The DOI matches its Crossref record; 73 of the 73 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Energy sensing by the AMP-activated protein kinase and its effects on muscle metabolism
Open accessAbstract
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a sensor of cellular energy status, and a regulator of energy balance at both the cellular and whole body levels. Although ubiquitously expressed, its function is best understood in skeletal muscle. AMPK contains sites that reversibly bind AMP or ATP, with an increase in cellular AMP:ATP ratio (signalling a fall in cellular energy status) switching on the kinase. In muscle, AMPK activation is therefore triggered by sustained contraction, and appears to be particularly important in the metabolic changes that occur in the transition from resistance to endurance exercise. Once activated, AMPK switches on catabolic processes that generate ATP, while switching off energy-requiring processes not essential in the short term. Thus, it acutely activates glucose uptake (by promoting translocation of the transporter GLUT4 to the membrane) and fatty acid oxidation, while switching off glycogen synthesis and protein synthesis (the later via inactivation of the mammalian target-of-rapamycin pathway). Prolonged AMPK activation also causes some of the chronic adaptations to endurance exercise, such as increased GLUT4 expression and mitochondrial biogenesis. AMPK contains a glycogen-binding domain that causes a sub-fraction to bind to the surface of the glycogen particle, and it can inhibit glycogen synthesis by phosphorylating glycogen synthase. We have shown that AMPK is inhibited by exposed non-reducing ends in glycogen. We are working on the hypothesis that this ensures that glycogen synthesis is rapidly activated when glycogen becomes depleted after exercise, but is switched off again as soon as glycogen stores are replenished.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Therefore, it comes as no surprise that AMPK is a key mediator of the adaptation to endurance exercise, particularly in skeletal muscle (54).”
From The Hippo signal transduction network for exercise physiologists (2016) · cites this paper as [54]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Prolonged AMPK activation can lead to a chronic adaptation to endurance exercise, like mitochondrial biogenesis and increased GLUT4 expression [60].”
From Regulation of Energy Substrate Metabolism in Endurance Exercise (2021) · cites this paper as [60]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The protein kinase complement of the human genome
Manning, G., Whyte, D. B., Martinez, R., Hunter, T., & Sudarsanam, S. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1075762 · Cited by 8,145
Role of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Mechanism of Metformin Action
Zhou, G., Myers, R., Li, Y., Chen, Y., Shen, X., Fenyk-Melody, J., Wu, M., Ventre, J., Doebber, T., Fujii, N., et al. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci13505 · Cited by 5,652
Yamauchi, T., Kamon, J., Minokoshi, Y., Ito, Y., Waki, H., Uchida, S., Yamashita, S., Noda, M., Kita, S., Ueki, K., et al. (2002) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm788 · Cited by 4,238
TSC2 Mediates Cellular Energy Response to Control Cell Growth and Survival
Inoki, K., Zhu, T., & Guan, K.-L. (2003) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00929-2 · Cited by 3,914
AMPK Phosphorylation of Raptor Mediates a Metabolic Checkpoint
Gwinn, D. M., Shackelford, D. B., Egan, D. F., Mihaylova, M. M., Mery, A., Vasquez, D. S., Turk, B. E., & Shaw, R. J. (2008) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2008.03.003 · Cited by 3,849
AMPK regulates energy expenditure by modulating NAD+ metabolism and SIRT1 activity
Cantó, C., Gerhart-Hines, Z., Feige, J. N., Lagouge, M., Noriega, L., Milne, J. C., Elliott, P. J., Puigserver, P., & Auwerx, J. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07813 · Cited by 3,300
Cloning of adiponectin receptors that mediate antidiabetic metabolic effects
