The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Sticks and Stones: Naming and Shaming the Human Rights Enforcement Problem
Open accessAbstract
“Naming and shaming” is a popular strategy to enforce international human rights norms and laws. Nongovernmental organizations, news media, and international organizations publicize countries' violations and urge reform. Evidence that these spotlights are followed by improvements is anecdotal. This article analyzes the relationship between global naming and shaming efforts and governments' human rights practices for 145 countries from 1975 to 2000. The statistics show that governments put in the spotlight for abuses continue or even ramp up some violations afterward, while reducing others. One reason is that governments' capacities for human rights improvements vary across types of violations. Another is that governments are strategically using some violations to offset other improvements they make in response to international pressure to stop violations.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
What To Do (and Not to Do) with Time-Series Cross-Section Data
Beck, N., & Katz, J. N. (1995) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/2082979 · Cited by 6,840
Testing for Weak Instruments in Linear IV Regression
Stock, J., & Yogo, M. (2002) · doi:10.3386/t0284 · Cited by 1,842
Trials and Errors: Principle and Pragmatism in Strategies of International Justice
Snyder, J., & Vinjamuri, L. (2004) · International Security · doi:10.1162/016228803773100066 · Cited by 644
The Marketing of Rebellion: Insurgents, Media, and International Activism
Bob, C. (2005) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511756245 · Cited by 627
Cited by
An Empirical Evaluation of Explanations for State Repression
HILL, D. W., & JONES, Z. M. (2014) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055414000306 · Cited by 450
Protection Through Presence: UN Peacekeeping and the Costs of Targeting Civilians
Fjelde, H., Hultman, L., & Nilsson, D. (2019) · International Organization · doi:10.1017/s0020818318000346 · Cited by 258
Fight the Youth: Youth bulges and state repression
Nordås, R., & Davenport, C. (2013) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/ajps.12025 · Cited by 208
Making the World Safe for Dictatorship
Dukalskis, A. (2021) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197520130.001.0001 · Cited by 151
International law, military effectiveness, and public support for drone strikes
Kreps, S. E., & Wallace, G. P. R. (2016) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343316657405 · Cited by 128
Metadata
- Authors
- Hafner-Burton, E. M.
- Venue
- International Organization
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2008-10
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 689-716
- ISSN
- 0020-8183 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-5088
- OpenAlex
- W2123359946
- Cited by
- 926
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 45.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Sticks and Stones: Naming and Shaming the Human Rights Enforcement Problem. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1017/s0020818308080247
- The paper
- Hafner-Burton, E. M. (2008). Sticks and Stones: Naming and Shaming the Human Rights Enforcement Problem. International Organization. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020818308080247
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
