Dietary glycemic index in relation to metabolic risk factors and incidence of coronary heart disease: the Zutphen Elderly Study

van Dam, RM; Visscher, AWJ; Feskens, EJM; Verhoef, P; Kromhout, D

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601086

Cited by 212Food composition and propertiesNutritional Studies and DietDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

Dietary glycemic index in relation to metabolic risk factors and incidence of coronary heart disease: the Zutphen Elderly Study

Open access

van Dam, RM, Visscher, AWJ, Feskens, EJM, Verhoef, P, Kromhout, D·2000·European Journal of Clinical Nutrition

DOI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601086

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Objective To examine whether a high dietary glycemic index is associated with hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in elderly men.Design Prospective study of incidence of major CHD (non-fatal myocardial infarction or death due to CHD) between 1985 and 1995 in 646 men, and a cross-sectional analysis of metabolic risk factors in 1990 in 394 men.Setting Population based study in the Dutch town Zutphen.Subjects Men aged 64-84 y in 1985 without a history of CHD or diabetes, whose diet was assessed with the cross-check dietary history method.Results The dietary glycemic index was positively correlated with consumption (g carbohydrate) of wheat bread (r=0.47) and sugar products (r=0.41) and inversely with fruit (r=-0.37) and milk (r=-0.40) consumption. During 4527 person-years of follow-up, 94 cases of CHD were documented. The risk ratio for CHD was 1.11 (95% CI, 0.66-1.87) for the highest as compared to the lowest tertile of glycemic index after correction for age, body mass index, physical activity, cigarette smoking, and dietary factors (P (trend)=0.70). Furthermore, the glycemic index was not appreciably associated with blood concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerols or (fasting or postload) insulin or glucose.Conclusions Our findings do not support the hypothesis that a high-glycemic-index diet unfavorably affects metabolic risk factors or increases risk for CHD in elderly men without a history of diabetes or CHD.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601086

Cites

25 of 25 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Published cohort studies in the last decade have produced mixed results for the associations of GI and GL with CHD.
“Glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) have been associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in some but not all cohort studies.”
From Associations of Glycemic Index and Load With Coronary Heart Disease Events: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Prospective Cohorts (2012) · cites this paper as [29]
No change was found in the overall conclusions with post hoc sensitivity analyses removing the reports with food diaries and interviews.
“Although no change was found in our overall conclusions with post hoc sensitivity analyses removing the 429,35,43 reports with food diaries and interviews”
From Associations of Glycemic Index and Load With Coronary Heart Disease Events: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Prospective Cohorts (2012) · cites this paper as [29]
The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study found GL but not GI to be positively associated with triglycerides.
“the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study 419 found GL but not GI to be positively associated with triglycerides”
From Triglycerides and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2011) · cites this paper as [419]

Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease: the Zutphen Elderly Study
Hertog, M. G. L., Feskens, E. J. M., Kromhout, D., Hertog, M. G. L., Hollman, P. C. H., Hertog, M. G. L., & Katan, M. (1993) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)92876-u · Cited by 4,336 · see citing works
Self-citation
RE: “TOTAL ENERGY INTAKE: IMPLICATIONS FOR EPIDEMIOLOGIC ANALYSES”
Palmgren, J., & Kushi, L. H. (1991) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115841 · Cited by 2,712 · see citing works
Dextran sulfate-Mg2+ precipitation procedure for quantitation of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol.
Warnick, G. R., Benderson, J., & Albers, J. J. (1982) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/28.6.1379 · Cited by 2,171 · see citing works
Dietary Fiber, Glycemic Load, and Risk of Non—insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus in Women
Salmerón, J. (1997) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03540300040031 · Cited by 1,804 · see citing works
Dietary Fiber, Glycemic Load, and Risk of NIDDM in Men
Salmerón, J., Ascherio, A., Rimm, E. B., Colditz, G. A., Spiegelman, D., Jenkins, D. J., Stampfer, M. J., Wing, A. L., & Willett, W. C. (1997) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.20.4.545 · Cited by 1,426 · see citing works
Carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and incident type 2 diabetes in older women
Meyer, K. A., Kushi, L. H., Jacobs, D. R., Slavin, J., Sellers, T. A., & Folsom, A. R. (2000) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/71.4.921 · Cited by 1,271 · see citing works
A prospective study of dietary glycemic load, carbohydrate intake, and risk of coronary heart disease in US women
Liu, S., Willett, W. C., Stampfer, M. J., Hu, F. B., Franz, M., Sampson, L., Hennekens, C. H., & Manson, J. E. (2000) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/71.6.1455 · Cited by 1,166 · see citing works
Dietary Fat and Coronary Heart Disease: A Comparison of Approaches for Adjusting for Total Energy Intake and Modeling Repeated Dietary Measurements
Hu, F. B., Stampfer, M. J., Rimm, E., Ascherio, A., Rosner, B. A., Spiegelman, D., & Willett, W. C. (1999) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009849 · Cited by 1,085 · see citing works
Insulin Sensitivity and Atherosclerosis
Howard, G., O’Leary, D. H., Zaccaro, D. J., Haffner, S. M., Rewers, M., Hamman, R. F., Selby, J. V., Saad, M. F., Savage, P. J., & Bergman, R. N. (1996) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.93.10.1809 · Cited by 732 · see citing works
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES RELATED TO CORONARY HEART DISEASE: CHARACTERISTICS OF MEN AGED 40–59 IN SEVEN COUNTRIES*
Keys, A. B. (1966) · Acta Medica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1966.tb04737.x · Cited by 588 · see citing works
Dietary Factors Determining Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance: A 20-year follow-up of the Finnish and Dutch cohorts of the Seven Countries Study
Feskens, E. J. M., Virtanen, S. M., Räsänen, L., Tuomilehto, J. O., Stengård, J., Pekkanen, J., Nissinen, A. M., & Kromhout, D. (1995) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.18.8.1104 · Cited by 504 · see citing works
Self-citation
International tables of glycemic index
Foster-Powell, K., & Miller, J. (1995) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/62.4.871s · Cited by 495 · see citing works
Improved glycemic control and lipid profile and normalized fibrinolytic activity on a low-glycemic index diet in type 2 diabetic patients.
Järvi, A. E., Karlström, B. E., Granfeldt, Y. E., Björck, I. E., Asp, N. G., & Vessby, B. O. (1999) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.22.1.10 · Cited by 484 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Shortterm dietary intervention studies have suggested that a low-glycemic index diet improves glucose and lipid metabolism (Brand Miller et al, 1994; JaÈrvi et al, 1999; Frost et al, 1996, 1998).”
Background
Glycaemic index as a determinant of serum HDL-cholesterol concentration
Frost, G., Leeds, A., Doré, C., Madeiros, S., Brading, S., & Dornhorst, A. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)07164-5 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
The Prevalence of Selected Physical Activities and Their Relation with Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in Elderly Men: The Zutphen Study, 1985
Caspersen, C. J., Bloemberg, B. P. M., Saris, W. H. M., Merritt, R. K., & Kromhout, D. (1991) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115821 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Self-citation
Metabolic effects of a low-glycemic-index diet
Jenkins, D. J. A., Wolever, T. M. S., Collier, G. R., Ocana, A., Rao, A. V., Buckley, G., Lam, Y. L., Mayer, A., & Thompson, L. U. (1987) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/46.6.968 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Importance of glycemic index in diabetes
Miller, J. (1994) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/59.3.747s · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Insulin sensitivity in women at risk of coronary heart disease and the effect of a low glycemic diet
Frost, G. S., Leeds, A., Trew, G. H., Margara, R. A., & Dornhorst, A. (1998) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s0026-0495(98)90331-6 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Prediction of Glucose and Insulin Responses of Normal Subjects after Consuming Mixed Meals Varying in Energy, Protein, Fat, Carbohydrate and Glycemic Index
Wolever, T. M. S., & Bolognesi, C. (1996) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/126.11.2807 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Diet and Physical Activity as Determinants of Hyperinsulinemia: The Zutphen Elderly Study
Feskens, E. J. M., Loeber, J. G., & Kromhout, D. (1994) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117257 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Self-citation
Determination of serum triglycerides by an accurate enzymatic method not affected by free glycerol.
