 1•5% (n=290) during the study.”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Discussion
plainn = 290- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Median follow-up was 2•8 years (IQR 2•3-3•4).”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The corresponding number needed to treat for a median of 2•8 years to avoid one primary endpoint event was 43 for patients with diabetes at baseline versus 82 for patients without diabetes at baseline.”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“With a median follow-up of 2•8 years and with 5955 (44•2%) patients without diabetes eligible for 3-5 years of follow-up, alirocumab did not adversely affect measures of glycaemia or increase the risk of new-onset diabetes.”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Discussion
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In the paper
“At baseline, 0•2% (n=47) of the total study population were receiving a GLP-1 receptor agonist, which increased to 0•9% (n=173) during the study”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Discussion
plainn = 173- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“However, the median and maximum durations of follow-up were fairly short and an excess risk of new-onset diabetes among patients with normoglycaemia at baseline was not excluded.”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Research in context
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In the paper
“Observations that statins increase the risk of new-onset diabetes 6,7 raise theoretical concerns”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [6] Preiss, 2011, Risk of incident diabetes with intensive-dose compared with moderate-dose statin therapy: a meta-analysis, JAMA source
- Not checked yetcites [7] Sattar, 2010, Statins and risk of incident diabetes: a collaborative meta-analysis of randomised statin trials, Lancet source
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In the paper
“in acute coronary syndromes, patients with diabetes have some of the highest reported rates of recurrent cardiovascular events, 1,2”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Bonaca, 2018, Polyvascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and long-term vascular risk: a secondary analysis of the IMPROVE-IT trial, Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol source
- Not checked yetcites [2] Giugliano, 2018, Benefit of adding ezetimibe to statin therapy on cardiovascular outcomes and safety in patients with versus without diabetes mellitus: results from IMPROVE-IT (Improved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial), Circulation source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The incidence of new-onset diabetes among participants with prediabetes or normoglycaemia was prespecified; we also report post-hoc HRs for new-onset diabetes in these two subgroups.”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Outcomes
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In the paper
“After an acute coronary syndrome, patients with diabetes are at particularly high risk of recurrent ischaemic cardiovascular events, and also derive the greatest absolute benefit from a given degree of lipid lowering with high-intensity statins 15 or statins plus ezetimibe.2,16”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [15] Ahmed, 2006, Acute coronary syndromes and diabetes: is intensive lipid lowering beneficial? Results of the PROVE IT-TIMI 22 trial, Eur Heart J source
- Not checked yetcites [2] Giugliano, 2018, Benefit of adding ezetimibe to statin therapy on cardiovascular outcomes and safety in patients with versus without diabetes mellitus: results from IMPROVE-IT (Improved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial), Circulation source
- Not checked yetcites [16] Cannon, 2015, Ezetimibe added to statin therapy after acute coronary syndromes, N Engl J Med source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Randomisation was done centrally with an interactive voice-response or web-response system (appendix).”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Randomisation and masking
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In the paper
“analysed in the intention-totreat population (defined as all randomly assigned patients analysed according to allocated treatment group).”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Outcomes
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“An analysis of a large cardiovascular outcomes trial (FOURIER) of the PCSK9 inhibitor evolocumab showed a consistent reduction in the relative risk of cardiovascular events in patients with or without diabetes at baseline and no increase in the risk of new-onset diabetes.”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Research in context
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“with the 2017 American College of Endocrinology guidelines referring to these patients as an extreme-risk group in whom physicians should aim for LDL cholesterol concentrations below 1•42 mmol/L (55 mg/dL).3”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [3] Jellinger, 2017, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology guidelines for management of dyslipidemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease, Endocr Pract source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Reassuringly, despite achieving a median LDL cholesterol concentration of 0•80 mmol/L with alirocumab, assigned treatment had no effect on plasma glucose concentrations, HbA 1c , or incident diabetes among 13 480 patients without diabetes at baseline, including 5955 patients followed up for 3-5 years.”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Added value of this study
plainn = 13,480- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“an increased risk of new-onset diabetes was seen among a subgroup of 6189 patients with normoglycaemia at baseline (hazard ratio [HR] 1•60, 95% CI 1•13-2•28).10”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [10] Sabatine, 2017, Cardiovascular safety and efficacy of the PCSK9 inhibitor evolocumab in patients with and without diabetes and the effect of evolocumab on glycaemia and risk of new-onset diabetes: a prespecified analysis of the FOURIER randomised controlled trial, Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol source
plaincorrelationaln = 6,189 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Ethics committee approval was obtained at all participating institutions.All participants provided informed consent.”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Study design and participants
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Although there was no increased risk of new-onset diabetes with the PCSK9 inhibitor evolocumab compared with placebo over a median 2•2 years (maximum 3•75 years) of follow-up in 16 533 patients without diabetes at baseline”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [10] Sabatine, 2017, Cardiovascular safety and efficacy of the PCSK9 inhibitor evolocumab in patients with and without diabetes and the effect of evolocumab on glycaemia and risk of new-onset diabetes: a prespecified analysis of the FOURIER randomised controlled trial, Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol source
plainn = 16,533- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Analyses in the present report were performed independently of the funders by the academic statistician (MS); the funders contributed to data interpretation and provided input on the report.”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Role of the funding source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“A small but significant increase in fasting glucose without excess risk of new-onset diabetes was reported with bococizumab compared with placebo over a median exposure of about 1 year.11”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [11] Ridker, 2017, Cardiovascular efficacy and safety of bococizumab in high-risk patients, N Engl J Med source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Formal power calculations were not done for this prespecified analysis, but statistical assumptions for the overall trial have been reported previously, 12”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Statistical analysis
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In patients with acute coronary syndromes, lowering LDL cholesterol to below 1•81 mmol/L (70 mg/dL) with statins, or further to around 1•42 mmol/L (55 mg/dL) with statins plus ezetimibe, reduces cardiovascular disease events.”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Research in context
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Our findings build upon previous evidence supporting the use of intensive lipid-lowering therapy and ezetimibe in patients with diabetes and acute coronary syndrome, and are aligned with the recent updating of some clinical guidelines”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [3] Jellinger, 2017, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology guidelines for management of dyslipidemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease, Endocr Pract source
- Not checked yetcites [17] 2002, Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report, Circulation source
