Dietary carbohydrates, glycaemic load, food groups and newly detected type 2 diabetes among urban Asian Indian population in Chennai, India (Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study 59)
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The aim of the study was to examine the association of dietary carbohydrates and glycaemic load with the risk of type 2 diabetes among an urban adult Asian Indian population. Adult subjects aged >20 years ( n 1843) were randomly selected from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study, in Chennai city in southern India. Dietary carbohydrates, glycaemic load and food groups were assessed using FFQ. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed using 75 g glucose in all subjects. Diagnosis of diabetes was based on WHO Consulting Group criteria. OR for newly detected diabetes were calculated for carbohydrates, glycaemic load and specific food groups comparing subjects in the highest with those in the lowest quartiles, after adjustment for potential confounders such as age, sex, BMI, family history of diabetes, physical activity, current smoking, alcohol consumption and relevant dietary factors. We identified 156 (8·5 %) newly diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes. Refined grain intake was positively associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes (OR 5·31 (95 % CI 2·98, 9·45); P < 0·001). In the multivariate model, after adjustment for potential confounders, total carbohydrate (OR 4·98 (95 % CI 2·69, 9·19), P < 0·001), glycaemic load (OR 4·25 (95 % CI 2·33, 7·77); P < 0·001) and glycaemic index (OR 2·51 (95 % CI 1·42, 4·43); P = 0·006) were associated with type 2 diabetes. Dietary fibre intake was inversely associated with diabetes (OR 0·31 (95 % CI 0·15, 0·62); P < 0·001). In urban south Indians, total dietary carbohydrate and glycaemic load are associated with increased, and dietary fibre with decreased, risk of type 2 diabetes.
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Refined carbohydrates, including in sugar-sweetened beverages, increase the risk of diabetes.
“whereas refined carbohydrates, including in sugar-sweetened beverages, increase this risk.41,45–47”
From Worldwide trends in diabetes prevalence and treatment from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 1108 population-representative studies with 141 million participants (2024) · cites this paper as [47]
The Results report a positive association between refined-grain intake and newly detected type 2 diabetes in the Chennai population. They do not establish that refined carbohydrates cause diabetes, and the paper reports no association for added sugar, which it says was consumed mainly in tea and coffee (Results; Discussion, page unavailable). It does not report a diabetes-risk finding for sugar-sweetened beverages as a category. (LLM, conf=0.89)
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Dietary Fiber, Glycemic Load, and Risk of NIDDM in Men
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- Authors
- Mohan, V., Radhika, G., Sathya, R. M., Tamil, S. R., Ganesan, A., & Sudha, V.
- Affiliations
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Mohan, Viswanathan
- Venue
- British Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2009-07-09
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1498-1506
- ISSN
- 0007-1145 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-2662
- OpenAlex
- W2170902117
- Cited by
- 174
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 9.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal Of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, dietary carbohydrates, glycemic load, glycemic index, dietary fiber, refined grains, food groups, Asian Indians, urban population, diabetes risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diet, Dietary Carbohydrates, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, India, Male, Middle Aged, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Risk Factors, Glycemic Index
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