SULLIVAN, D. R., Kruijswijk, Z., West, C. E., Kohlmeier, M., & Katan, M. (1985) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/31.7.1227 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Determinants of diet glycemic index calculated retrospectively from diet records of 342 individuals with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Wolever, T., Nguyen, P., Chiasson, J. L., Hunt, J. A., Josse, R. G., Palmason, C., Rodger, N., Ross, S., Ryan, E., & Mh, T. (1994) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/59.6.1265 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Preliminary report The effect of low-glycemic carbohydrate on insulin and glucose response in vivo and in vitro in patients with coronary heart disease
Frost, G. S., Keogh, B. E., Smith, D. M., Akinsanya, K., & Leeds, A. (1996) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s0026-0495(96)90129-8 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
THE REPRODUCIBILITY OF DIETARY INTAKE DATA ASSESSED WITH THE CROSS-CHECK DIETARY HISTORY METHOD
Bloemberg, B. P. M., Kromhout, D., Boer, G. L. O.-D., & van Kampen-Donker, M. (1989) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115405 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Glycemic Index: Flogging a Dead Horse?
Wolever, T. M. S. (1997) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.20.3.452 · Cited by 68 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Triglycerides and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Miller, M., Stone, N. J., Ballantyne, C., Bittner, V., Criqui, M. H., Ginsberg, H. N., Goldberg, A. C., Howard, W. J., Jacobson, M. S., Kris-Etherton, P. M., et al. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e3182160726 · Cited by 1,871 · see citing works
Untitled work
Ludwig (2002) · doi:10.1001/jama.287.18.2414 · Cited by 1,775 · see citing works
Glycemic index, glycemic load, and chronic disease risk—a meta-analysis of observational studies
Barclay, A. W., Petocz, P., McMillan-Price, J., Flood, V. M., Prvan, T., Mitchell, P., & Brand-Miller, J. C. (2008) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/87.3.627 · Cited by 1,061 · see citing works
Glycaemic index methodology
Brouns, F., Bjorck, I., Frayn, K. N., Gibbs, A. L., Lang, V., Slama, G., & Wolever, T. M. S. (2005) · Nutrition Research Reviews · doi:10.1079/nrr2005100 · Cited by 1,061 · see citing works
Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for carbohydrates and dietary fibre
EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, N. (2010) · EFSA Journal · doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1462 · Cited by 912 · see citing works
Glycemic index: overview of implications in health and disease,,,
Jenkins, D. J., Kendall, C. W., Augustin, L. S., Franceschi, S., Hamidi, M., Marchie, A., Jenkins, A. L., & Axelsen, M. (2002) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/76.1.266s · Cited by 827 · see citing works
Diet and risk of type II diabetes: the role of types of fat and carbohydrate
Hu, F. B., Liu, S., & van Dam, R. M. (2001) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s001250100547 · Cited by 758 · see citing works
Saturated fat, carbohydrate, and cardiovascular disease
Siri-Tarino, P. W., Sun, Q., Hu, F. B., & Krauss, R. M. (2010) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.26285 · Cited by 636 · see citing works
Update on Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Light of Recent Evidence: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association and the American Diabetes Association
Fox, C. S., Golden, S. H., Anderson, C. A. M., Bray, G. A., Burke, L. E., de Boer, I. H., DEEDWANIA, P. C., Eckel, R. H., Ershow, A. G., FRADKIN, J. E., et al. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci15-0012 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
Glycemic index in chronic disease: a review
Augustin, L. S. A., Franceschi, S., Jenkins, D., Kendall, C. W. C., & Vecchia, C. L. (2002) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601454 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Update on Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Light of Recent Evidence: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association and the American Diabetes Association
Fox, C. S., Golden, S. H., Anderson, C., Bray, G. A., Burke, L. E., de Boer, I. H., Deedwania, P., Eckel, R. H., Ershow, A. G., Fradkin, J., et al. (2015) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000230 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Glycemic index: overview of implications in health and disease,,,
Jenkins, D. J., Kendall, C. W., Augustin, L. S., Franceschi, S., Hamidi, M., Marchie, A., Jenkins, A. L., & Axelsen, M. (2002) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/76/1.266s · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Cereal grains and legumes in the prevention of coronary heart disease and stroke: a review of the literature
Flight, I. H. K., & Clifton, P. M. (2006) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602435 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load, Carbohydrate and Fiber Intake, and Measures of Insulin Sensitivity, Secretion, and Adiposity in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study
Liese, A. D., Schulz, M., Fang, F., Wolever, T. M. S., D’Agostino, R. B., Sparks, K. C., & Mayer‐Davis, E. J. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.12.2832 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Health benefits of low glycaemic index foods, such as pulses, in diabetic patients and healthy individuals
Rizkalla, S., Bellisle, F., & Slama, G. (2002) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn2002715 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Dietary glycemic index and load in relation to metabolic risk factors in Japanese female farmers with traditional dietary habits
Murakami, K., Sasaki, S., Takahashi, Y., Okubo, H., Hosoi, Y., Horiguchi, H., Oguma, E., & Kayama, F. (2006) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/83.5.1161 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Carbohydrate Digestibility and Metabolic Effects
Wong, J. M., & Jenkins, D. J. A. (2007) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/137.11.2539s · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Glycemic Load and Chronic Disease
