Corpus-Assisted Discourse Studies
Abstract
The breadth and spread of corpus-assisted discourse studies (CADS) indicate its usefulness for exploring language use within a social context. However, its theoretical foundations, limitations, and epistemological implications must be considered so that we can adjust our research designs accordingly. This Element offers a compact guide to which corpus linguistic tools are available and how they can contribute to finding out more about discourse. It will appeal to researchers both new and experienced, within the CADS community and beyond.
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Existing technologies have limitations for conducting automated qualitative analysis within corpus approaches to discourse studies.
“recognising the limitations of existing technologies for conducting such analysis within a broader corpus linguistic methodology (Brookes & McEnery, 2019; Gillings et al., 2023)”
From Generative AI for corpus approaches to discourse studies: A critical evaluation of ChatGPT (2024) · cites this paper as Gillings et al., 2023
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Rebechi, R. R. (2019) · Journal of Corpora and Discourse Studies · doi:10.18573/jcads.34 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Stancetaking in Hong Kong political discourse
Liu, M. (2022) · Chinese Language and Discourse An International and Interdisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1075/cld.21001.liu · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Are ‘we’ European? We and us in British EU-related newspaper articles in 1975–2015
Räikkönen, J. (2022) · Journal of Corpora and Discourse Studies · doi:10.18573/jcads.78 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Supporting the corpus-based study of Shakespeare’s language: Enhancing a corpus of the First Folio
Culpeper, J., Hardie, A., Demmen, J., Hughes, J., & Timperley, M. (2021) · ICAME journal · doi:10.2478/icame-2021-0002 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kopf, S. (2019) · Critical approaches to discourse analysis across disciplines · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Penetrating Historical Discourse’s Truth Matrix: A Corpus Analysis of Oral History Testimonies
Fitzgerald, C. (2020) · Journal of Corpora and Discourse Studies · doi:10.18573/jcads.47 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
McEnery, T., & Baker, H. (2022) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.330.02mce · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Corpus Linguistics software:Understanding their usages and delivering two new tools
Gomide, A. R. (2020) · Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
A corpus-based investigation into verbal cues to deception and their sociolinguistic distribution
Gillings, M. (2021) · Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) · doi:10.17635/lancaster/thesis/1324 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationDykes, N., & Peters, J. (2020) · Journal of Corpora and Discourse Studies · doi:10.18573/jcads.35 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
4 of the 163 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
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Research Methods in Applied Linguistics
(2021) · Research methods in applied linguistics · doi:10.1075/rmal · Cited by 2,782 · see citing works
Generative AI for corpus approaches to discourse studies: A critical evaluation of ChatGPT
Curry, N., Baker, P., & Brookes, G. (2024) · Applied Corpus Linguistics · doi:10.1016/j.acorp.2023.100082 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citationClimate change in the UK press: Examining discourse fluctuation over time
Gillings, M., & Dayrell, C. (2023) · Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1093/applin/amad007 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationGillings, M., & Mautner, G. (2023) · International Journal of Corpus Linguistics · doi:10.1075/ijcl.21168.gil · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationCollocations, Corpora and Language Learning
Szudarski, P. (2023) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108992602 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
McClaughlin, E., Elliott, S., Jewitt, S., Smallman-Raynor, M. R., Dunham, S. P., Parnell, T., Clark, M., & Tarlinton, R. E. (2024) · Preventive Veterinary Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106117 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The rise of large language models: challenges for Critical Discourse Studies
Gillings, M., Kohn, T., & Mautner, G. (2024) · Critical Discourse Studies · doi:10.1080/17405904.2024.2373733 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationLGBTQ+ and Feminist Digital Activism
Zottola, A. (2024) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009122962 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Strategic lexicalization in courtroom discourse: A corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis
Khafaga, A. F. (2023) · Cogent Arts and Humanities · doi:10.1080/23311983.2023.2217585 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Constructing proximity in popularization discourse: Evidence from lexical bundles in TED talks
Wang, W., & Csomay, E. (2023) · English for Specific Purposes · doi:10.1016/j.esp.2023.10.003 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Feminism, Corpus-assisted Research and Language Inclusivity
Formato, F. (2024) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009236379 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Gillings, M., Learmonth, M., & Mautner, G. (2024) · British Journal of Management · doi:10.1111/1467-8551.12816 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationFuoli, M., & Beelitz, A. (2025) · Applied Corpus Linguistics · doi:10.1016/j.acorp.2025.100142 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
How humans and machines identify discourse topics: A methodological triangulation
