The DOI matches its Crossref record; 59 of the 59 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Long working hours and symptoms of anxiety and depression: a 5-year follow-up of the Whitehall II study
Open accessAbstract
Background: Although long working hours are common in working populations, little is known about the effect of long working hours on mental health. Method: We examined the association between long working hours and the onset of depressive and anxiety symptoms in middle-aged employees. Participants were 2960 full-time employees aged 44 to 66 years (2248 men, 712 women) from the prospective Whitehall II cohort study of British civil servants. Working hours, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and covariates were measured at baseline (1997–1999) followed by two subsequent measurements of depressive and anxiety symptoms (2001 and 2002–2004). Results: In a prospective analysis of participants with no depressive (n=2549) or anxiety symptoms (n=2618) at baseline, Cox proportional hazard analysis adjusted for baseline covariates showed a 1.66-fold [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–2.61] risk of depressive symptoms and a 1.74-fold (95% CI 1.15–2.61) risk of anxiety symptoms among employees working more than 55 h/week compared with employees working 35–40 h/week. Sex-stratified analysis showed an excess risk of depression and anxiety associated with long working hours among women [hazard ratios (HRs) 2.67 (95% CI 1.07–6.68) and 2.84 (95% CI 1.27–6.34) respectively] but not men [1.30 (0.77–2.19) and 1.43 (0.89–2.30)]. Conclusions: Working long hours is a risk factor for the development of depressive and anxiety symptoms in women.
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Citations
Cites
Projections of Global Mortality and Burden of Disease from 2002 to 2030
Mathers, C. D., & Loncar, D. (2006) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030442 · Cited by 11,386 · cited 1×
“Common mental disorders, such as depression and anxiety disorders, are a growing cause of work disability and impaired quality of life among workingage populations (Thomas & Morris, 2003; Ormel et al. 2004 ; Mathers & Loncar, 2006).”
No health without mental health
Prince, M., Patel, V., Saxena, S., Maj, M., Maselko, J., Phillips, M. R., & Rahman, A. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61238-0 · Cited by 3,753
The detection of psychiatric illness by questionnaire
Levy, R. (1973) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(73)90039-1 · Cited by 2,708
Cohort Profile: The Whitehall II study
Marmot, M., & Brunner, E. (2005) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyh372 · Cited by 788
Self-citation(1997) · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1997.tb00656.x · Cited by 722
van der Hulst, M. (2003) · Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.720 · Cited by 614
Burnout and physical and mental health among Swedish healthcare workers
Peterson, U., Demerouti, E., Bergström, G., Samuelsson, M., Åsberg, M., & Nygren, Å. (2008) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04580.x · Cited by 570
Association Between Fear of Crime and Mental Health and Physical Functioning
Stafford, M., Chandola, T., & Marmot, M. (2007) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2006.097154 · Cited by 555
Self-citationHealth and safety problems associated with long working hours: a review of the current position
Spurgeon, A., Harrington, J. M., & Cooper, C. L. (1997) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oem.54.6.367 · Cited by 532 · cited 2×
“…Bastelaer, 2004) and it has been hypothesized that this might contribute to symptoms of anxiety and depression among employees (Sparks et al. 1997 ; Spurgeon et al. 1997 ; Shields, 1999 ; Park et al. 2001 ; Bildt & Michelsen, 2002 ; Michelsen & Bildt, 2003 ; van der Hulst, 2003 ; Caruso et al.…”
Ahola, K., Honkonen, T., Isometsä, E., Kalimo, R., Nykyri, E., Aromaa, A., & Lönnqvist, J. (2005) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2005.06.004 · Cited by 430
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Cited by
A systematic review including meta-analysis of work environment and depressive symptoms
Theorell, T., Hammarström, A., Aronsson, G., Träskman Bendz, L., Grape, T., Hogstedt, C., Marteinsdottir, I., Skoog, I., & Hall, C. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1954-4 · Cited by 982
(2014) · doi:10.5271/sjweh.3388 · Cited by 648
Wong, K., Chan, A. H. S., & Ngan, S. C. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16122102 · Cited by 427
Azevedo Da Silva, M., Singh-Manoux, A., Brunner, E. J., Kaffashian, S., Shipley, M. J., Kivimäki, M., & Nabi, H. (2012) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-012-9692-8 · Cited by 324
Self-citationLong Working Hours and Coronary Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Virtanen, M., Heikkila, K., Jokela, M., Ferrie, J. E., Batty, G. D., Vahtera, J., & Kivimaki, M. (2012) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kws139 · Cited by 288
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Metadata
- Authors
- Virtanen, M., Ferrie, J. E., Singh-Manoux, A., Shipley, M. J., Stansfeld, S. A., Marmot, M. G., Ahola, K., Vahtera, J., & Kivimäki, M.
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2011-02-18
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2485-2494
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- OpenAlex
- W2166677559
- Cited by
- 317
- References
- 59
- FWCI
- 26.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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