- Not checked yetcites [18] Grundy, 2004, Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III Guidelines, J Am Coll Cardiol source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the event rate in patients with diabetes at baseline was two-times higher than that in patients without, such that the absolute risk reduction with alirocumab for patients with diabetes was double that achieved in patients without diabetes.”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Added value of this study
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Further data in large populations over a longer observation period are needed to determine the glycometabolic safety of PCSK9 inhibition.”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All components of the primary composite endpoint were adjudicated with group assignment masked.”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Outcomes
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to treatment with alirocumab 75 mg subcutaneously every 2 weeks or matching placebo, stratified by country.”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Randomisation and masking
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The trial had a double-blind design, with patients and investigators masked to treatment assignment, including titration and substitution, and to lipid concentrations.”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Randomisation and masking
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“ODYSSEY OUTCOMES was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, done at 1315 sites in 57 countries, that compared alirocumab with placebo in patients who had been admitted to hospital with an acute coronary syndrome (myocardial infarction or unstable angina) 1-12 months before randomisation.”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Study design and participants
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“with a diabetes diagnosis confirmed by an external diabetes expert committee that was masked to group assignment.”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Procedures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov,number NCT01663402.”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Statistical analysis
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The effect of alirocumab on individual components of the composite primary endpoint was not analysed due to insufficient power.”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Outcomes
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Mendelian randomisation analyses 8,20,21 have shown that genetically determined loss of function of PCSK9 is associated with an increased risk of incident diabetes, but clinical trials of PCSK9 inhibitors have shown no such effect.9”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [8] Ference, 2016, Variation in PCSK9 and HMGCR and risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, N Engl J Med source
- Not checked yetcites [20] Schmidt, 2017, PCSK9 genetic variants and risk of type 2 diabetes: a mendelian randomisation study, Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol source
- Not checked yetcites [21] Lotta, 2016, Association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-lowering genetic variants and risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis, JAMA source
- Not checked yetcites [9] Colhoun, 2016, No effect of PCSK9 inhibitor alirocumab on the incidence of diabetes in a pooled analysis from 10 ODYSSEY phase 3 studies, Eur Heart J source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“statins increase the risk of new-onset diabetes by 9% versus placebo, and by an additional 12% when comparing high-intensity statins with moderate-intensity statins.”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [7] Sattar, 2010, Statins and risk of incident diabetes: a collaborative meta-analysis of randomised statin trials, Lancet source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the LDL cholesterol concentrations presented in our study are from the intention-to-treat analysis and ODYSSEY OUTCOMES used a treat-to-target design.”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors have shown benefit in patients with chronic stable cardiovascular disease, but efficacy has not been shown in the post-acute coronary syndrome setting.27”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [27] Pfeffer, 2016, Lixisenatide in type 2 diabetes and acute coronary syndrome, N Engl J Med
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the evidence to date suggests that the benefits of newer diabetes treatments and lipid lowering are complementary.26”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [26] Verma, 2018, Liraglutide reduces cardiovascular events and mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus independently of baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and statin use, Circulation source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The relative risk reduction for the primary endpoint of five-point major adverse cardiovascular events in FOURIER among those with diabetes at baseline was 17%, similar to the 16% relative reduction in the risk of four-point major adverse cardiovascular events in ODYSSEY OUTCOMES.”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [10] Sabatine, 2017, Cardiovascular safety and efficacy of the PCSK9 inhibitor evolocumab in patients with and without diabetes and the effect of evolocumab on glycaemia and risk of new-onset diabetes: a prespecified analysis of the FOURIER randomised controlled trial, Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“At 3 years, the proportion of individuals with diabetes in the placebo group who had experienced a primary endpoint event was 17•1% in FOURIER, and was reduced in absolute terms by 2•7% with evolocumab.”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [10] Sabatine, 2017, Cardiovascular safety and efficacy of the PCSK9 inhibitor evolocumab in patients with and without diabetes and the effect of evolocumab on glycaemia and risk of new-onset diabetes: a prespecified analysis of the FOURIER randomised controlled trial, Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“patients with prediabetes have been reported to have worse cardiovascular outcomes than those with normoglycaemia”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [22] Stranders, 2004, Admission blood glucose level as risk indicator of death after myocardial infarction in patients with and without diabetes mellitus, Arch Intern Med source
- Not checked yetcites [23] Bhadriraju, 2006, Association between blood glucose and long-term mortality in patients with acute coronary syndromes in the OPUS-TIMI 16 trial, Am J Cardiol source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Findings from an analysis of the FOURIER cardiovascular outcomes trial 10 with the PCSK9 inhibitor evolocumab suggested a possible increased risk of new-onset diabetes among patients with normoglycaemia at baseline, but not among those with prediabetes at baseline, albeit with a small number of events and wide CIs.”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [10] Sabatine, 2017, Cardiovascular safety and efficacy of the PCSK9 inhibitor evolocumab in patients with and without diabetes and the effect of evolocumab on glycaemia and risk of new-onset diabetes: a prespecified analysis of the FOURIER randomised controlled trial, Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is uncertain whether greater use of these classes of drugs would affect the magnitude of the observed benefit of alirocumab treatment in patients with acute coronary syndrome and diabetes”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Discussion
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The findings of our study suggest that, among patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome, the presence of diabetes highlights a large subgroup (about a third) with substantially enhanced risk and who derive greater benefits from targeting even lower LDL cholesterol concentrations of 0•65-1•30 mmol/L.”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Discussion
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our trial had longer follow-up than FOURIER to assess safety and efficacy and a masked diabetes endpoint adjudication committee to determine cases of new-onset diabetes.”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“although the present results are reassuring, the long-term effects (ie, beyond 5 years) of PCSK9 inhibitors on glycaemic status are still unknown.”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Rests on an assumption: New-onset diabetes with statins was only confirmed many years after regulatory approval through meta-analyses of multiple trials.
In the paper
“FOURIER used a fixed dose of evolocumab and the LDL cholesterol concen trations described are for patients who remained on treatment, had follow-up laboratory measurements, and had no change in background statin treatment.”
§ Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [10] Sabatine, 2017, Cardiovascular safety and efficacy of the PCSK9 inhibitor evolocumab in patients with and without diabetes and the effect of evolocumab on glycaemia and risk of new-onset diabetes: a prespecified analysis of the FOURIER randomised controlled trial, Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
A lower number needed to treat implies more favourable cost-effectiveness for alirocumab.
