The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Testing Theories of Capital Structure and Estimating the Speed of Adjustment
Open accessAbstract
This paper examines time-series patterns of external financing decisions and shows that publicly traded U.S. firms fund a much larger proportion of their financing deficit with external equity when the cost of equity capital is low. The historical values of the cost of equity capital have long-lasting effects on firms’ capital structures through their influence on firms’ historical financing decisions. We also introduce a new econometric technique to deal with biases in estimates of the speed of adjustment toward target leverage. We find that firms adjust toward target leverage at a moderate speed, with a half-life of 3.7 years for book leverage, even after controlling for the traditional determinants of capital structure and firm fixed effects.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models
Blundell, R., & Bond, S. (1998) · Journal of Econometrics · doi:10.1016/s0304-4076(98)00009-8 · Cited by 22,571
Another look at the instrumental variable estimation of error-components models
Arellano, M., & Bover, O. (1995) · Journal of Econometrics · doi:10.1016/0304-4076(94)01642-d · Cited by 19,880
Biases in dynamic models with fixed effects
Nickell, S. (1981) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1911408 · Cited by 8,735
Hsiao, C. (2014) · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139839327 · Cited by 7,869
MYERS, S. C. (1984) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.1984.tb03646.x · Cited by 7,526
Testing Static Trade-off Against Pecking Order Models of Capital Structure
Shyam-Sunder, L., & Myers, S. (1994) · doi:10.3386/w4722 · Cited by 1,165
Cited by
Capital structure decisions: Which factors are reliably important?
Frank, M. Z., & Goyal, V. K. (2009) · Financial Management · doi:10.1111/j.1755-053x.2009.01026.x · Cited by 2,859
Endogeneity in Empirical Corporate Finance1
Roberts, M. R., & Whited, T. M. (2013) · Handbook of the Economics of Finance · doi:10.1016/b978-0-44-453594-8.00007-0 · Cited by 2,459
Institutional determinants of capital structure adjustment speeds
Öztekin, Ö., & Flannery, M. J. (2012) · Journal of Financial Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jfineco.2011.08.014 · Cited by 616
A Review of Empirical Capital Structure Research and Directions for the Future
Graham, J. R., & Leary, M. T. (2011) · Annual Review of Financial Economics · doi:10.1146/annurev-financial-102710-144821 · Cited by 547
Is working capital management value-enhancing? Evidence from firm performance and investments
Aktas, N., Croci, E., & Petmezas, D. (2015) · Journal of Corporate Finance · doi:10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2014.12.008 · Cited by 534
Metadata
- Authors
- Huang, R., & Ritter, J. R.
- Venue
- Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2009-04
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 237-271
- ISSN
- 0022-1090 (ISSN-L)
- 1756-6916
- OpenAlex
- W3122420571
- Cited by
- 932
- References
- 6
- FWCI
- 186.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Testing Theories of Capital Structure and Estimating the Speed of Adjustment. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1017/s0022109009090152
- The paper
- Huang, R., & Ritter, J. R. (2009). Testing Theories of Capital Structure and Estimating the Speed of Adjustment. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022109009090152
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.