Brand-Miller, J. C. (2003) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1301/nr.2003.may.s49-s55 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Effect of blood sampling schedule and method of calculating the area under the curve on validity and precision of glycaemic index values
Wolever, T. M. S. (2004) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn20031054 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Dietary Sugar, Glycemic Load, and Pancreatic Cancer Risk in a Prospective Study
Michaud, D. S. (2002) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/94.17.1293 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Sugars, hypertriglyceridemia, and cardiovascular disease
Fried, S. K., & Rao, S. P. (2003) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/78.4.873s · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Evidence-Based Guideline of the German Nutrition Society: Carbohydrate Intake and Prevention of Nutrition-Related Diseases
Hauner, H., Bechthold, A., Boeing, H., Brönstrup, A., Buyken, A. E., Leschik‐Bonnet, E., Linseisen, J., Schulze, M. B., Strohm, D., & Wolfram, G. (2012) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000335326 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Carbohydrate bioavailability
Englyst, K. N., & Englyst, H. N. (2005) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn20051457 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Effects of an ad libitum low-glycemic load diet on cardiovascular disease risk factors in obese young adults
Ebbeling, C. B., Leidig, M. M., Sinclair, K. B., Seger-Shippee, L. G., Feldman, H. A., & Ludwig, D. S. (2005) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/81.5.976 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Intake of carbohydrates compared with intake of saturated fatty acids and risk of myocardial infarction: importance of the glycemic index
Jakobsen, M. U., Dethlefsen, C., Joensen, A. M., Stegger, J., Tjønneland, A., Schmidt, E. B., & Overvad, K. (2010) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.29099 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Nutritional strategies in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome
Feldeisen, S. E., & Tucker, K. L. (2007) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h06-101 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Dietary glycemic index, dietary glycemic load, blood lipids, and C-reactive protein
Levitan, E. B., Cook, N. R., Stampfer, M. J., Ridker, P. M., Rexrode, K. M., Buring, J. E., Manson, J. E., & Liu, S. (2008) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2007.11.002 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Association between Dietary Carbohydrates and Body Weight
Ma, Y. (2005) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwi051 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Meta-analysis of the health effects of using the glycaemic index in meal-planning
Opperman, A. M., Venter, C. S., Oosthuizen, W., Thompson, R. L., & Vorster, H. H. (2004) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn20041203 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Healthy Plant-Based Diets Are Associated with Lower Risk of All-Cause Mortality in US Adults
Kim, H., Caulfield, L. E., & Rebholz, C. M. (2018) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/nxy019 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Diet composition and the risk of type 2 diabetes: epidemiological and clinical evidence
Parillo, M., & Riccardi, G. (2004) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn20041117 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
High–glycemic index carbohydrate increases nuclear factor-κB activation in mononuclear cells of young, lean healthy subjects
Dickinson, S., Hancock, D. P., Petocz, P., Ceriello, A., & Brand-Miller, J. (2008) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/87.5.1188 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Should obese patients be counselled to follow a low‐glycaemic index diet? No
Raben, A. (2002) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1046/j.1467-789x.2002.00080.x · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Glycemic index and glycemic load in relation to food and nutrient intake and metabolic risk factors in a Dutch population
Du, H., van der A, D. L., van Bakel, M. M., van der Kallen, C. J., Blaak, E. E., van Greevenbroek, M. M., Jansen, E. H., Nijpels, G., Stehouwer, C. D., Dekker, J. M., et al. (2008) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/87.3.655 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Self-citation
High dietary glycemic load and glycemic index increase risk of cardiovascular disease among middle-aged women
Beulens, J. W. J., de Bruijne, L. M., Stolk, R. P., Peeters, P. H. M., Bots, M. L., Grobbee, D. E., & van der Schouw, Y. T. (2007) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.02.068 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Associations of Glycemic Index and Load With Coronary Heart Disease Events: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Prospective Cohorts
Mirrahimi, A., de Souza, R. J., Chiavaroli, L., Sievenpiper, J. L., Beyene, J., Hanley, A. J., Augustin, L. S. A., Kendall, C. W. C., & Jenkins, D. J. A. (2012) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.112.000752 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Diets and Cardiovascular Disease
Parikh, P., McDaniel, M. C., Ashen, M. D., Miller, J. I., Sorrentino, M. J., Chan, V. K., Blumenthal, R. S., & Sperling, L. S. (2005) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.11.068 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Dietary hyperglycemia, glycemic index and metabolic retinal diseases
Chiu, C., & Taylor, A. (2010) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2010.09.001 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
The concept of low glycemic index and glycemic load foods as panacea for type 2 diabetes mellitus; prospects, challenges and solutions
Eleazu, C. O. (2016) · African Health Sciences · doi:10.4314/ahs.v16i2.15 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Carbohydrate Quantity and Quality in Relation to Body Mass Index