“Accordingly, patients with diabetes and acute coronary syndrome are a group in whom the costeffectiveness of alirocumab treatment is more favourable.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The glycaemic safety of alirocumab can be generalized to PCSK9 inhibitors as a class.
“The present findings provide greater reassurance about the glycaemic safety of PCSK9 inhibitors as a class.”
The paper relies on this without support.
About 70% of patients in clinical trials of established atherosclerosis have a glycometabolic abnormality at randomisation.
“in clinical trials that enrol patients with established atherosclerosis, about 70% already have a glycometabolic abnormality at randomisation (prediabetes or diabetes).”
The paper relies on this without support.
New-onset diabetes with statins was only confirmed many years after regulatory approval through meta-analyses of multiple trials.
“new-onset diabetes with statins was only confirmed many years after regulatory approval through meta-analyses of multiple trials.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“However, the best evidence to support lower LDL cholesterol targets in people with diabetes and established cardiovascular disease derives from multiple large randomized trials investigating the benefi ts of adding nonstatin agents to statin therapy.”
From 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023 (2023) · cites this paper as [111]
In the citing paper
“the cumulative data from the FOURIER and ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trials suggest that PCSK9 inhibitors effectively lower LDL-C and cardiovascular risk in individuals with CAD regardless of diabetes mellitus status.”
From Clinical management of stable coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association (2020) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“The combination of alirocumab and statins resulted in an absolute risk reduction for time to first MACE of 2.3% in the group with diabetes mellitus relative to 1.2% for those without diabetes mellitus.14”
From Clinical management of stable coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association (2020) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“These large trials included a signi fi cant number of participants with diabetes and prespeci fi ed analyses on cardiovascular outcomes in people with and without diabetes (109,111,112).”
From 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023 (2023) · cites this paper as [111]
In the citing paper
“Each trial found a signi fi cant bene fi t in the reduction of ASCVD events that was directly related to the degree of further LDL cholesterol lowering.”
From 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023 (2023) · cites this paper as [111]
Citations
Cites
Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes
Zinman, B., Wanner, C., Lachin, J. M., Fitchett, D., Bluhmki, E., Hantel, S., Mattheus, M., Devins, T., Johansen, O. E., Woerle, H. J., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1504720 · Cited by 12,315
Detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)
Grundy, S. M., Becker, D. M., Clark, L. T., Cooper, R., Denke, M. A., Howard, J. L., Hunninghake, D. B., Illingworth, D. R., Luepker, R. V., McBride, P. E., et al. (2002) · Civil War Book Review · Cited by 12,198
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- Ray, K. K., Colhoun, H. M., Szarek, M., Baccara-Dinet, M., Bhatt, D. L., Bittner, V. A., Budaj, A. J., Diaz, R., Goodman, S. G., Hanotin, C., Harrington, R. A., Jukema, J. W., Loizeau, V., Lopes, R. D., Moryusef, A., Murin, J., Pordy, R., Ristic, A. D., Roe, M. T., Tuñón, J., White, H. D., Zeiher, A. M., Schwartz, G. G., Steg, P. G., Schwartz, G. G., Steg, P. G., Bhatt, D. L., Bittner, V. A., Diaz, R., Goodman, S. G., Harrington, R. A., Jukema, J. W., Szarek, M., White, H. D., Zeiher, A. M., Tricoci, P., Roe, M. T., Mahaffey, K. W., Edelberg, J. M., Hanotin, C., Lecorps, G., Moryusef, A., Pordy, R., Sasiela, W. J., Tamby, J.-F., Aylward, P. E., Drexel, H., Sinnaeve, P., Dilic, M., Lopes, R. D., Gotcheva, N. N., Prieto, J.-C., Yong, H., López-Jaramillo, P., Pećin, I., Reiner, Z., Ostadal, P., Viigimaa, M., Nieminen, M. S., Chumburidze, V., Marx, N., Danchin, N., Liberopoulos, E., Montenegro Valdovinos, P. C., Tse, H.-F., Kiss, R. G., Xavier, D., Zahger, D., Valgimigli, M., Kimura, T., Kim, H. S., Kim, S.-H., Erglis, A., Laucevicius, A., Kedev, S., Yusoff, K., Ramos López, G. A., Alings, M., Halvorsen, S., Correa Flores, R. M., Budaj, A., Morais, J., Dorobantu, M., Karpov, Y., Ristic, A. D., Chua, T., Murin, J., Fras, Z., Dalby, A. J., Tuñón, J., de Silva, H. A., Hagström, E., Landmesser, U., Chiang, C.