The DOI matches its Crossref record; 69 of the 70 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Impaired probabilistic reversal learning in youths with mood and anxiety disorders
Open accessAbstract
Background: From an affective neuroscience perspective, our understanding of psychiatric illness may be advanced by neuropsychological test paradigms probing emotional processes. Reversal learning is one such process, whereby subjects must first acquire stimulus/reward and stimulus/punishment associations through trial and error and then reverse them. We sought to determine the specificity of previously demonstrated reversal learning impairments in youths with bipolar disorder (BD) by now comparing BD youths to those with severe mood dysregulation (SMD), major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety (ANX), and healthy controls. Method: We administered the probabilistic response reversal (PRR) task to 165 pediatric participants aged 7–17 years with BD (n=35), SMD (n=35), ANX (n=42), MDD (n=18) and normal controls (NC; n=35). Our primary analysis compared PRR performance across all five groups matched for age, sex and IQ. Results: Compared to typically developing controls, probabilistic reversal learning was impaired in BD youths, with a trend in those with MDD (p=0.07). Conclusions: Our results suggest that reversal learning deficits are present in youths with BD and possibly those with MDD. Further work is necessary to elucidate the specificity of neural mechanisms underlying such behavioral deficits.
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“depressed humans show deficits in cognitive flexibility [9]”
From Dissociable effects of acute SSRI (escitalopram) on executive, learning and emotional functions in healthy humans (2018) · cites this paper as [9]
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Cites
KAUFMAN, J., BIRMAHER, B., BRENT, D., RAO, U., FLYNN, C., MORECI, P., WILLIAMSON, D., & RYAN, N. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199707000-00021 · Cited by 10,148 · cited 1×
“All participants were evaluated by graduate-level clinicians with high inter-rater reliability (k>0.75) using the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL) administered to parents and children separately (Kaufman et al. 1997).”
MethodInfluentialA Rating Scale for Mania: Reliability, Validity and Sensitivity
Young, R. C., Biggs, J. T., Ziegler, V. E., & Meyer, D. A. (1978) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.133.5.429 · Cited by 8,744 · cited 1×
“BD and SMD subjects completed the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS; Young et al. 1978).”
MethodAnxiety and cognitive performance: Attentional control theory
Eysenck, M. W., Derakshan, N., Santos, R., & Calvo, M. G. (2007) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.7.2.336 · Cited by 5,289 · cited 2×
“Nevertheless, previous studies have demonstrated that ANX subjects, including those with trait anxiety, have deficits in paradigms requiring goal-directed stimulus attention and task switching, such as the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST; Eysenck et al. 2007).”
BackgroundA Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS)
Shaffer, D. (1983) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790100074010 · Cited by 3,716 · cited 2×
“…2002) and/or a Children’s Depression Rating Scale (CDRS) score >39 (Poznanski et al. 1985) ; (2) a Children’s Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) score<60 (Shaffer et al. 1983) ; and (3) persistent anxiety and/ or depression (consistently elevated PARS and/or CDRS) during 3 weeks of supportive…”
BackgroundMethodDissociable Roles of Ventral and Dorsal Striatum in Instrumental Conditioning
O'Doherty, J., Dayan, P., Schultz, J., Deichmann, R., Friston, K., & Dolan, R. J. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1094285 · Cited by 2,088 · cited 4×
“…and adults after neurosurgical resection indicate that it is mediated by similar regions, including both the frontal cortex (dorsomedial, inferior and ventromedial) and the striatum (Blair et al. 2001 ; Cools et al. 2002, 2004 ; Clark et al. 2004 ; O’Doherty et al. 2004 ; Budhani et al. 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialFMRI visualization of brain activity during a monetary incentive delay task
Knutson, B., Westdorp, A., Kaiser, E., & Hommer, D. (2000) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2000.0593 · Cited by 1,414 · cited 2×
“2007) whereas the ventral striatum transforms concrete stimulus exemplar information into motor responses (Knutson et al. 2000 ; Cools et al. 2004).”
BackgroundInfluentialImpaired social response reversal: A case of `acquired sociopathy'
Blair, J. (2000) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/123.6.1122 · Cited by 905
Self-citationCools, R., Clark, L., Owen, A. M., & Robbins, T. W. (2002) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-11-04563.2002 · Cited by 784 · cited 2×
“…and adults after neurosurgical resection indicate that it is mediated by similar regions, including both the frontal cortex (dorsomedial, inferior and ventromedial) and the striatum (Blair et al. 2001 ; Cools et al. 2002, 2004 ; Clark et al. 2004 ; O’Doherty et al. 2004 ; Budhani et al. 2007).”
BackgroundDefining Clinical Phenotypes of Juvenile Mania
Leibenluft, E., Charney, D. S., Towbin, K. E., Bhangoo, R. K., & Pine, D. S. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.3.430 · Cited by 685 · cited 6×
“For the BD group, children with irritable mania only, without elevated or expansive mood, were excluded (Geller et al. 1998 ; Leibenluft et al. 2003).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationFunctional anatomical abnormalities in limbic and prefrontal cortical structures in major depression
Drevets, W. C. (2000) · Progress in Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(00)26027-5 · Cited by 659 · cited 1×
“Moreover, reversal learning is mediated by the same frontostriatal circuit implicated in BD, MDD and ANX (Drevets, 2000 ; Thomas et al. 2001 ; Blumberg et al. 2002 ; Monk et al. 2006 ; Krain et al. 2008 ; Pfeifer et al. 2008).”
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Research works printed but not linked: 1
- 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2003.tb00883.x · DOI
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Items 101–105 of 105
DMDD at the Nexus of Internalizing and Externalizing Disorders
Goldstein, S., & Richards, M. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-57398-9_1
Falck, J., Lindenberg, K., Schwarzer, G., Straube, B., & Shing, Y. L. (2024) · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/zu7pr
Bellaert, N., Cassioli, F., Crowley, M. J., Lim, Y. W., Rossignol, M., Deveney, C. M., & Tseng, W. (2026) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.70260
Benarous, X. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/7eca7dd2z5005z4ff3z95c1zbc829d12632d
Duda, J. M., Cannon, T. D., Paskewitz, S., Palmer, W. C., Suthaharan, P., Kenney, J. G., Corlett, P. R., & Joormann, J. (2026) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2026.100736 · Cited by 1
“Anxious arousal was associated with more choice switching after a safe outcome, consistent with past work showing higher switch rates in anxiety (26,61).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Dickstein, D. P., Finger, E. C., Brotman, M. A., Rich, B. A., Pine, D. S., Blair, J. R., & Leibenluft, E.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Mental Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dickstein, D. P.
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2009-10-12
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1089-1100
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- PMC
- PMC3000432
- OpenAlex
- W1965146231
- Cited by
- 105
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 3.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (K22 MH74945, Z01MH002778, K22MH074945)
- NHLBI Division of Intramural Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- probabilistic reversal learning, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, mood dysregulation, adolescents, affective neuroscience
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Female, Humans, Learning Disabilities, Male, Probability, Reversal Learning, Severity of Illness Index, Mood Disorders
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