Gaesser, G. A. (2007) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2007.07.011 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Dietary carbohydrates, glycaemic load, food groups and newly detected type 2 diabetes among urban Asian Indian population in Chennai, India (Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study 59)
Mohan, V., Radhika, G., Sathya, R. M., Tamil, S. R., Ganesan, A., & Sudha, V. (2009) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114509990468 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Dietary Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease, Stroke, and Stroke Mortality: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Fan, J., Song, Y., Wang, Y., Hui, R., & Zhang, W. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052182 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Association between Carbohydrate Intake and Serum Lipids
Ma, Y., Li, Y., Chiriboga, D. E., Olendzki, B. C., Hébert, J. R., Li, W., Leung, K., Hafner, A. R., & Ockene, I. S. (2006) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2006.10719527 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Dietary Glycemic Load and Index and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in a Large Italian Cohort
Sieri, S., Krogh, V., Berrino, F., Evangelista, A., Agnoli, C., Brighenti, F., Pellegrini, N., Palli, D., Masala, G., Sacerdote, C., et al. (2010) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2010.15 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
The relation of low glycaemic index fruit consumption to glycaemic control and risk factors for coronary heart disease in type 2 diabetes
Jenkins, D. J. A., Srichaikul, K., Kendall, C. W. C., Sievenpiper, J. L., Abdulnour, S., Mirrahimi, A., Meneses, C., Nishi, S., He, X., Lee, S., et al. (2011) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-010-1927-1 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Glycaemic index and metabolic disease risk
Aston, L. M. (2006) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1079/pns2005485 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Dietary Carbohydrates, Refined Grains, Glycemic Load, and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Chinese Adults
Yu, D., Shu, X., Li, H., Xiang, Y., Yang, G., Gao, Y., Zheng, W., & Zhang, X. (2013) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwt178 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Soft drink intake in relation to incident ischemic heart disease, stroke, and stroke subtypes in Japanese men and women: the Japan Public Health Centre–based study cohort I
Eshak, E. S., Iso, H., Kokubo, Y., Saito, I., Yamagishi, K., Inoue, M., & Tsugane, S. (2012) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.037903 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
A whey protein supplement decreases post-prandial glycemia
Petersen, B. L., Ward, L. S., Bastian, E. D., Jenkins, A. L., Campbell, J. E., & Vuksan, V. V. V. (2009) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2891-8-47 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
The Glycemic Index: Physiological Significance
Esfahani, A., Wong, J. M., Mirrahimi, A., Srichaikul, K., Jenkins, D. J. A., & Kendall, C. W. C. (2009) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2009.10718109 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Meta-Analysis of Dietary Glycemic Load and Glycemic Index in Relation to Risk of Coronary Heart Disease
Dong, J.-Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, P., & Qin, L. (2012) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.01.385 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Effect of macronutrients and fiber on postprandial glycemic responses and meal glycemic index and glycemic load value determinations
Meng, H., Matthan, N. R., Ausman, L. M., & Lichtenstein, A. H. (2017) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.116.144162 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Glycemic load, glycemic index and risk of cardiovascular diseases: Meta-analyses of prospective studies
Ma, X., Liu, J., & Song, Z. (2012) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.05.028 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Glycemic index and glycemic load in relation to changes in body weight, body fat distribution, and body composition in adult Danes
Hare‐Bruun, H., Flint, A., & Heitmann, B. L. (2006) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/84.4.871 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Dietary glycemic index, dietary glycemic load, and cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and older Swedish men
Levitan, E. B., Mittleman, M. A., Håkansson, N., & Wolk, A. (2007) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/85.6.1521 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Informing food choices and health outcomes by use of the dietary glycemic index
Chiu, C., Liu, S., Willett, W. C., Wolever, T. M. S., Brand-Miller, J. C., Barclay, A. W., & Taylor, A. (2011) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00382.x · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Correlation between dietary glycemic index and cardiovascular disease risk factors among Japanese women
Amano, Y., Kawakubo, K., Lee, J. S., Tang, A. C., Sugiyama, M., & Mori, K. (2004) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601992 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
The Glycemic and Insulinemic Index of Plain Sweet Biscuits: Relationships to in Vitro Starch Digestibility
Garsetti, M., Vinoy, S., Lang, V., Holt, S. H., Loyer, S., & Brand-Miller, J. C. (2005) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2005.10719489 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Glycemic index, postprandial glycemia and cardiovascular disease
Dickinson, S. P., & Brand-Miller, J. C. (2005) · Current Opinion in Lipidology · doi:10.1097/00041433-200502000-00012 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Impact of Dietary Patterns and Interventions on Cardiovascular Health
