The DOI matches its Crossref record; 74 of the 75 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Background Studies have reported a significant association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the magnitude of the risk and whether this risk changes with the severity of NAFLD remains uncertain. We performed a meta-analysis of observational studies to quantify the magnitude of the association between NAFLD and risk of incident CVD events.Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from database inception to July 1, 2021, to identify eligible observational studies examining the risk of incident CVD events amongst adult (age ≥18 years) individuals with and without NAFLD and in which NAFLD was diagnosed by imaging, International Classification of Diseases codes, or liver biopsy. The primary outcomes were CVD death, non-fatal CVD events, or both. Data from selected studies were extracted, and meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models to obtain summary hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs. The quality of the evidence was assessed with the Cochrane risk of bias tool. This study is registered on Open Science Framework, number osf.io/5z7gf.Findings We identified 36 longitudinal studies with aggregate data on 5 802 226 middle-aged individuals (mean age 53 years [SD 7]) and 99 668 incident cases of fatal and non-fatal CVD events over a median follow-up of 6·5 years (IQR 5·0-10·2). NAFLD was associated with a moderately increased risk of fatal or non-fatal CVD events (pooled random-effects HR 1·45, 95% CI 1·31-1·61; I 2=86·18%). This risk markedly increased across the severity of NAFLD, especially the stage of fibrosis (pooled random-effects HR 2·50, 95% CI 1·68-3·72; I 2=73·84%). All risks were independent of age, sex, adiposity measures, diabetes, and other common cardiometabolic risk factors. Sensitivity analyses did not modify these results.Interpretation NAFLD is associated with an increased long-term risk of fatal or non-fatal CVD events. CVD risk is further increased with more advanced liver disease, especially with higher fibrosis stage. These results provide evidence that NAFLD might be an independent risk factor for CVD morbidity and mortality.Funding None.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Overall, individuals with MASLD have a higher risk of non-fatal cardiovascular disease (HR 1.40), 25”
From EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). (2024) · cites this paper as [25]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Although some studies indicated a higher risk of cardiovascular disease-related mortality (HR 1.30), 25,26 others did not con fi rm this result in the general population, but only in those with biopsy-proven MASH 24 or other risk factors like T2D. 15”
From EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). (2024) · cites this paper as [25]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
Zhou, Y. J., Li, Y. Y., Nie, Y. Q., Huang, C., & Cao, C. Y. (2011) · Journal of Digestive Diseases · doi:10.1111/j.1751-2980.2011.00571.x · Cited by 80
RetractedThe PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., et al. (2021) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.n71 · Cited by 108,283
Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763
Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions: Cochrane Book Series
(2008) · doi:10.1002/9780470712184 · Cited by 25,048
Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology<SUBTITLE>A Proposal for Reporting</SUBTITLE>
Stroup, D. F. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.283.15.2008 · Cited by 20,623
Estes, C., Razavi, H. A., Loomba, R. S., Younossi, Z. M., & Sanyal, A. J. (2017) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.29466 · Cited by 2,496
Ekstedt, M., Hagström, H., Nasr, P., Fredrikson, M., Stål, P., Kechagias, S., & Hultcrantz, R. (2015) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.27368 · Cited by 2,287
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - a global public health perspective
Younossi, Z. M. (2019) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2018.10.033 · Cited by 2,149