-E., Sritara, P., Guneri, S., Parkhomenko, A., Ray, K. K., Moriarty, P. M., Vogel, R., Chaitman, B., Kelsey, S. F., Olsson, A. G., Rouleau, J.-L., Simoons, M. L., Alexander, K., Meloni, C., Rosenson, R., Sijbrands, E. J. G., Tricoci, P., Alexander, J. H., Armaganijan, L., Bagai, A., Bahit, M. C., Brennan, J. M., Clifton, S., DeVore, A. D., Deloatch, S., Dickey, S., Dombrowski, K., Ducrocq, G., Eapen, Z., Endsley, P., Eppinger, A., Harrison, R. W., Hess, C. N., Hlatky, M. A., Jordan, J. D., Knowles, J. W., Kolls, B. J., Kong, D. F., Leonardi, S., Lillis, L., Maron, D. J., Marcus, J., Mathews, R., Mehta, R. H., Mentz, R. J., Moreira, H. G., Patel, C. B., Bernardez-Pereira, S., Perkins, L., Povsic, T. J., Puymirat, E., Schuyler Jones, W., Shah, B. R., Sherwood, M. W., Stringfellow, K., Sujjavanich, D., Toma, M., Trotter, C., Van Diepen, S., Wilson, M. D., Yan, A. T., Schiavi, L. B., Garrido, M., Alvarisqueta, A. F., Sassone, S. A., Bordonava, A. P., Alves De Lima, A. E., Schmidberg, J. M., Duronto, E. A., Caruso, O. C., Novaretto, L. P., Hominal, M. A., Montaña, O. R., Caccavo, A., Gomez Vilamajo, O. A., Lorenzatti, A. J., Cartasegna, L. R., Paterlini, G. A., Mackinnon, I. J., Caime, G. D., Amuchastegui, M., Salomone, O., Codutti, O. R., Jure, H. O., Bono, J. O., Hrabar, A. D., Vallejos, J. A., Ahuad Guerrero, R. A., Novoa, F., Patocchi, C. A., Zaidman, C. J., Giuliano, M. E., Dran, R. D., Vico, M. L., Carnero, G. S., Guzman, P. N., Medrano Allende, J. C., Garcia Brasca, D. F., Bustamante Labarta, M. H., Nani, S., Blumberg, E. D., Colombo, H. R., Liberman, A., Fuentealba, V., Luciardi, H. 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M., Zwart, P., Monraats, P., Van Kesteren, H., Karalis, I., Jukema, J., Verdel, G. J., Brueren, B. R., Troquay, R. P., Viergever, E. P., Al-Windy, N. Y., Bartels, G. L., Cornel, J. H., Hermans, W. R., Herrman, J. P., Bos, R. J., Groutars, R. G., Van Der Zwaan, C. C., Kaplan, R., Lionarons, R., Ronner, E., Groenemeijer, B. E., Bronzwaer, P. N., Liem, A. A., Rensing, B. J., Bokern, M. J., Nijmeijer, R., Hersbach, F. M., Willems, F. F., Gosselink, A. T., Rasoul, S., Elliott, J., Wilkins, G., Fisher, R., Scott, D., Hart, H., Stewart, R., Harding, S., Ternouth, I., Fisher, N., Wilson, S., Aitken, D., Anscombe, R., Davidson, L., Tomala, T., Nygård, O., Sparby, J. A., Andersen, K., Gullestad, L., Jortveit, J., Munk, P. S., Singsaas, E. G., Hurtig, U., Calderon Ticona, J. R., Durand Velasquez, J. R., Negron Miguel, S. A., Sanabria Perez, E. S., Carrion Chambilla, J. M., Chavez Ayala, C. A., Castillo Leon, R. P., Vargas Gonzales, R. J., Hernandez Zuniga, J. D., Camacho Cosavalente, L. A., Bravo Mannucci, J. E., Heredia Landeo, J., Llerena Navarro, N. C., Roldan Concha, Y. M., Rodriguez Chavez, V. E., Anchante Hernandez, H. A., Zea Nunez, C. A., Mogrovejo Ramos, W., Ferrolino, A., Sy, R. A. G., Tirador, L., Sy, R. G., Matiga, G., Coching, R. M., Bernan, A., Rogelio, G., Morales, D. D., Tan, E., Sulit, D. J., Wlodarczak, A., Jaworska, K., Skonieczny, G., Pawlowicz, L., Wojewoda, P., Busz-Papiez, B., Bednarski, J., Goch, A., Staneta, P., Dulak, E., Saminski, K., Krasowski, W., Sudnik, W., Zurakowski, A., Skorski, M., Miklaszewicz, B., Kubica, J., Andrzej Lipko, J., Kostarska-Srokosz, E., Piepiorka, M., Drzewiecka, A., Stasiewski, A., Blicharski, T., Bystryk, L., Szpajer, M., Korol, M., Czerski, T., Mirek-Bryniarska, E., Gniot, J., Lubinski, A., Gorny, J., Franek, E., Raczak, G., Szwed, H., Monteiro, P., Mesquita Bastos, J., Pereira, H. H., Martins, D., Seixo, F., Mendonça, C., Botelho, A., Caetano, F., Minescu, B., Istratoaie, O., Tesloianu, D. N., Cristian, G., Dumitrescu, S., Podoleanu, C. G., Constantinescu, M. C., Bengus, C. M., Militaru, C., Rosu, D., Parepa, I. R., Matei, A. V., Alexandru, T. M., Malis, M., Coman, I., Stanescu-Cioranu, R., Dimulescu, D., Shvarts, Y., Orlikova, O., Kobalava, Z., Barbarash, O. L., Markov, V., Lyamina, N., Gordienko, A., Zrazhevsky, K., Vishnevsky, A. Y., Gurevich, V., Stryuk, R., Lomakin, N. V., Bokarev, I., Khlevchuk, T., Shalaev, S., Khaisheva, L., Chizhov, P., Viktorova, I., Osokina, N., Shchekotov, V., Akatova, E., Chumakova, G., Libov, I., Voevoda, M. I., Tretyakova, T. V., Baranov, E., Shustov, S., Yakushin, S., Gordeev, I., Khasanov, N., Reshetko, O., Sotnikova, T., Molchanova, O., Nikolaev, K., Gapon, L., Baranova, E., Shogenov, Z., Kosmachova, E., Karpov, Y., Povzun, A., Egorova, L., Tyrenko, V. V., Ivanov, I. G., Ilya, M., Kanorsky, S., Simic, D., Ivanovic, N., Davidovic, G., Tasic, N., Asanin, M. R., Stojic, S., Apostolovic, S. R., Ilic, S., Putnikovic Tosic, B., Stankovic, A., Arandjelovic, A., Radovanovic, S., Todic, B., Balinovac, J., Dincic, D. V., Seferovic, P., Karadzic, A., Dodic, S., Dimkovic, S., Jakimov, T., Poh, K.