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The Primacy of Politics: Social Democracy and the Making of Europe's Twentieth Century

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Berman, Sheri·2006·Cambridge University Press eBooks
DOI 10.1017/cbo9780511791109
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Abstract

Political history in the industrial world has indeed ended, argues this pioneering study, but the winner has been social democracy - an ideology and political movement that has been as influential as it has been misunderstood. Berman looks at the history of social democracy from its origins in the late nineteenth century to today and shows how it beat out competitors such as classical liberalism, orthodox Marxism, and its cousins, Fascism and National Socialism by solving the central challenge of modern politics - reconciling the competing needs of capitalism and democracy. Bursting on to the scene in the interwar years, the social democratic model spread across Europe after the Second World War and formed the basis of the postwar settlement. This is a study of European social democracy that rewrites the intellectual and political history of the modern era while putting contemporary debates about globalization in their proper intellectual and historical context.

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  • The breakthrough for social democracy occurred when socialist parties abandoned their class-party self-conception and redescribed themselves as a 'people's party' representing the nation as a whole and appealing to solidarity amongst co-nationals as a basis for social justice.

    “But the breakthrough for social democracy occurred when they abandoned this self-conception, and redescribed themselves as a ' people ' s party ' representing the nation as a whole and appealing to solidarity amongst co-nationals as a basis for social justice.”

    From Solidarity in diverse societies: beyond neoliberal multiculturalism and welfare chauvinism (2015) · cites this paper as Berman, 2006

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  • The idea of the welfare state as an expression of an ethic of nationhood proved to be politically more effective.

    “But the idea of the welfare state as an expression of an ethic of nationhood -captured so evocatively in Per Albin Hansson ' s idea of a ' people ' s home ' (folkhemmet), or in T.H. Marshall ' s claim that the welfare state rests on ' a direct sense of community membership based on loyalty to a civilisation that is a common possession ' (Marshall 1963: 96) - proved to be politically more effective”

    From Solidarity in diverse societies: beyond neoliberal multiculturalism and welfare chauvinism (2015) · cites this paper as Berman, 2006

    The Germany passages discuss national rhetoric as a way to broaden socialism’s appeal, but they do not address whether presenting the welfare state as an ethic of nationhood proved politically more effective. Searches for “welfare state,” “folkhemmet,” Hansson, and Marshall found no passage in our copy that settles that claim; the returned passages have no page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.72)

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Research works printed but not linked: 14

  1. Quoted A. James Gregor, Young Mussolini and the Intellectual Origins of Fascism (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1979), 51.
  2. Alexander De Grand, The Italian Nationalist Association and the Rise of Fascism in Italy (Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1978);
  3. John A. Thayer, Italy and the https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511791109.004 Published online by Cambridge University Press 68 · DOI
  4. David Roberts, The Syndicalist Tradition and Italian Fascism (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1979), 118. 69 Ibid., 73, 133.
  5. Enrico Corridini, "The Principles of Nationalism" (Report to the First National Congress in Florence on December 3, 1910). Reprinted in Adrian Lyttelton, ed., Italian Fascisms (New York: Harper and Row, 1973), 146-8. Also Eugen Weber, "Introduction," in Hans Rogger and Eugen Weber, eds., The European Right: A Historical Profile (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1965), 7.
  6. Roth, The Cult of Violence, 128. Also Roberts, The Syndicalist Tradition and Italian Fascism, esp. chapter 5, and Yarrow, "The Ideological Origins of Italian Fascism." 76
  7. Jennings, Syndicalism in France, 71. On Langardelle and Berth, see also Jules Levey, "The Sore- lian Syndicalists: Édouard Berth, Georges Valois, and Hubert Lagardelle" (Ph.D. Dissertation, Columbia University, 1967);
  8. According to Pierre Andreu. See Jennings, Syndicalism in France, 72. 79 Ibid., 77, 80. 80 Ibid., 77. 81 Ibid., 73. 82 Ibid., 74, 195. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511791109.004 Published online by Cambridge University Press 83 Ibid., 94. · DOI
  9. Michael Curtis, Three Against the Third Republic: Sorel, Barrès and Maurras (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1959), esp. chapter 2; Patrick H. Hutton, "Popular Boulangism and the Advent of Mass Politics in France, 1866-90," Journal of Contemporary History, 11, 1976;
  10. René Rémond, The Right Wing in France: From 1815 to de Gaulle (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1969), esp. chapter 6.
  11. C. Stewart Doty, From Cultural Rebellion to Counterrevolution (Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 1976), and George Mosse, "The French Right and the Working Classes," The Journal of Contemporary History, 7, 3-4, July-October, 1972.
  12. See also Zeev Sternhell, "Paul Deroulede and the Origins of Modern French Nationalism," Journal of Contemporary History, 6, 4, 1971, 68. 124 Ibid., 229. 125 Ibid., 253-4. 126
  13. Muller, The Mind and the Market, 254. Also Jeffrey Herf, Reactionary Modernism (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1984), chapter 6. 127 On the proliferation of such organizations and their implications for German political devel- opment, see Sheri Berman, "Civil Society and the Collapse of the Weimar Republic," World Politics, 49, 3, April 1997. 128
  14. Peter Stachura, The German Youth Movement 1900-1945: An Interpretive and Documentary History (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1981), 17. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511791109.004 Published online by Cambridge University Press · DOI

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Authors
Berman, S.
Affiliations
Columbia University (US)
Corresponding author
Berman, Sheri
ORCID
Berman, Sheri
Venue
Cambridge University Press eBooks
Publisher
Cambridge University Press
Published
2006-08-07
DOI
10.1017/cbo9780511791109
OpenAlex
W84237864
Cited by
514
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 27 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 71 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 39
FWCI
66.55
Type
book
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 2221 d)
Locations
Cambridge University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › European Political History Analysis
  • Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Social Policy and Reform Studies
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Political Economy and Marxism
Keywords
social democracy, political history, industrial world, classical liberalism, Marxism, fascism, National Socialism, capitalism and democracy, interwar period, postwar settlement, European political history, globalization, intellectual history

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