North African reference equation for peak nasal inspiratory flow
Abstract
Aim: To assess, in healthy North African subjects, the applicability and reliability of a previously published reference equation and normal values for peak nasal inspiratory flow, and to calculate a peak nasal inspiratory flow reference equation in this population. Subjects and methods: Anthropometric data were recorded in 212 volunteers (100 females and 112 males) aged 13–27 years. Peak nasal inspiratory flow was measured several times. Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses were used to determine the reference equation. Results: The previously published reference equation and normal values did not reliably predict peak nasal inspiratory flow in the study population. In our subjects, the reference equation (r2 = 30 per cent) for peak nasal inspiratory flow (l/min) was 1.4256 × height (m) + 33.0215 × gender (where 0 = female, 1 = male) + 1.4117 × age (years) − 136.6778. The lower limit of normal was calculated by subtracting from the peak nasal inspiratory flow reference value (84 l/min). Conclusion: This is the first published study to calculate a reference equation for peak nasal inspiratory flow in North African subjects. This equation enables objective evaluation of nasal airway patency in patients of North African origin.
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PNIF values are higher in men than in women and are proportional to height; they increase from childhood to adulthood and then decrease in the elderly.
“In general, values are higher in men than in women and are proportional to height; they increase from childhood to adulthood and then decrease in the elderly [57,62].”
From Position Paper on Nasal Obstruction: Evaluation and Treatment (2018) · cites this paper as [62]
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STATISTICAL METHODS FOR ASSESSING AGREEMENT BETWEEN TWO METHODS OF CLINICAL MEASUREMENT
Martin Bland, J., & Altman, D. (1986) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(86)90837-8 · Cited by 47,965 · see citing works
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Ottaviano, G., & Fokkens, W. J. (2016) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.12778 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Position Paper on Nasal Obstruction: Evaluation and Treatment
SEAIC Rhinoconjunctivitis Committee & SEORL Rhinology, A., Valero, A., Navarro, A., del Cuvillo, A., Alobid, I., Benito, Jr., Colás, C., de los Santos, G., Fernández Liesa, R., García-Lliberós, A., et al. (2018) · Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.18176/jiaci.0232 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Objective measures for functional diagnostic of the upper airways: practical aspects
Chaves, C., de Andrade, C. R., & Ibiapina, C. (2014) · Rhinology journal · doi:10.4193/rhino13.109 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Correlation between peak nasal inspiratory flow and peak expiratory flow in children and adolescents
Chaves, C., Ibiapina, C., Andrade, C. R., Godinho, R., Alvim, C. G., & Cruz, A. A. (2012) · Rhinology journal · doi:10.4193/rhin12.073 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bouzgarou, M. D., Saad, H. B., Chouchane, A., Cheikh, I. B., Zbidi, A., Dessanges, J. F., & Tabka, Z.
- Affiliations
- Hôpital Farhat Hached (TN)
- Hôpital Cochin (FR)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Laryngology & Otology
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2011-02-28
- Volume
- 125
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 595-602
- ISSN
- 0022-2151 (ISSN-L)
- 1748-5460
- OpenAlex
- W2122436086
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Laryngology & Otology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Nasal Surgery and Airway Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Otorhinolaryngology › Sinusitis and nasal conditions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Keywords
- peak nasal inspiratory flow, reference equations, nasal patency, North African populations, anthropometric predictors, lower limit of normal, healthy young adults
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Africa, Northern, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anthropometry, Inhalation, Biometry, Body Height, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nasal Cavity, Reference Values, Regression Analysis, Pulmonary Ventilation, Sex Characteristics, Reproducibility of Results, Nasal Obstruction, Linear Models, Rhinomanometry, Black People, Young Adult, Biostatistics
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