-K., Ong, H. Y., Tang I-Shing, J., Micko, K., Nociar, J., Pella, D., Fulop, P., Hranai, M., Palka, J., Mazur, J., Majercák, I., Dzupina, A., Fazekas, F., Gonsorcik, J., Bugan, V., Selecky, J., Kamensky, G., Strbova, J., Smik, R., Dukat, A., Žuran, I., Poklukar, J., Černič Šuligoj, N., Cevc, M., Cyster, H. P., Ranjith, N., Corbett, C., Bayat, J., Makotoko, E. M., du Toit Theron, H., Kapp, I. E., de V Basson, M. M., Lottering, H., Van Aswegen, D., Van Zyl, L. J., Sebastian, P. J., Pillay, T., Saaiman, J. A., Commerford, P. J., Cassimjee, S., Riaz, G., Ebrahim, I. O., Sarvan, M., Mynhardt, J. H., Reuter, H., Moodley, R., Vida, M., Cequier Fillat, A. R., Bodí Peris, V., Fuentes Jimenez, F., Marín, F., Cruz Fernández, J. M., Hidalgo Urbano, R. J., Gil-Extremera, B., Toledo, P., Worner Diz, F., Garcia-Dorado, D., Iñiguez, A., Tuñón Fernández, J., Gonzalez-Juanatey, J. R., Fernandez Portales, J., Civeira Murillo, F., Matas Pericas, L., Zamorano, J. L., De Mora Martin, M., Bruguera Cortada, J., Alonso Martin, J. J., Serrano Antolin, J. M., De Berrazueta Fernández, J. R., Vázquez de Prada, J. A., Díaz Fernández, J. F., García Lledó, J. A., Cosín Sales, J., Botas Rodriguez, J., Gusi Tragant, G., Benedicto, A., Gonzalez-Juanatey, C., Camprubí Potau, M., Plaza Perez, I., De La Tassa, C. M., Loma-Osorio Rincon, P., Balaguer Recena, J., Escudier, J. M., Payeras, A. C., Alonso Orcajo, N., Valdivielso, P., Constantine, G., Haniffa, R., Tissera, N., Amarasekera, S., Ponnamperuma, C., Fernando, N., Fernando, K., Jayawardena, J., Wijeyasingam, S., Ranasinghe, G., Ekanayaka, R., Mendis, S., Senaratne, V., Mayurathan, G., Sirisena, T., Rajapaksha, A., Herath, J. I., Amarasena, N., Berglund, S., Rasmanis, G., Vedin, O., Witt, N., Mourtzinis, G., Nicol, P., Hansen, O., Romeo, S., Agergaard Jensen, S., Torstensson, I., Ahremark, U., Sundelin, T., Moccetti, T., Müller, C., Mach, F., Binde, R., Tsai, W.-C., Ueng, K.-C., Lai, W.-T., Liu, M.-E., Hwang, J.-J., Yin, W.-H., Hsieh, I.-C., Hsieh, M.-J., Lin, W. H., Kuo, J.-Y., Huang, T.-Y., Fang, C.-Y., Kaewsuwanna, P., Soonfuang, W., Jintapakorn, W., Sukonthasarn, A., Wongpraparut, N., Sastravaha, K., Sansanayudh, N., Kehasukcharoen, W., Piyayotai, D., Chotnoparatpat, P., Camsari, A., Kultursay, H., Mutlu, B., Ersanli, M., Demirtas, M., Kirma, C., Ural, E., Koldas, L., Karpenko, O., Prokhorov, A., Vakaluyk, I., Myshanych, H., Reshotko, D., Batushkin, V., Rudenko, L., Kovalskyi, I., Kushnir, M., Tseluyko, V., Mostovoy, Y., Stanislavchuk, M., Kyiak, Y., Karpenko, Y., Malynovsky, Y., Klantsa, A., Kutniy, O., Amosova, E., Tashchuk, V., Leshchuk, O., Rishko, M., Kopytsya, M., Yagensky, A., Vatutin, M., Bagriy, A., Barna, O. M., Ushakov, O., Dzyak, G., Goloborodko, B., Rudenko, A., Zheleznyy, V., Trevelyan, J., Zaman, A., Lee, K., Moriarty, A., Aggarwal, R. K., Clifford, P., Wong, Y.-K., Iqbal, S. M., Subkovas, E., Braganza, D., Sarkar, D., Storey, R., Griffiths, H., McClure, S., Muthusamy, R., Smith, S., Kurian, J., Levy, T., Barr, C., Kadr, H., Gerber, R., Simaitis, A., Soran, H., Mathur, A., Brodison, A., Ayaz, M., Cheema, M., Oliver, R., Thackray, S., Mudawi, T., Rahman, G., Sultan, A., Sharman, D., Sprigings, D., Butler, R., Wilkinson, P., Lip, G. Y., Halcox, J., Gallagher, S., Ossei-Gerning, N., Vardi, G., Baldari, D., Brabham, D., Treasure II, C., Dahl, C., Palmer, B., Wiseman, A., Khan, A., Puri, S., Mohart, A. E., Ince, C., Flores, E., Wright, S., Cheng, S.-C., Rosenberg, M., Rogers, W., Kosinski, E., Forgosh, L., Waltman, J., Khan, M., Shoukfeh, M., Dagher, G., Cambier, P., Lieber, I., Kumar, P., East, C., Krichmar, P., Hasan, M., White, L., Knickelbine, T., Haldis, T., Gillespie, E., Amidon, T., Suh, D., Arif, I., Abdallah, M., Akhter, F., Carlson, E., D'Urso, M., El-Ahdab, F., Nelson, W., Moriarty, K., Harris, B., Cohen, S., Carter, L., Doty, D., Sabatino, K., Haddad, T., Malik, A., Rao, S., Mulkay, A., Jovin, I., Klancke, K., Malhotra, V., Devarapalli, S. K., Koren, M., Chandna, H., Dodds III, G., Goraya, T., Bengston, J., Janik, M., Moran, J., Sumner, A., Kobayashi, J., Davis, W., Yazdani, S., Pasquini, J., Thakkar, M., Vedere, A., Leimbach, W., Rider, J., Fenton, S., Singh, N., Shah, A. V., Janosik, D., Pepine, C., Berman, B., Gelormini, J., Daniels, C., Richard, K., Keating, F., Kondo, N. I., Shetty, S., Levite, H., Waider, W., Takata, T., Abu-Fadel, M., Shah, V., Aggarwal, R., Izzo, M., Kumar, A., Hattler, B., Do, R., Link, C., Bortnick, A., Kinzfogl III, G., Ghitis, A., Larry, J., Teufel, E., Kuhlman, P., Mclaurin, B., Zhang, W., Thew, S., Abbas, J., White, M., Islam, O., Subherwal, S., Ranadive, N., Vakili, B., Gring, C., Henderson, D., Schuchard, T., Farhat, N., Kline, G., Mahal, S., Whitaker, J., Speirs, S., Andersen, R., Daboul, N., Horwitz, P., Zahr, F., Ponce, G., Jafar, Z., Mcgarvey, J., Panchal, V., Voyce, S., Blok, T., Sheldon, W., Azizad, M. M., Schmalfuss, C., Picone, M., Pederson, R., Herzog, W., Friedman, K., Lindsey, J., Nowins, R., Timothy, E., Leonard, P., Lepor, N., El