Yamauchi, T., Kamon, J., Ito, Y., Tsuchida, A., Yokomizo, T., Kita, S., Sugiyama, T., Miyagishi, M., Hara, K., Tsunoda, M., et al. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01705 · Cited by 3,176
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) action in skeletal muscle via direct phosphorylation of PGC-1α
Jäger, S., Handschin, C., St.-Pierre, J., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0705070104 · Cited by 2,491
AMP-activated/SNF1 protein kinases: conserved guardians of cellular energy
Hardie, D. G. (2007) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm2249 · Cited by 2,261
Self-citationMitochondrial dysfunction and type 2 diabetes
Lowell, B. B., & Shulman, G. I. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1104343 · Cited by 2,070
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Merrill, 1997, AICAR decreases malonyl-CoA and increases fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle of the rat, Am J Physiol, 273, E1107
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–145 of 145
Meng, Q., & Su, C.-H. (2025) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox14070815 · Cited by 6
Skeletal Muscle Adaptation to Exercise
McCarthy, J. J., & Esser, K. A. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-381510-1.00064-8 · Cited by 6
Yook, J.-S., & Cho, J. (2017) · Physical Activity and Nutrition · doi:10.20463/jenb.2017.0046 · Cited by 6
Ran, Q., Li, A., Yao, B., Xiang, C., Qu, C., Zhang, Y., He, X., & Chen, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2025.1523489 · Cited by 5
Manipulating Cellular Energetics to Slow Aging of Tissues and Organs
Соколов, С. С., & Severin, F. F. (2020) · Biochemistry (Moscow) · doi:10.1134/s0006297920060024 · Cited by 6
Волощук, О. М., Kopylchuk, H. P., Ursatyy, M. S., Kovalchuk, K. A., & Skorokhod, O. A. (2026) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox15010105 · Cited by 4
McDermott, L., Jadoon, A., & Cunningham, P. (2012) · Clinical Lipidology · doi:10.2217/clp.12.45 · Cited by 4
EMERGENCE OF BENZOTHIAZOLE AND ITS DERIVATIVES AS A POTENTIAL ANTIDIABETIC PROBE
Bainsal, N., Singh, J., & Thakur, A. (2020) · INDIAN DRUGS · doi:10.53879/id.57.07.12117 · Cited by 4
Lu, J., Hua, J., Meng, X., Cao, Y., Xie, M., Lin, L., & Song, H. (2025) · Food Bioscience · doi:10.1016/j.fbio.2025.107724 · Cited by 3
Lunde, N. N., Osoble, N. M. M., Dalmao‐Fernández, A., Antobreh, A. S., Jafari, A., Singh, S. K., Nyman, T. A., Rustan, A. C., Solberg, R., & Thoresen, G. H. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11112908 · Cited by 3
Discovery and validation of metabolite markers in bloodstains for bloodstain age estimation
Lee, S., Lee, Y., Lee, J., & Kang, H. (2023) · The Analyst · doi:10.1039/d3an00603d · Cited by 3
Wei, S., Song, Y., Li, Z., Liu, A., Xie, Y., Gao, S., Shi, H., Sun, P., Wang, Z., Jin, Y., et al. (2024) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00387.2023 · Cited by 3
Smith, C. D., Compton, R. A., Bowler, J. S., Kemp, J. T., Sudweeks, S. N., Thomson, D. M., & Winder, W. W. (2011) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00160.2011 · Cited by 3
Lin, S., Zhang, Y., Ye, P., Zhao, H., Yang, K., & Hao, G. (2024) · Journal of the American Nutrition Association · doi:10.1080/27697061.2024.2306516 · Cited by 2
AMPK Activation in Health and Disease
Sebhat, I. K., & Myers, R. W. (2012) · Annual reports in medicinal chemistry · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-396492-2.00010-2 · Cited by 2
Pradhan, S. P., Chakraborty, H. J., Gadnayak, A., Raut, S. S., Sarkar, D. J., Sharma, A., Mishra, D. C., Farooqi, M. S., Behera, B. K., & Das, B. K. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0320358 · Cited by 1
Li, D. F., Morita, K., Kokaji, T., Hatano, A., Hirayama, A., Soga, T., Suzuki, Y., Matsumoto, M., Tsuchiya, T., Ozaki, H., et al. (2026) · npj Systems Biology and Applications · doi:10.1038/s41540-026-00678-3 · Cited by 1
Markby, G. R., & Sakamoto, K. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822003-0.00019-x · Cited by 1
Molecular Review: Effects of Physical Exercise in Skeletal Muscle Glucose Uptake