Zarraga, I. G. E., & Schwarz, E. R. (2006) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.105.603910 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Muesli with 4 g oat β-glucans lowers glucose and insulin responses after a bread meal in healthy subjects
Granfeldt, Y. E., Nyberg, L., & Björck, I. (2007) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602747 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Cross-sectional relationship between dietary carbohydrate, glycaemic index, glycaemic load and risk of the metabolic syndrome in a Korean population
Kim, K., Yun, S. H., Choi, B. Y., & Kim, M. K. (2008) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114508904372 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Dietary reference intakes: energy, proteins, fats and digestible carbohydrates
van den Brandt, P. A. (2001) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · Cited by 93 · see citing works
The Role of Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load In Cardiovascular Disease And Its Risk Factors: A Review of The Recent Literature
Mirrahimi, A., Chiavaroli, L., Srichaikul, K., Augustin, L. S. A., Sievenpiper, J. L., Kendall, C. W. C., & Jenkins, D. J. A. (2013) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-013-0381-1 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Dietary glycemic index and glycemic load and the risk of type 2 diabetes in older adults
Sahyoun, N. R., Anderson, A. L., Tylavsky, F. A., Lee, J. S., Sellmeyer, D. E., & Harris, T. B. (2008) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/87.1.126 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Carbohydrate quality, glycemic index, glycemic load and cardiometabolic risks in the US, Europe and Asia: A dose–response meta-analysis
Hardy, D. S., Garvin, J. T., & Xu, H. (2020) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2019.12.050 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
High–complex carbohydrate or lente carbohydrate foods?
Jenkins, D. J. A., Kendall, C. W. C., Augustin, L. S. A., & Vuksan, V. V. V. (2002) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(01)00989-5 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Validity of carbohydrate, glycaemic index and glycaemic load data obtained using a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire
Barclay, A. W., Flood, V. M., Brand-Miller, J. C., & Mitchell, P. (2007) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980007001103 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Coronary Heart Disease and Dietary Carbohydrate, Glycemic Index, and Glycemic Load: Dose-Response Meta-analyses of Prospective Cohort Studies
Livesey, G., & Livesey, H. F. (2019) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings Innovations Quality & Outcomes · doi:10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2018.12.007 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Low-glycaemic diets and health: implications for obesity
Livesey, G. (2005) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1079/pns2004400 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Dietary Glycemic Index, Dietary Glycemic Load, Blood Lipids, and Coronary Heart Disease
Denova‐Gutiérrez, E., Huitrón-Bravo, G. G., Talavera, J. O., Castañón, S., Gallegos-Carrillo, K., Flóres, Y. N., & Salmerón, J. (2010) · Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1155/2010/170680 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Dietary Glycemic Load and Glycemic Index and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke in Dutch Men and Women: The EPIC-MORGEN Study
Burger, K. N. J., Beulens, J. W. J., Boer, J. M. A., Spijkerman, A. M. W., & van der A, D. L. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025955 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Reduced glycaemic and insulinaemic responses following trehalose and isomaltulose ingestion: implications for postprandial substrate use in impaired glucose-tolerant subjects
van Can, J. G. P., van Loon, L. J. C., Brouns, F. J. P. H., & Blaak, E. E. (2011) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114511006714 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Glycemic Index, Retinal Vascular Caliber, and Stroke Mortality
Kaushik, S., Wang, J. J., Wong, T. Y., Flood, V. M., Barclay, A. W., Brand-Miller, J. C., & Mitchell, P. (2008) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.108.513812 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Effect of prior meal macronutrient composition on postprandial glycemic responses and glycemic index and glycemic load value determinations
Meng, H., Matthan, N. R., Ausman, L. M., & Lichtenstein, A. H. (2017) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.117.162727 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Dietary Carbohydrates and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in the Framingham Offspring Cohort
McKeown, N. M., Meigs, J. B., Liu, S., Rogers, G. T., Yoshida, M., Saltzman, E. J., & Jacques, P. F. (2009) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2009.10719766 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Low-glycaemic index diets and body weight regulation
McMillan-Price, J., & Brand-Miller, J. C. (2006) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803491 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Rice Intake Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Mortality from Cardiovascular Disease in Japanese Men but Not Women1–3
Eshak, E. S., Iso, H., Date, C., Yamagishi, K., Kikuchi, S., Watanabe, Y., Wada, Y., & Tamakoshi, A. (2011) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.110.132167 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
A head-to-head comparison review of biological and toxicological studies of isomaltulose, d -tagatose, and trehalose on glycemic control
Sokołowska, E., Sadowska, A. J., Sawicka, D., Kotulska-Bąblińska, I., & Car, H. (2021) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2021.1895057 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Carbohydrates, dietary glycaemic load and glycaemic index, and risk of acute myocardial infarction