Shahawy, M., Weintraub, H., Irimpen, A., Alonso, A., May, W., Christopher, D., Galski, T., Chu, A., Mody, F., Ramin, E., Hodes, Z., Rossi, J., Rose, G., Fairlamb, J., Lambert, C., Raisinghani, A., Abbate, A., Vetrovec, G., King, M., Carey, C., Gerber, J., Younis, L., Park, H. (., Vidovich, M., Knutson, T., Friedman, D., Chaleff, F., Loussararian, A., Rozeman, P., Kimmelstiel, C., Kuvin, J., Silver, K., Foster, M., Tonnessen, G., Espinoza, A., Amlani, M., Wali, A., Malozzi, C., Jong, G. T., Massey, C., Wattanakit, K., O'Donnell, P. J., Singal, D., Jaffrani, N., Banuru, S., Fisher, D., Xenakis, M., Perlmutter, N., Bhagwat, R., Strader, J., Blonder, R., Akyea-Djamson, A., Labroo, A., Lee, K., Marais, H. J., Claxton, E., Weiss, R., Kathryn, R., Berk, M., Rossi, P., Joshi, P., Khera, A., Khaira, A. S., Kumkumian, G., Lupovitch, S., Purow, J., Welka, S., Hoffman, D., Fischer, S., Soroka, E., Eagerton, D., Pancholy, S., Ray, M., Erenrich, N., Farrar, M., Pollock, S., French, W. J., Diamantis, S., Guy, D., Gimple, L., Neustel, M., Schwartz, S., Pereira, E., Albert, S., Spriggs, D., Strain, J., Mittal, S., Vo, A., Chane, M., Hall, J., Vijay, N., Lotun, K., Lester, F. M., Nahhas, A., Pope, T., Nager, P., Vohra, R., Sharma, M., Bashir, R., Ahmed, H., Berlowitz, M., Fishberg, R., Barrucco, R., Yang, E., Radin, M., Sporn, D., Stapleton, D., Eisenberg, S., Landzberg, J., Mcgough, M., Turk, S., Schwartz, M., Sundram, P. S., Jain, D., Zainea, M., Bayron, C., Karlsberg, R., Dohad, S., Lui, H., Keen, W., Westerhausen, D., Khurana, S., Agarwal, H., Birchem, J., Penny, W., Chang, M., Murphy, S., Henry, J., Schifferdecker, B., Gilbert, J. M., Chalavarya, G., Eaton, C., Schmedtje, J. F., Christenson, S., Dotani, I., Denham, D., Macdonell, A., Gibson, P., Rahman, A., Al Joundi, T., Assi, N., Conrad, G., Kotha, P., Love, M., Giesler, G., Rubenstein, H., Gamil, D., Akright, L., Krawczyk, J., Cobler, J., Wells, T., Welker, J., Foster, R., Gilmore, R., Anderson, J., Jacoby, D., Harris, B., Gardner, G., Dandillaya, R., Vora, K., Kostis, J., Hunter, J., Laxson, D., Ball, E., Wells, T., Vora, K., Ball, E., Welker, J., Lopes, R., Egydio, F., Kawakami, A., Oliveira, J., Wozniak, J., Matthews, A., Ratky, C., Valiris, J., Berdan, L., Hepditch, A., Quintero, K., Rorick, T., Westbrook, M., Pascual, A., Rovito, C., Bezault, M., Drouet, E., Simon, T., White, H. D., Alsweiler, C., Luyten, A., Butters, J., Griffith, L., Shaw, M., Grunberg, L., Islam, S., Brégeault, M.-F., Bougon, N., Faustino, D., Fontecave, S., Murphy, J., Verrier, M., Agnetti, V., Andersen, D., Badreddine, E., Bekkouche, M., Bouancheau, C., Brigui, I., Brocklehurst, M., Cianciarulo, J., Devaul, D., Domokos, S., Gache, C., Gobillot, C., Guillou, S., Healy, J., Heath, M., Jaiwal, G., Javierre, C., Labeirie, J., Monier, M., Morales, U., Mrabti, A., Mthombeni, B., Okan, B., Smith, L., Sheller, J., Sopena, S., Pellan, V., Benbernou, F., Bengrait, N., Lamoureux, M., Kralova, K., Scemama, M., Bejuit, R., Coulange, A., Berthou, C., Repincay, J., Lorenzato, C., Etienne, A., Gouet, V., Lecorps, G., Loizeau, V., Normand, M., Ourliac, A., Rondel, C., Adamo, A., Beltran, P., Barraud, P., Dubois-Gache, H., Halle, B., Metwally, L., Mourgues, M., Sotty, M., Vincendet, M., Cotruta, R., Chengyue, Z., Fournie-Lloret, D., Morrello, C., Perthuis, A., Picault, P., Zobouyan, I., Colhoun, H. M., Dempsey, M. A., & McClanahan, M. A.
- Affiliations
- Sanofi (France) (FR)
- University of Belgrade (RS)
- University Hospital Bratislava (SK)
- Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz (ES)
- Imperial College London (GB)
- Regeneron (United States) (US)
- St. Michael's Hospital (CA)
- University of Colorado Anschutz (US)
- Duke University (US)
- Instituto Cardiovascular de Rosario (AR)
- State University of New York (US)
- Inserm (FR)
- Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
- Sanofi (United States) (US)
- Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
- Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (FR)
- Grochowski Hospital (PL)
- Auckland City Hospital (NZ)
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
- ORCID
- Mahaffey, Kenneth W.
- Edelberg, Jay M.
- Sasiela, William J.
- Tamby, Jean-François
- Aylward, Philip E.
- Drexel, Heinz
- Sinnaeve, Peter
- Gotcheva, Nina N.
- López-Jaramillo, Patricio
- Viigimaa, Margus
- Nieminen, Markku S.
- Danchin, Nicolas
- Liberopoulos, Evangelos
- Tse, Hung-Fat
- Xavier, Denis
- Zahger, Doron
- Valgimigli, Marco
- Kim, Sang-Hyun
- Kedev, Sasko
- Alings, Marco
- Halvorsen, Sigrun
- Landmesser, Ulf
- Chiang, Chern-En
- Sritara, Piyamitr
- Parkhomenko, Alexander
- Moriarty, Patrick M.
