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Cited by 272Health and Conflict StudiesGender, Security, and ConflictPolitical Conflict and Governance

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 58 of the 58 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Unequal Burden of War: The Effect of Armed Conflict on the Gender Gap in Life Expectancy

Open access
Plümper, Thomas, Neumayer, Eric·2006·International Organization
DOI 10.1017/s0020818306060231
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Abstract

Most combatants in armed conflict are men, so naturally men are the major direct victims of military operations. Yet armed conflicts have important indirect negative consequences on agriculture, infrastructure, public health provision, and social order. These indirect consequences are often overlooked and underappreciated. They also affect women—arguably more so than men. This article provides the first rigorous analysis of the impact of armed conflict on female life expectancy relative to male. We find that over the entire conflict period, interstate and civil wars on average affect women more adversely than men. In peacetime, women typically live longer than men. Hence, armed conflict tends to decrease the gap between female and male life expectancy. For civil wars, we also find that ethnic wars and wars in “failed” states are much more damaging to women than other civil wars. Our findings challenge policymakers as well as international and humanitarian organizations to develop policies that tackle the large indirect and long-term negative health impacts of armed conflicts.

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Show all 58 references

Research works printed but not linked: 14

  1. Carpenter, R. Charli .2004.Beyond “Genderdice.” InGendercide and Genocide, edited by Adam Jones ,230–56.Nashville, Tenn.:Vanderbilt University Press.
  2. Toole, Michael J. 1997.Displaced Persons and War. InWar and Public Health, edited by Berry S. Levy and Victor W. Sidel ,197–211.New York:Oxford University Press.
  3. King, Gary , and Lisa L. Martin .2001.The Human Costs of Military Conflict.Overview Paper for Conference on Military Conflict as a PublicHealth Problem, September, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University.
  4. Askin, Kelly Dawn .1997.War Crimes Against Women—Prosecution in War CrimesTribunals.The Hague, Netherlands:Martinus Nijhoff. · DOI
  5. Garfield, Richard M. , and Alfred I. Neugut .1997.The Human Consequences of War. InWar and Public Health, edited by Berry S. Levy and Victor W. Sidel ,27–38.New York:Oxford University Press.
  6. Seifert, Ruth .1994.War and Rape: A Preliminary Analysis. InMass Rape: The War Against Women in Bosnia-Herzegovina, editedby Alexandra Stiglmayer and Marion Faber ,54–72.Lincoln:University of Nebraska Press.
  7. Rotberg, Robert I. , ed.2004.When States Fail: Causes and Consequences.Princeton, N.J.:Princeton University Press. · DOI
  8. Ashford, Mary-Wynne , and Yolanda Huet-Vaughn .1997.The Impact of War on Women. InWar and Public Health, edited by Berry S. Levy and Victor W. Sidel ,186–96.New York:Oxford University Press.
  9. Carver, Terrell .2004.Men and Masculinities in Gendercide/Genocide. InGendercide and Genocide, edited by Adam Jones ,272–94.Nashville, Tenn.:Vanderbilt University Press.
  10. Foege, William H. 1997.Arms and Public Health: A Global Perspective. InWar and Public Health, edited by Berry S. Levy and Victor W. Sidel ,3–11.New York:Oxford University Press.
  11. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) .2004.Human Development Report.New York:Oxford University Press.
  12. Jones, Adam ed.2004.Gendercide and Genocide.Nashville, Tenn.:Vanderbilt University Press.
  13. Stiglmayer, Alexandra , and Marion Faber .1994.Mass Rape: The War Against Women in Bosnia-Herzegovina.Lincoln:University of Nebraska Press.
  14. Human Security Centre .2004.Deadly Connections: The War/Disease Nexus Workshop Report March22–23.Vancouver, Canada:Human Security Centre.

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Metadata

Authors
Plümper, T., & Neumayer, E.
Affiliations
  • University of Essex (GB)
  • Peace Research Institute Oslo (NO)
ORCID
Neumayer, Eric
Venue
International Organization
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
2006-07
Volume
60
Issue
3
Pages
723-754
ISSN
  • 0020-8183 (ISSN-L)
  • 1531-5088
DOI
10.1017/s0020818306060231
OpenAlex
W3123057741
Cited by
269
References
58
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
FWCI
14.76
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 39 d)
Locations
  • International Organization (publishedVersion)
  • WU Research (publishedVersion)
  • London School of Economics and Political Science Research Online (London School of Economics and Political Science) (submittedVersion)
  • London School of Economics and Political Science Theses Online (London School of Economics and Political Science) (submittedVersion)
  • SSRN Electronic Journal (submittedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Leverhulme Trust
  • European Commission
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health and Conflict Studies
  • Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender, Security, and Conflict
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Political Conflict and Governance
Keywords
armed conflict, gender differences in life expectancy, female life expectancy, civil war, interstate war, ethnic conflict, failed states, gender inequality

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