Gillings, M., & Jaworska, S. (2025) · Applied Corpus Linguistics · doi:10.1016/j.acorp.2025.100121 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationZhuang, Q.-Y., Li, X.-T., & Li, X.-Q. (2023) · Corpus-based Studies across Humanities · doi:10.1515/csh-2023-0017 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Aiello, J., & Martino, E. D. (2024) · Journal of World Languages · doi:10.1515/jwl-2024-0007 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
From Argentina to Zimbabwe: Exploring the global appeal of the International Baccalaureate
Fitzgerald, S. (2024) · Applied Corpus Linguistics · doi:10.1016/j.acorp.2024.100096 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Liang, L., & Wang, H. (2024) · Discourse & Society · doi:10.1177/09579265241263969 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Between Nationalism and Globalism: Framing Climate Change Risks in Chinese and American Newspapers
Huang, J., & Liu, M. (2024) · Corpus-based Studies across Humanities · doi:10.1515/csh-2024-0028 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Gómez, M. L. B., & Ortiz, M. J. G. (2024) · Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses · doi:10.14198/raei.2024.41.11 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Programming for Corpus Linguistics with Python and Dataframes
Keller, D. X. (2024) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108904094 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Altamimi, S. (2023) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-023-02267-9 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Framing resilience: Post-disaster communication in Aotearoa-New Zealand
Buelow, F., Brower, A. L., & Cradock-Henry, N. A. (2024) · International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction · doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.105167 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Lexical Multidimensional Analysis
Sardinha, T. B., & Fitzsimmons‐Doolan, S. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009335683 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Corpus Linguistics as a Research Method in Nursing: A Practical Approach to Analysing Language Data
Bond, C. (2025) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.16659 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Using ATLAS.ti for constructing and analysing multimodal social media corpora
Ye, S., & Malory, B. (2025) · Linguistics Vanguard · doi:10.1515/lingvan-2024-0200 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Qualitative Methods in Business Communication: Interpreting the Language and Images of Business
Carradını, S., Gillings, M., & Marsen, S. (2025) · International Journal of Business Communication · doi:10.1177/23294884251362798 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationCorpus-assisted ecolinguistics: an interview with Robert Poole
Poole, R., & Shen, W. (2026) · Journal of World Languages · doi:10.1515/jwl-2025-0081 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Framing the Russia-Ukraine conflict in Chinese Global Television Network English
Novoa-Jaso, M. F., & Breeze, R. (2024) · Tripodos · doi:10.51698/tripodos.2024.56.03 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
201Chapter 8 Dialogical reasoning in separate judicial opinions: The path of negation
Nikitina, J. (2025) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783111569628-009 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Clancy, C., McClaughlin, E., & Cooke, F. (2023) · Anthrozoös · doi:10.1080/08927936.2023.2248762 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Wang, Y. (2024) · Journal of Asian and African Studies · doi:10.1177/00219096241275416 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Zhao, Y., & Wang, J. (2024) · Chinese Journal of Communication · doi:10.1080/17544750.2024.2422399 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mussell, L., & Troath, S. (2025) · Discourse & Society · doi:10.1177/09579265241313187 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The momentum of gender and the SDGs: a corpus-assisted study of Norwegian development aid discourse
Vandeskog, H. O., & Buts, J. (2025) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-025-04684-4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A Corpus-Assisted Perspective on Corporate Wrongdoing: The Boeing 737 Max Crisis
Gillings, M. (2025) · International Journal of Business Communication · doi:10.1177/23294884251339619 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationAn evaluation of the use of keyword analysis for keyword-assisted topic modelling
Batchelor, J., & Lee-Laminack, H. (2025) · Corpora · doi:10.3366/cor.2025.0337 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Iwińska, K., Meler, A., & Troszyński, M. (2026) · Quality & Quantity · doi:10.1007/s11135-026-02726-w · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Trnavac, R., & Tenorio, E. H. (2024) · Applied Corpus Linguistics · doi:10.1016/j.acorp.2024.100108 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The courage to be: LGBTQ+ youth within the heteronormative and cisgenderist school environment
Murphy, S., Harris, R., & Wilson-Daily, A. E. (2024) · International journal of LGBTQ+ youth studies. · doi:10.1080/29968992.2024.2427618 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Social Group Representation in a Diachronic News Corpus
Elmerot, I. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009029063 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Koller, V. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95504-1.00757-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Responding to subtitled K-drama: Artefact-orientation in timed comments
Messerli, T. C., & Locher, M. A. (2024) · Discourse Context & Media · doi:10.1016/j.dcm.2024.100756 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Batchelor, J. (2024) · Applied Corpus Linguistics · doi:10.1016/j.acorp.2024.100117 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Troszyński, M. (2024) · Przegląd Socjologii Jakościowej · doi:10.18778/1733-8069.20.4.03 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A corpus-assisted analysis of the term populism in French and Spanish media discourses