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident cardiovascular disease: A meta-analysis
Targher, G., Byrne, C. D., Lonardo, A., Zoppini, G., & Barbui, C. (2016) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2016.05.013 · Cited by 1,429
Self-citationNonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease 2020: The State of the Disease
Cotter, T. G., & Rinella, M. E. (2020) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2020.01.052 · Cited by 1,251
Adams, L. A., Anstee, Q. M., Tilg, H., & Targher, G. (2017) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2017-313884 · Cited by 1,228
Self-citationTaylor, R. S., Taylor, R. J., Bayliss, S., Hagström, H., Nasr, P., Schattenberg, J. M., Ishigami, M., Toyoda, H., Wai-Sun Wong, V., Peleg, N., et al. (2020) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2020.01.043 · Cited by 1,069
Hagström, H., Nasr, P., Ekstedt, M., Hammar, U., Stål, P., Hultcrantz, R., & Kechagias, S. (2017) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2017.07.027 · Cited by 1,067
Genetics and epigenetics of NAFLD and NASH: Clinical impact
Eslam, M., Valenti, L., & Romeo, S. (2018) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2017.09.003 · Cited by 971
Targher, G., Byrne, C. D., & Tilg, H. (2020) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320622 · Cited by 879
Self-citationThe complex link between NAFLD and type 2 diabetes mellitus - mechanisms and treatments
Targher, G., Corey, K. E., Byrne, C. D., & Roden, M. (2021) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-021-00448-y · Cited by 850
Self-citationVilar-Gomez, E., Calzadilla-Bertot, L., Wai-Sun Wong, V., Castellanos, M., Aller-de la Fuente, R., Metwally, M., Eslam, M., Gonzalez-Fabian, L., Alvarez-Quiñones Sanz, M., Conde-Martin, A. F., et al. (2018) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2018.04.034 · Cited by 806
Kim, D., Kim, R. W., Kim, H. J., & Therneau, T. M. (2013) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.26156 · Cited by 772
Mortality in biopsy-confirmed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: results from a nationwide cohort
Simon, T. G., Roelstraete, B., Khalili, H., Hagström, H., & Ludvigsson, J. F. (2021) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322786 · Cited by 673
Self-citationTargher, G., Tilg, H., & Byrne, C. D. (2021) · The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1016/s2468-1253(21)00020-0 · Cited by 586
Self-citationComplications, morbidity and mortality of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Mantovani, A., Scorletti, E., Mosca, A., Alisi, A., Byrne, C. D., & Targher, G. (2020) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154170 · Cited by 580
Self-citationTargher, G., Bertolini, L., Rodella, S., Tessari, R., Zenari, L., Lippi, G., & Arcaro, G. (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc07-0349 · Cited by 578
Self-citationNonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a novel predictor of cardiovascular disease
Hamaguchi, M. (2007) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v13.i10.1579 · Cited by 541
Exome-wide association study of plasma lipids in >300,000 individuals
Charge Diabetes Working Group, Liu, D. J., The EPIC-InterAct Consortium, EPIC-CVD Consortium, GOLD Consortium, Program, V. M. V., Peloso, G. M., Yu, H., Butterworth, A. S., Wang, X., et al. (2017) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.3977 · Cited by 540
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Heart
Stahl, E. P., Dhindsa, D. S., Lee, S. K., Sandesara, P. B., Chalasani, N., & Sperling, L. S. (2019) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.050 · Cited by 482
Mantovani, A., Petracca, G., Beatrice, G., Tilg, H., Byrne, C. D., & Targher, G. (2021) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322572 · Cited by 481
Self-citationLee, H., Lee, Y., Kim, S. U., & Kim, H. C. (2020) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2020.12.022 · Cited by 463
Mantovani, A., Petracca, G., Beatrice, G., Csermely, A., Lonardo, A., Schattenberg, J. M., Tilg, H., Byrne, C. D., & Targher, G. (2022) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323082 · Cited by 402