Rahmi, . (2021) · Sumatera Medical Journal · doi:10.32734/sumej.v4i1.4785 · Cited by 1
Glucose and lipid metabolism in human skeletal muscle
Skrobuk, P. (2012) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja · Cited by 1
Mechanisms of hexosamine-induced cholesterol accumulation and therapeutic actions of chromium
Penque, B. A. (2014) · IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) · doi:10.7912/c2/2001
Rhodes, P. (2011) · Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham)
Boyle, K. E., & Friedman, J. E. (2011) · Fetal and Maternal Medicine Review · doi:10.1017/s0965539511000118
Zuo, X., Wu, P., Liu, X., Liu, L., Xu, Q., & Ji, A. (2012) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2012.07.028
Apró, W. (2014) · Diva portal (Dalarna University Library)
ACCUMULATION AND THERAPEUTIC ACTIONS OF CHROMIUM
Penque, B. A. (2013)
Metabolic efficiency in remodeled failing hearts
Masoud, W. G. T. (2015) · ERA: Education and Research Archive (University of Alberta) · doi:10.7939/r39s1ks1s
Zhao, L., Chen, P., Li, W., Li, L., Liu, Y., Zhang, J., Ji, C., & Ma, Q. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.04.09.033225
The Effects of Chromium on Skeletal Muscle Membrane/Cytoskeletal Parameters and Insulin Sensitivity
Hoffman, N. J. (2012) · IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) · doi:10.7912/c2/1996
Gu, C., He, G., & Lin, C. (2022) · Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte · doi:10.1590/1517-8692202228052022_127
Andrisse, S., & Fisher, J. S. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_264
Autophagy in Muscle Stem Cells
Li, S., Filippelli, R. L., Nam, A. J., & Chang, N. C. (2022) · Stem cell biology and regenerative medicine · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-17362-2_6
Nonglang, F. P., Roy, D., Newar, D., & Bhan, S. (2023) · GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.30574/gscbps.2023.23.1.0151
Exercise and Energy Metabolism in Cancer Research
Vulczak, A., & Alberici, L. C. (2024) · Interdisciplinary cancer research · doi:10.1007/16833_2024_228
Ngo, K. T. A. (2013) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/20e1b267z2d39z4486z8d2dz0bf20c86d076
A proteomic approach for understanding the metabolic adaptations in non-small cell lung cancer
Martín-Bernabé, A. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/426e7b40z057az4326z8cfez7da3a5c12c7e
Andrisse, S., & Fisher, J. S. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-05988-8_264
Li, Y., Lv, L., Jin, Y., Wang, Y., Li, Y., Wang, L., Zhang, M., Li, X., & Wu, L. (2026) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2026.744406
BindingDB (2014) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q2222w5p
Balance energético : controversias y nuevas observaciones
Gallego, A. S. (2015) · Hispana
Metadata
- Authors
- Hardie, D. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Dundee (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Hardie, D. Grahame
- ORCID
- Hardie, D. Grahame
- Venue
- Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2010-11-11
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 92-99
- ISSN
- 0029-6651 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-2719
- OpenAlex
- W2165667722
- Cited by
- 146
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 1.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of The Nutrition Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Pfizer
- AstraZeneca
- University of Dundee
- Merck KGaA
- Wellcome Trust (080982, 081195)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Keywords
- AMPK, energy sensing, skeletal muscle metabolism, endurance exercise, resistance training, GLUT4 translocation, glucose uptake, fatty acid oxidation, glycogen synthesis, glycogen synthase phosphorylation, mTOR signaling, mitochondrial biogenesis, AMP/ATP ratio, exercise adaptation
- MeSH terms
- Adenosine Monophosphate, Adenosine Triphosphate, Energy Metabolism, Glucose, Glycogen, Humans, Muscle Contraction, Muscle Proteins, Signal Transduction, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Lipid Metabolism, AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