Shchinova, N. (2025) · Journal of Corpora and Discourse Studies · doi:10.18573/jcads.140 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Language of Justice: Examining Courtroom Discourse in an Electoral Conflict
Prihantoro, P., & Gillings, M. (2025) · International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique · doi:10.1007/s11196-025-10299-4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationAutomatic Image Tagging for Corpus Linguistics
Baker, P., Schmück, H., & Qian, Y. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009581233 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationBeyond Criminality: Unveiling the Untold Kathoey Narratives in Thai-Language News Headlines
Sreejak, T. (2025) · Sexuality & Culture · doi:10.1007/s12119-025-10421-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Hocking, D. (2025) · Palgrave advances in language and linguistics · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-89745-0_8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Qualitative Considerations for Building Corpora of Business-Related Texts
Smith, J., & Batchelor, J. (2025) · International Journal of Business Communication · doi:10.1177/23294884251364526 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Who Teaches us About Sex? A Corpus-Based Discourse Analysis of Bilibili Comments
Zhu, M., & Li, X. (2025) · Sexuality & Culture · doi:10.1007/s12119-025-10477-3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Adaptive Legal Literacy in Crisis: Responsible Hotel Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Green, D., & Varburgh, J. C. (2025) · International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique · doi:10.1007/s11196-025-10395-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Pragmalinguistics: Сorpora and discourse studies
Floričić, F., & Sokolova, O. V. (2025) · Russian Journal of Linguistics · doi:10.22363/2687-0088-46503 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Altameemi, Y. M. (2026) · Cogent Arts and Humanities · doi:10.1080/23311983.2025.2592697 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Jin, T. (2026) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-026-06664-8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Nugraha, D. S. (2026) · The language of politics. · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-6175-9_4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A Human-AI Hybrid Framework for Stylistic Analysis: Bridging AI and Humanities Education
Zou, J., & Cai, Y. (2025) · International Conference on Information Education and Artificial Intelligence (ICIEAI) · doi:10.1145/3799457.3799607 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Lehnen, L., Schulz, N., Lemoine-Rodríguez, R., Taubenböck, H., & Biewer, C. (2026) · Corpus-based Studies across Humanities · doi:10.1515/csh-2025-0026 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Language, gender, and (hetero)normativity
Heritage, F. (2023) · Palgrave studies in language, gender and sexuality · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-40184-8_4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Gillings, M. (2024) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.343.03gil · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationBoucher, A., Giovanelli, M., Harrison, C., Love, R., & Godfrey, C. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-52753-1_4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Corpus-based ESP Genre Analysis and Corpus-Assisted Discourse Studies (CADS): Exploring Connections
Flowerdew, L. (2024) · Journal of Corpora and Discourse Studies · doi:10.18573/jcads.124 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
From cross-linguistic to intersectional corpus-assisted discourse studies
Vessey, R. (2024) · Journal of Corpora and Discourse Studies · doi:10.18573/jcads.117 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Green, D. (2024) · Law and visual jurisprudence · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-51248-3_12 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Business communication through a corpus linguistic lens
Gillings, M., & Kopf, S. (2024) · International Journal of Corpus Linguistics · doi:10.1075/ijcl.24061.gil · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationA corpus-based analysis of ‘vernacular synonyms’
Guardamagna, C. (2024) · International Journal of Corpus Linguistics · doi:10.1075/ijcl.22115.gua · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Bartley, L., & Trevisan, P. (2024) · Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1093/applin/amae081 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Yoshimoto, K. (2025) · Applied Corpus Linguistics · doi:10.1016/j.acorp.2025.100120 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Review Article of Das österreichische ABGB - The Austrian Civil Code: Deutsch-Englisch
Green, D., & Varburgh, J. C. (2023) · International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique · doi:10.1007/s11196-023-10043-w · Cited by 1 · see citing works
British and Irish newspapers implicitly support single-use masks over reusable face coverings
Augé, A., Tenbrink, T., Spear, M. J., & Abrams, N. D. (2023) · Frontiers in Communication · doi:10.3389/fcomm.2023.1256349
Heritage, F. (2023) · Palgrave studies in language, gender and sexuality · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-40184-8_1
Maglie, R. B., & Groicher, M. (2023) · Lingue Culture Mediazioni - Languages Cultures Mediation (LCM Journal) · doi:10.7358/lcm-2023-002-magr
„Leczenie COVID-19 u pacjenta” a „Nie lekceważmy zagrożenia 'koronką'"
Zabielska, M. (2024) · Półrocznik Językoznawczy Tertium · doi:10.7592/tertium.2023.8.2.241
Boucher, A., Giovanelli, M., Harrison, C., Love, R., & Godfrey, C. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-52753-1_1
“If we don’t take them off our streets, they’re going to continue to prey on innocent people.”
Marko, K. (2024) · Linguistik Online · doi:10.13092/lo.127.11088
‘Stupid Girls’ vs. ‘Real Men’: Identity Construction and Social Media Polarization over Revenge Porn
Cócera, M. S. (2024) · Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses · doi:10.14198/raei.2024.41.06
Framing discomfort on YouTube: Narratives of non-binary dysphoria
Paglialunga, L. (2024) · Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses · doi:10.14198/raei.2024.41.08
Corpus-Assisted Discourse Studies
Partington, A. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95504-1.00483-x
Corpus Linguistics and Language Ideologies
Vessey, R., & Ajšić, A. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95504-1.00466-x
Corpus Linguistics and Populist Discourse
Breeze, R. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95504-1.00493-2
Fitzsimmons‐Doolan, S., & Pollack, J. B. (2025) · Environmental Management · doi:10.1007/s00267-025-02163-9
The Representation of the Moroccan Sahara in El Moudjahid Discourse: A Critical Study
HERRI, Z. E. (2025) · International Journal of Linguistics Literature & Translation · doi:10.32996/ijllt.2025.8.5.7
Researching grammatical patterning
(2025) · Research methods in applied linguistics · doi:10.1075/rmal.12.c6
(2025) · Research methods in applied linguistics · doi:10.1075/rmal.12.c9
Researching indirect uses of corpora for language teaching and learning
(2025) · Research methods in applied linguistics · doi:10.1075/rmal.12.c7
Researching direct uses of corpora for language teaching and learning
(2025) · Research methods in applied linguistics · doi:10.1075/rmal.12.c8
(2025) · Research methods in applied linguistics · doi:10.1075/rmal.12.refs
(2025) · Research methods in applied linguistics · doi:10.1075/rmal.12.index
Researching word classes using corpora and POS tagging
(2025) · Research methods in applied linguistics · doi:10.1075/rmal.12.c4
(2025) · Research methods in applied linguistics · doi:10.1075/rmal.12.ack
(2025) · Research methods in applied linguistics · doi:10.1075/rmal.12.c5
(2025) · Research methods in applied linguistics · doi:10.1075/rmal.12.c2
Corpus types and research perspectives
(2025) · Research methods in applied linguistics · doi:10.1075/rmal.12.c3
(2025) · Research methods in applied linguistics · doi:10.1075/rmal.12.c1
(2025) · Research methods in applied linguistics · doi:10.1075/rmal.12.for
(2025) · Research methods in applied linguistics · doi:10.1075/rmal.12.int
(2025) · Research methods in applied linguistics · doi:10.1075/rmal.12.toc
Pérez-Paredes, P., Mark, G., & O'Keeffe, A. (2025) · Research methods in applied linguistics · doi:10.1075/rmal.12.prelim
- Authors
- Gillings, M., Mautner, G., & Baker, P.
- Affiliations
- Vienna University of Economics and Business (AT)
- Lancaster University (GB)
- Venue
- Cambridge University Press eBooks
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press
- Published
- 2023-03-20
- OpenAlex
- W4327856924
- Cited by
- 146
- References
- 163
- Citations by year
- 2026: 37 · 2025: 59 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 15 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 163.64
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cambridge University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) (submittedVersion)
- WU Research (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Literature and Literary Theory › Discourse Analysis in Language Studies
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Linguistics and Discourse Analysis
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies
- Keywords
- corpus-assisted discourse studies, discourse analysis, language use in social contexts, theoretical foundations, research design
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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