Self-citationNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease and mortality among US adults: prospective cohort study
Lazo, M., Hernáez, R., Bonekamp, S., Kamel, I. R., Brancati, F. L., Güallar, E., & Clark, J. M. (2011) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.d6891 · Cited by 395
Mantovani, A., Petracca, G., Beatrice, G., Csermely, A., Tilg, H., Byrne, C. D., & Targher, G. (2022) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324191 · Cited by 363
Self-citationWu, S., Wu, F., Ding, Y., Hou, J., Bi, J., & Zhang, Z. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep33386 · Cited by 318
Ghouri, N., Preiss, D., & Sattar, N. A. (2010) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.23789 · Cited by 302
Adams, L. A., Harmsen, S. W., Sauver, J. L. S., Charatcharoenwitthaya, P., Enders, F., Therneau, T. M., & Angulo, P. (2010) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2010.18 · Cited by 296
Alexander, M., Loomis, A. K., van der Lei, J., Duarte-Salles, T., Prieto-Alhambra, D., Ansell, D., Pasqua, A., Lapi, F., Rijnbeek, P., Mosseveld, M., et al. (2019) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.l5367 · Cited by 254
Baratta, F., Pastori, D., Angelico, F., Balla, A., Paganini, A. M., Cocomello, N., Ferro, D., Violi, F., Sanyal, A. J., & Ben, M. D. (2019) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2019.12.026 · Cited by 252
Haring, R., Wallaschofski, H., Nauck, M. A., Dörr, M., Baumeister, S. E., & Völzke, H. (2009) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.23135 · Cited by 246
Lauridsen, B. K., Stender, S., Kristensen, T. S., Kofoed, K. F., Køber, L., Nordestgaard, B. G., & Tybjærg‐Hansen, A. (2017) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx662 · Cited by 222
Younossi, Z. M., Tampi, R. P., Priyadarshini, M., Nader, F., Younossi, I. M., & Racila, A. (2018) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.30254 · Cited by 212
Liu, Y., Zhong, G.-C., Tan, H.-Y., Hao, F.-B., & Hu, J.-J. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-47687-3 · Cited by 176
NAFLD, and cardiovascular and cardiac diseases: Factors influencing risk, prediction and treatment
Targher, G., Corey, K. E., & Byrne, C. D. (2020) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2020.101215 · Cited by 174
Self-citationHenson, J. B., Simon, T. G., Kaplan, A. J., Osganian, S. A., Masia, R., & Corey, K. E. (2020) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.15660 · Cited by 166
Self-citationPericardial, But Not Hepatic, Fat by CT Is Associated With CV Outcomes and Structure
Shah, R. V., Anderson, A. M., Ding, J., Budoff, M. J., Rider, O. J., Petersen, S. E., Jensen, M. K., Koch, M., Allison, M., Kawel‐Boehm, N., et al. (2017) · JACC. Cardiovascular imaging · doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2016.10.024 · Cited by 153
Prognosis of patients with a diagnosis of fatty liver--a registry-based cohort study.
Jepsen, P., Vilstrup, H., Mellemkjær, L., Thulstrup, A. M., Olsen, J. H., Baron, J. A., & Sørensen, H. T. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 152
Wild, S. H., Walker, J. J., Morling, J. R., McAllister, D., Colhoun, H. M., Farran, B., McGurnaghan, S. J., McCrimmon, R. J., Read, S. H., Sattar, N. A., et al. (2017) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc17-1590 · Cited by 138
Self-citationWong, V. W., Wong, G. L., Yeung, J. C., Fung, C. C. Y., Chan, J. K., Chang, Z. H., Kwan, C. T., Lam, H., Limquiaco, J. L., Chim, A. M., et al. (2015) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.28253 · Cited by 136
Mantovani, A., Dauriz, M., Sandri, D., Bonapace, S., Zoppini, G., Tilg, H., Byrne, C. D., & Targher, G. (2019) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.14044 · Cited by 132
Self-citationNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and the incidence of myocardial infarction: A cohort study
Sinn, D. H., Kang, D., Chang, Y., Ryu, S., Cho, S. J., Paik, S. W., Song, Y. B., Pastor‐Barriuso, R., Güallar, E., Cho, J., et al. (2019) · Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1111/jgh.14856 · Cited by 117
Nonoverweight nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and incident cardiovascular disease