Tavani, A., Bosetti, C., Negri, E., Augustin, L. S. A., Jenkins, D. J. A., & Vecchia, C. L. (2003) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heart.89.7.722 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Lowering the glycemic index of white bread using a white bean extract
Udani, J. K., Singh, B. B., Barrett, M. L., & Preuss, H. G. (2009) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2891-8-52 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Cross-sectional association of dietary patterns with insulin-resistant phenotypes among adults without diabetes in the Framingham Offspring Study
Liu, E., McKeown, N. M., Newby, P. K., Meigs, J. B., Vasan, R. S., Quatromoni, P. A., D’Agostino, R. B., & Jacques, P. F. (2009) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114509220836 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Glycaemic Index
Lenner, R. A., Asp, N., Axelsen, M., Bryngelsson, S., Haapa, E., Järvi, A., Karlström, B., Raben, A., Sohlström, A., Þórsdóttir, I., et al. (2004) · Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/11026480410033999 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Effects of different dairy products on postprandial lipemia
Clemente, G., Mancini, M., Nazzaro, F., Lasorella, G., Rivieccio, A., PALUMBO, A., Rivellese, A. A., FERRARA, L., & Giacco, R. (2003) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/s0939-4753(03)80007-8 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Effect of almonds on insulin secretion and insulin resistance in nondiabetic hyperlipidemic subjects: a randomized controlled crossover trial
Jenkins, D. J. A., Kendall, C. W. C., Marchie, A., Josse, A. R., Nguyen, T. H., Faulkner, D. A., Lapsley, K. G., & Singer, W. (2008) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2008.01.032 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Dietary glycemic index and load, measures of glucose metabolism, and body fat distribution in older adults
Sahyoun, N. R., Anderson, A. L., Kanaya, A. M., Koh-Banerjee, P., Kritchevsky, S. B., de Rekeneire, N., Tylavsky, F. A., Schwartz, A. V., Lee, J. S., & Harris, T. B. (2005) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn.82.3.547 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Association of Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load With Risk of Incident Coronary Heart Disease Among Whites and African Americans With and Without Type 2 Diabetes: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Hardy, D. S., Hoelscher, D. M., Aragaki, C., Stevens, J., Steffen, L. M., Pankow, J. S., & Boerwinkle, E. (2010) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2010.05.008 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Polyphenols and the glycaemic index of legume pasta
Turco, I., Bacchetti, T., Morresi, C., Padalino, L., & Ferretti, G. (2019) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c9fo00696f · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Glycaemic Index. Relevance for health, dietary recommendations and food labelling
Lenner, R. A., Asp, N., Axelsen, M., Bryngelsson, S., Haapa, E., Järvi, A., Karlström, B., Raben, A., Sohlström, A., Þórsdóttir, I., et al. (2004) · Food & Nutrition Research · doi:10.3402/fnr.v48i2.1509 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Fructose-Containing Sugars, Blood Pressure, and Cardiometabolic Risk: A Critical Review
Ha, V., Jayalath, V. H., Cozma, A. I., Mirrahimi, A., de Souza, R. J., & Sievenpiper, J. L. (2013) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-013-0364-1 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Glycemic index and load—dynamic dietary guidelines in the context of diseases
Colombani, P. C. (2004) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.07.029 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
High Dietary Glycemic Index and Low Fiber Content Are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Silva, F. M., Steemburgo, T., de Mello, V. D., Tonding, S. F., Gross, J. L., & de Azevedo, M. J. (2011) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2011.10719953 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Dietary glycaemic index and glycaemic load in Danish children in relation to body fatness
Nielsen, B., Bjørnsbo, K. S., Tetens, I., & Heitmann, B. L. (2005) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn20051465 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Dietary approach to hypertension based on low glycaemic index and principles of DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension): a randomised trial in a primary care service
Lima, S. T. R. M., de Souza, B. D. S. N., França, A. K. T. D. C., Filho, N. S., & Sichieri, R. (2013) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114513000718 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Should glycemic index and glycemic load be considered in dietary recommendations?
Hare‐Bruun, H., Nielsen, B., Grau, K., Oxlund, A. L., & Heitmann, B. L. (2008) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00108.x · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Carbohydrates and Dietary Fiber
Suter, P. M. (2005) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/3-540-27661-0_8 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
A robust optimization approach to diet problem with overall glycemic load as objective function
Baş, E. (2014) · Applied Mathematical Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.apm.2014.03.049 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and cardiovascular disease risk factors: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.
Hosseinpour‐Niazi, S., Sohrab, G., Asghari, G., Mirmiran, P., Moslehi, N., & Azizi, F. (2013) · PubMed · Cited by 39 · see citing works
More favorable dietary patterns are associated with lower glycemic load in older adults
Davis, M. S., Miller, C. K., & Mitchell, D. C. (2004) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2004.09.029 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Glycemic load, glycemic index, and pancreatic cancer risk in the Netherlands Cohort Study
Heinen, M. M., Verhage, B. A. J., Lumey, L. H., Brants, H. A. M., Goldbohm, R. A., & van den Brandt, P. A. (2008) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/87.4.970 · Cited by 38 · see citing works

Glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of coronary heart disease: a pan-European cohort study
Sieri, S., Agnoli, C., Grioni, S., Weiderpass, E., Mattiello, A., Sluijs, I., Sánchez, M., Jakobsen, M. U., Sweeting, M. J., van der Schouw, Y. T., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqaa157 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Abstract P064: Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in a Prospective Study Among US Male Health Professionals
Li, S., Hu, F. B., Forman, J. P., & Rimm, E. B. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circ.125.suppl_10.ap064
Dietary Glycemic Index, Dietary Glycemic Load, Blood Lipids, and Coronary Heart Disease
Denova‐Gutiérrez, E., Huitrón-Bravo, G. G., Talavera, J. O., Castañón, S., Gallegos-Carrillo, K., Flóres, Y. N., & Salmerón, J. (2010) · Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1155/2010/170680 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Association between glycemic index and glycemic load and the risk of incident coronary heart disease among whites and African Americans with and without type 2 diabetes: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study
Hardy, D. S. (2008) · Digital Commons-TMC (Texas Medical Center)
Dietary glycaemic index (GI) in relation to metabolic risk fators in a Dutch population at risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease
Du, H., van Bakel, M. M. E., Kallen, C., Dekker, J., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & Feskens, E. J. M. (2007) · Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling
Self-citation

Authors: van Dam, R., Visscher, A., Feskens, E., Verhoef, P., & Kromhout, D.
Affiliations: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (NL)
Wageningen University & Research (NL)
ORCID: Verhoef, P
Venue: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2000-09-01
Volume: 54
Issue: 9
Pages: 726-731
ISSN: 0954-3007 (ISSN-L)
1476-5640
DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601086
OpenAlex: W1975546604
Cited by: 212
References: 25
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 6.95
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
research.wur.nl
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
Rivm Repository (Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment) (submittedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords: dietary glycemic index, coronary artery disease, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, metabolic risk factors, older men, myocardial infarction, dietary carbohydrates, wheat bread, sugar consumption, fruit consumption, milk consumption, Zutphen Elderly Study
MeSH terms: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Blood Glucose, Coronary Disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Dietary Carbohydrates, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Incidence, Diabetes Complications

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Dietary glycemic index in relation to metabolic risk factors and incidence of coronary heart disease: the Zutphen Elderly Study

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks