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Association of disrupted circadian rhythmicity with mood disorders, subjective wellbeing, and cognitive function: a cross-sectional study of 91 105 participants from the UK Biobank
Open accessAbstract
Background Disruption of sleep and circadian rhythmicity is a core feature of mood disorders and might be associated with increased susceptibility to such disorders. Previous studies in this area have used subjective reports of activity and sleep patterns, but the availability of accelerometer-based data from UK Biobank participants permits the derivation and analysis of new, objectively ascertained circadian rhythmicity parameters. We examined associations between objectively assessed circadian rhythmicity and mental health and wellbeing phenotypes, including lifetime history of mood disorder.Methods UK residents aged 37-73 years were recruited into the UK Biobank general population cohort from 2006 to 2010. We used data from a subset of participants whose activity levels were recorded by wearing a wrist-worn accelerometer for 7 days. From these data, we derived a circadian relative amplitude variable, which is a measure of the extent to which circadian rhythmicity of rest-activity cycles is disrupted. In the same sample, we examined cross-sectional associations between low relative amplitude and mood disorder, wellbeing, and cognitive variables using a series of regression models. Our final model adjusted for age and season at the time that accelerometry started, sex, ethnic origin, Townsend deprivation score, smoking status, alcohol intake, educational attainment, overall mean acceleration recorded by accelerometry, body-mass index, and a binary measure of childhood trauma.Findings We included 91 105 participants with accelerometery data collected between 2013 and 2015 in our analyses. A one-quintile reduction in relative amplitude was associated with increased risk of lifetime major depressive disorder (odds ratio [OR] 1·06, 95% CI 1·04-1·08) and lifetime bipolar disorder (1·11, 1·03-1·20), as well as with greater mood instability (1·02, 1·01-1·04), higher neuroticism scores (incident rate ratio 1·01, 1·01-1·02), more subjective loneliness (OR 1·09, 1·07-1·11), lower happiness (0·91, 0·90-0·93), lower health satisfaction (0·90, 0·89-0·91), and slower reaction times (linear regression coefficient 1·75, 1·05-2·45). These associations were independent of demographic, lifestyle, education, and overall activity confounders.Interpretation Circadian disruption is reliably associated with various adverse mental health and wellbeing outcomes, including major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Lower relative amplitude might be linked to increased susceptibility to mood disorders.Funding Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine.
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“Although a few disease-specific studies, limited to patients with mood disorders7,8, have measured the degree of disrupted rest-activity cycles from accelerometry in the UKBB, a comprehensive phenome-wide approach has not yet been established.”
From Diurnal rhythms of wrist temperature are associated with future disease risk in the UK Biobank (2023) · cites this paper as [8]
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“A total of 92,325 participants passed quality control after exclusions based on failed calibration (n = 2826), insufficient data (n = 4258) or crossing over daylight savings time (n = 4279), following prior experiments7,8,20.”
From Diurnal rhythms of wrist temperature are associated with future disease risk in the UK Biobank (2023) · cites this paper as [8]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lyall, L. M., Wyse, C. A., Graham, N., Ferguson, A., Lyall, D. M., Cullen, B., Celis Morales, C. A., Biello, S. M., Mackay, D., Ward, J., Strawbridge, R. J., Gill, J. M. R., Bailey, M. E. S., Pell, J. P., & Smith, D. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (IE)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Lyall, Laura M
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Lancet Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-06
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 507-514
- ISSN
- 2215-0366 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2797066666
- Cited by
- 418
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 56 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 11
- FWCI
- 19.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- eprints.gla.ac.uk
- Licence
- Locations
- The Lancet Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council (MC_PC_17228)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- circadian rhythmicity, sleep disruption, mood disorders, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, mood instability, neuroticism, subjective well-being, loneliness, happiness, health satisfaction, cognitive function, reaction time, accelerometer-measured activity, rest-activity cycle, UK Biobank, childhood trauma, socioeconomic deprivation, mental health risk factors, objective sleep measurement
- MeSH terms
- Circadian Rhythm, Cognition, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, United Kingdom, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sleep, Biological Specimen Banks, Mood Disorders, Accelerometry
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