- Vogel, Robert
- Chaitman, Bernard
- Olsson, Anders G.
- Rouleau, Jean-Lucien
- Simoons, Maarten L.
- Rosenson, Robert
- Sijbrands, Eric J.G.
- Alexander, John H.
- Armaganijan, Luciana
- Bagai, Akshay
- Bahit, Maria Cecilia
- Dombrowski, Keith
- Ducrocq, Grégory
- Endsley, Patricia
- Hlatky, Mark A.
- Jordan, Joseph Dedrick
- Knowles, Joshua W.
- Leonardi, Sergio
- Maron, David J.
- Mehta, Rajendra H.
- Mentz, Robert J.
- Moreira, Humberto Graner
- Patel, Chetan B.
- Povsic, Thomas J.
- Sherwood, Matthew W.
- Toma, Mustafa
- Yan, Andrew T.
- Duronto, Ernesto A.
- Lorenzatti, Alberto J.
- Bono, Julio OE
- Waisman, Gabriel D
- Cestari, Horacio G
- Arstall, Margaret A
- Horowitz, John
- Ninio, Daniel
- Raffel, Owen
- Lehman, Sam J
- Coverdale, Steven GM
- Zweiker, Robert
- Huber, Kurt
- Berger, Rudolf
- Weidinger, Franz
- Leone, Attilio
- Hoffer, Etienne
- Vrolix, Mathias CM
- Beauloye, Christophe
- Convens, Carl
- Barbato, Emanuele
- Claeys, Marc
- Cools, Frank
- Reis, Gilmar
- Silva, Ricardo P
- Kalil, Renato
- Kormann, Adrian
- Bodanese, Luiz C
- Eliaschewitz, Freddy G
- Manenti, Euler Roberto Fernandes
- Ritt, Luiz Eduardo F
- Costa, Fernando
- Pandey, Amritanshu
- Gosselin, Gilbert
- Kouz, Simon
- Leung, Raymond
- Davies, Richard
- Ducas, John
- Lepage, Serge
- Mehta, Shamir
- Lutchmedial, Sohrab
- Varleta, Paola
- Florenzano, Fernando
- Dong, Yugang
- Huang, Weijian
- Wang, Jianzhong
- Yao, Zhuhua
- Wang, Jingfeng
- Li, Jianping
- Chen, Dandan
- Dong, Shaohong
- Cheng, Xiaoshu
- Zong, Wenxia
- Yang, Xinchun
- Lin, Xuefeng
- Zhang, Zheng
- Ding, Chunhua
- Li, Xiaodong
- Liu, Xuebo
- Wei, Meng
- Liu, Shaowen
- Jiang, Weihong
- Zhou, Yujie
- Yuan, Zuyi
- Fu, Guosheng
- Fang, Weiyi
- Yang, Xiangjun
- Xiang, Meixiang
- Strozzi, Maja
- Car, Siniša
- Miličić, Davor
- Benčić, Martina Lovrić
- Pintarić, Hrvoje
- Prvulović, Đeiti
- Šikić, Jozica
- Peršić, Viktor
- Babić, Zdravko
- Lukenda, Josip
- Rokyta, Richard
- Motovska, Zuzana
- Poulsen, Steen H
- Clemmensen, Peter
- Bøttcher, Morten
- Hove, Jens D
- Frost, Lars
- Gislason, Gunnar
- Jeppesen, Jørgen
- Klausen, Ib C
- Huikuri, Heikki
- Airaksinen, Juhani
- Coste, Pierre
- Morel, Olivier
- Montalescot, Gilles
- Mansourati, Jacques
- Cottin, Yves
- Leclercq, Florence
- Delarche, Nicolas
- Boccara, Franck
- Paganelli, Franck
- Aboyans, Victor
- Probst, Vincent
- Lefèvre, Thierry
- Pagava, Zurab
- Hemetsberger, Rayyan
- Omran, Heyder
- Stellbrink, Christoph
- Zirlik, Andreas
- Laufs, Ulrich
- Gielen, Stephan
- Nuding, Sebastian
- Karakas, Mahir
- Simonis, Gregor
- Werner, Nikos
- Weil, Joachim
- Völler, Heinz
- Waltenberger, Johannes
- Schmitt, Susanne
- Offers, Elmar
- Kartalis, Athanasios
- Athyros, Vasilios
- Alexopoulos, Dimitrios
- Hatzitolios, Apostolos
- Ungi, Imre
- Sandhu, Manjinder
- Premchand, Rajendra K
- Oomman, Abraham
- Sawhney, Jitendra
- Guha, Santanu
- Pothineni, Ramesh B
- Patange, Aparna
- Chopra, Vijay K
- Shinde, Rituparna
- Manakshe, Gajendra V
- Karna, Sunil
- Thanvi, Sunil
- Pandurangi, Ulhas
- Abdullakutty, Jabir
- Atar, Shaul
- Shechter, Michael
- Mosseri, Morris
- Arbel, Yaron
- Lotan, Chaim
- Katz, Amos
- Zukermann, Robert
- Halabi, Majdi
- Kornowski, Ran
- Jonas, Michael
- Caraco, Yoseph
- Guardigli, Gabriele
- Scalise, Filippo
- Musumeci, Giuseppe
- Calabrò, Paolo
- Faggiano, Pompilio
- Cavallini, Claudio
- Galvani, Marcello
- Violini, Roberto
- Olivari, Zoran
- Racca, Vittorio
- Takeda, Yoshihiro
- Morino, Yoshihiro
- Hata, Yoshiki
- Kishi, Koichi
- Hirayama, Atsushi
- Taguchi, Shuichi
- Koba, Shinji
- Kawasaki, Tomohiro
- Wada, Atsuyuki
- Shinke, Toshiro
- Ako, Junya
- Fujii, Kenshi
- Sakamoto, Tomohiro
- Furukawa, Yutaka
- Mano, Toshiaki
- Haraguchi, Takuya
- Sato, Katsuhiko
- Ueda, Yasunori
- Fujimoto, Kazuteru
- Park, Hun Sik
- Chae, In-Ho
- Kim, Moo Hyun
- Jeong, Myung Ho
- Rha, Seungwoon
- Tahk, Seung-Jea
- Kubilius, Raimondas
- Ong, Tiong Kiam
- Kasim, Sazzli
- Liew, Houng B
- Karalis, Ioannis
- Al-Windy, Nadea YY
- Bartels, Gerard L
- Cornel, Jan H
- Ronner, Eelko
- Willems, Frank F
- Rasoul, Saman
- Wilkins, Gerard
- Scott, Douglas
- Anscombe, Russell
- Gullestad, Lars
- Jortveit, Jarle
- Sy, Rosa Allyn G
- Sy, Rody G
- Bednarski, Janusz
- Goch, Aleksander
- Kubica, Jacek
- Blicharski, Tomasz
- Gniot, Jacek
- Franek, Edward
- Raczak, Grzegorz
- Szwed, Hanna
- Monteiro, Pedro
- Botelho, Ana
- Tesloianu, Dan N
- Podoleanu, Cristian GC
- Kobalava, Zhanna
- Gurevich, Victor
- Lomakin, Nikita V
- Chizhov, Petr
- Viktorova, Inna
- Chumakova, Galina
- Voevoda, Mikhail I
- Baranov, Evgeny
- Reshetko, Olga
- Sotnikova, Tatiana
- Gapon, Liudmila
- Tyrenko, Vadim V
- Ivanov, Igor G
- Simic, Dragan
- Apostolovic, Svetlana R.