Hashimoto, Y., Hamaguchi, M., Kojima, T., Fukuda, T., Ohbora, A., & Fukui, M. (2017) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000006712 · Cited by 114
Cardiovascular risk factors in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Hagström, H., Nasr, P., Ekstedt, M., Hammar, U., Stal, P. I., Askling, J., Hultcrantz, R. W., & Kechagias, S. (2018) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.13973 · Cited by 109
Impact of NAFLD on the Incidence of Cardiovascular Diseases in a Primary Care Population in Germany
Labenz, C., Huber, Y., Michel, M. S., Nagel, M. C., Galle, P. R., Kostev, K., & Schattenberg, J. M. (2019) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-019-05986-9 · Cited by 107
Meyersohn, N. M., Mayrhofer, T., Corey, K. E., Bittner, D. O., Staziaki, P. V., Szilveszter, B., Hallett, T. R., Lu, M. T., Puchner, S. B., Simon, T. G., et al. (2020) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2020.07.030 · Cited by 107
Self-citationNonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Incident Cardiac Events
Zeb, I., Li, D., Budoff, M. J., Katz, R., Lloyd‐Jones, D. M., Agatston, A. A., Blumenthal, R. S., Blaha, M. J., Blankstein, R., Carr, J. J., et al. (2016) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2016.01.070 · Cited by 101
Pisto, P., Santaniemi, M., Bloigu, R., Ukkola, O. H., & Kesäniemi, Y. A. (2014) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-004973 · Cited by 100
Outcomes of NAFLD and MAFLD: Results from a community-based, prospective cohort study
Niriella, M. A., Ediriweera, D. S., Kasturiratne, A., Silva, S. D., Dassanayaka, A. S., Silva, A. P. D., Kato, N., Pathmeswaran, A., Wickramasinghe, A. R., & de Silva, H. J. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0245762 · Cited by 100
Severity of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Risk of Future Ischemic Stroke Events
Xu, J., Dai, L., Zhang, Y., Wang, A., Li, H., Wang, Y., Meng, X., Wu, S., & Wang, Y. (2020) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.120.030433 · Cited by 99
Fracanzani, A. L., Tiraboschi, S., Pisano, G., Consonni, D., Baragetti, A., Bertelli, C., Norata, G. D., Valenti, L. V. C., Grigore, L., Porzio, M., et al. (2016) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.01.016 · Cited by 93
Morrison, A. E., Zaccardi, F., Khunti, K., & Davies, M. J. (2019) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.13994 · Cited by 92
Pickhardt, P. J., Hahn, L., del Río, A. M., Park, S. H., Reeder, S. B., & Said, A. (2014) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.13.11367 · Cited by 83
Vita, T. S., Murphy, D. J., Osborne, M. T., Bajaj, N. S., Keraliya, A. R., Jacob, S., Martinez, A. J. D., Nodoushani, A. Y., Bravo, P. E., Hainer, J. M., et al. (2019) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2019181793 · Cited by 73
Hwang, Y., Ahn, H. Y., Park, S., & Park, C. (2017) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2017.11.026 · Cited by 71
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with and without metabolic syndrome: Different long-term outcomes
Käräjämäki, A. J., Bloigu, R., Kauma, H., Kesäniemi, Y. A., Koivurova, O., Perkiömäki, J. S., Huikuri, H. V., & Ukkola, O. H. (2016) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2016.06.009 · Cited by 68
Ichikawa, K., Miyoshi, T., Osawa, K., Miki, T., Toda, H., Ejiri, K., Yoshida, M., Nanba, Y., Yoshida, M., Nakamura, K., et al. (2021) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-020-01192-4 · Cited by 60
Azeem, H. A. E., Khalek, E.-S. A., El-Akabawy, H., Na'eim, H., Khalik, H. A., & Alfifi, A. A. (2013) · Journal of the Saudi Heart Association · doi:10.1016/j.jsha.2013.07.004 · Cited by 57
Allen, A. M., Therneau, T. M., Mara, K. C., Larson, J. J., Watt, K. D. S., Hayes, S. N., & Kamath, P. S. (2019) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000000401 · Cited by 52
The impact of modifiable risk factors on the long‐term outcomes of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Paik, J. M., Deshpande, R., Golabi, P., Younossi, I. M., Henry, L. L., & Younossi, Z. M. (2019) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.15580 · Cited by 52
Emre, A., Terzi, S., Çeliker, E., Şahin, S., Yazıcı, S., Erdem, A., Ceylan, U. S., Aşık, M., & YEŞİLÇİMEN, K. (2015) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.09.021 · Cited by 51