- Poh, Kian-Keong
- Pella, Daniel
- Cevc, Matija
- Ranjith, Naresh
- Ebrahim, Iftikhar O
- Reuter, Helmuth
- Marín, Francisco
- Toledo, Pablo
- Valdivielso, Pedro
- Constantine, Godwin
- Ponnamperuma, Chandrike
- Vedin, Ola
- Witt, Nils
- Mourtzinis, Georgios
- Romeo, Stefano
- Moccetti, Tiziano
- Tsai, Wei-Chuan
- Ueng, Kwo-Chang
- Hwang, Juey-Jen
- Yin, Wei-Hsian
- Hsieh, I-Chang
- Hsieh, Ming-Jer
- Kuo, Jen-Yuan
- Sukonthasarn, Apichard
- Wongpraparut, Nattawut
- Sansanayudh, Nakarin
- Kehasukcharoen, Wirash
- Piyayotai, Dilok
- Ersanli, Murat
- Ural, Ertan
- Tseluyko, Vira
- Mostovoy, Yuriy
- Stanislavchuk, Mykola
- Malynovsky, Yaroslav
- Rishko, Mykola
- Kopytsya, Mykola
- Yagensky, Andriy
- Barna, Olga M
- Trevelyan, Jasper
- Zaman, Azfar
- Aggarwal, Rajesh K
- Clifford, Piers
- Wong, Yuk-Ki
- Subkovas, Eduardas
- Storey, Robert
- Gerber, Robert
- Soran, Handrean
- Mathur, Anthony
- Lip, Gregory YH
- Halcox, Julian
- Rosenberg, Michael
- Kumar, Priya
- East, Cara
- Knickelbine, Thomas
- Haldis, Thomas
- Gillespie, Eve
- Suh, David
- Cohen, Steven
- Haddad, Tariq
- Devarapalli, Sai K
- Koren, Michael
- Janik, Matthew
- Singh, Narendra
- Pepine, Carl
- Gelormini, Joseph
- Keating, Friederike
- Abu-Fadel, Mazen
- Henderson, David
- Horwitz, Phillip
- Lepor, Norman
- Weintraub, Howard
- Mody, Freny
- Rossi, Joseph
- Abbate, Antonio
- Vetrovec, George
- Vidovich, Mladen
- Kimmelstiel, Carey
- Foster, Malcolm
- O'Donnell, Philip J.
- Weiss, Robert
- Pancholy, Samir
- French, William J
- Schwartz, Steven
- Vo, Anthony
- Lotun, Kapildeo
- Bashir, Riyaz
- Jain, Diwakar
- Zainea, Mark
- Karlsberg, Ronald
- Dohad, Suhail
- Khurana, Sandeep
- Agarwal, Himanshu
- Denham, Douglas
- Love, Michael
- Kostis, John
- Berdan, Lisa
- Simon, Tabassome
- Alsweiler, Caroline
- Butters, Julie
- Islam, Shahidul
- Venue
- The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-08
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 618-628
- ISSN
- 2213-8587 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2954453953
- Semantic Scholar
- 6851894f6f592c79864ce1ea2ac6dd961bea7d69
- Cited by
- 315
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 15
- FWCI
- 39.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- SZTE Publicatio Repozitórium (University of Szeged) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion)
- Lanzhou University Institutional Repository (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Hispana (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (submittedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System (Università degli Studi di Brescia) (submittedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele (submittedVersion)
- Lirias (submittedVersion)
- Biblos-e Archivo (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (submittedVersion)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Funders
- American Heart Association
- Boston Scientific Corporation
- Abbott Laboratories
- Janssen Pharmaceuticals
- Amgen
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- Servier
- Cleveland Clinic
- CSL Behring
- Mayo Clinic
- Boehringer Ingelheim
- NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre
- Astellas Pharma US
- Actavis
- AstraZeneca
- Bayer
- Bayer HealthCare
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals
- Daiichi-Sankyo
- Merck Sharp and Dohme
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Portola Pharmaceuticals
- Pfizer
- Seventh Framework Programme
- Hartstichting
- Novo Nordisk
- Ferring Pharmaceuticals
- Biotronik
- Merck
- National Lipid Association
- Novartis
- Roche
- Amarin Corporation
- Medicines Company
- Genentech
- Gilead UK and Ireland Corporate Contributions
- GlaxoSmithKline
- MyoKardia
- Arrien Pharmaceuticals
- Regado Biosciences
- Flatiron Health
- Duke Clinical Research Institute
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
- Sanofi
- American College of Cardiology Foundation
- St. Jude Medical
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Acute Myocardial Infarction Research
- Keywords
- alirocumab, PCSK9 inhibitors, acute coronary syndrome, diabetes mellitus, LDL cholesterol lowering, cardiovascular outcomes, new-onset diabetes, glycemic control, ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Diabetes Complications, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-04, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-04 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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