Liver Fibrosis, Not Steatosis, Associates with Long-Term Outcomes in Ischaemic Stroke Patients
Baik, M., Kim, S. U., Kang, S., Park, H., Nam, H. S., Heo, J. H., Kim, B. K., Park, J. Y., Kim, D. Y., Ahn, S. H., et al. (2019) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000497069 · Cited by 40
Moon, S. H., Noh, T. S., Cho, Y. S., Hong, S. P., Hyun, S. H., Choi, J. Y., Kim, B., & Lee, K.-H. (2014) · Angiology · doi:10.1177/0003319714537872 · Cited by 34
Liu, H., Cao, Y., Sun, D., Jin, J., Guo, Y., Wu, N., Zhu, C., Gao, Y., Dong, Q., Zhao, X., et al. (2019) · Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology · doi:10.14309/ctg.0000000000000011 · Cited by 28
Niriella, M. A., Kasturiratne, A., Beddage, T., Withanage, S. A., Goonatilleke, D. C., Abeysinghe, C. P., Mel, R. T. D., Balapitiya, T. L., Silva, S. D., Dassanayake, A. S., et al. (2019) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.14237 · Cited by 17
Henson, J. B., Roden, M., Targher, G., & Corey, K. E. (2020) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.31156 · Cited by 16
Self-citationChang, Y., Cho, J., Cho, Y. K., Cho, A., Hong, Y. S., Zhao, D., Ahn, J., Sohn, C. I., Shin, H. C., Güallar, E., et al. (2019) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2019.05.004 · Cited by 13
Motamed, N., Ajdarkosh, H., Ahmadi, M., Perumal, D., Ashrafi, G. H., Nikkhah, M., Faraji, A. H., Maadi, M., Khoonsari, M., Rezaie, N., et al. (2020) · World Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.4254/wjh.v12.i6.323 · Cited by 10
Fatty liver and mortality: a cohort population study in South Italy
Caruso, M. G., Veronese, N., Notarnicola, M., Cisternino, A. M., Reddavide, R., Inguaggiato, R., Guerra, V., Donghia, R., Logroscino, A. F., Rotolo, O., et al. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027379 · Cited by 9
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Tacke, F., Horn, P., Wai-Sun Wong, V., Ratziu, V., Bugianesi, E., Francque, S., Zelber-Sagi, S., Valenti, L., Roden, M., Schick, F., et al. (2024) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2024.04.031 · Cited by 2,210
MASLD: a systemic metabolic disorder with cardiovascular and malignant complications
Targher, G., Byrne, C. D., & Tilg, H. (2024) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2023-330595 · Cited by 1,082
Self-citationCurrent status and future trends of the global burden of MASLD
Miao, L., Targher, G., Byrne, C. D., Cao, Y.-Y., & Zheng, M.-H. (2024) · Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2024.02.007 · Cited by 781
Self-citationA Global View of the Interplay between Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Diabetes
Stefan, N., & Cusi, K. (2022) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(22)00003-1 · Cited by 593
Loomba, R., Abdelmalek, M. F., Armstrong, M. J., Jara, M., Kjær, M. S., Krarup, N., Lawitz, E., Ratziu, V., Sanyal, A. J., Schattenberg, J. M., et al. (2023) · The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1016/s2468-1253(23)00068-7 · Cited by 533
Metadata
- Authors
- Mantovani, A., Csermely, A., Petracca, G., Beatrice, G., Corey, K. E., Simon, T. G., Byrne, C. D., & Targher, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Verona (IT)
- Harvard University (US)
- Southampton General Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Targher, Giovanni
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-11
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 903-913
- ISSN
- 2468-1156 (ISSN-L)
- 2468-1253
- OpenAlex
- W3201276384
- Cited by
- 674
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 160 · 2025: 151 · 2024: 141 · 2023: 122 · 2022: 95 · 2021: 4
- FWCI
- 13.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre (IS-BRC-20004)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular mortality, cardiovascular events, liver fibrosis, disease severity, cardiometabolic risk factors, cardiovascular risk factors, middle-aged adults, NAFLD staging
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Models, Statistical, Survival Analysis, Observational Studies as Topic, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
