Cited by 345Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesMental Health Treatment and Access

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Preventing depression and anxiety in young people: a review of the joint efficacy of universal, selective and indicated prevention

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Stockings, E. A., Degenhardt, L., Dobbins, T., Lee, Y. Y., Erskine, H. E., Whiteford, H. A., Patton, G.·2016·Psychological Medicine

DOI 10.1017/s0033291715001725

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Abstract

Depression and anxiety (internalizing disorders) are the largest contributors to the non-fatal health burden among young people. This is the first meta-analysis to examine the joint efficacy of universal, selective, and indicated preventive interventions upon both depression and anxiety among children and adolescents (5–18 years) while accounting for their co-morbidity. We conducted a systematic review of reviews in Medline, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, from 1980 to August 2014. Multivariate meta-analysis examined the efficacy of preventive interventions on depression and anxiety outcomes separately, and the joint efficacy on both disorders combined. Meta-regressions examined heterogeneity of effect according to a range of study variables. Outcomes were relative risks (RR) for disorder, and standardized mean differences (Cohen's d ) for symptoms. One hundred and forty-six randomized controlled trials (46 072 participants) evaluated universal (children with no identified risk, n = 54) selective (population subgroups of children who have an increased risk of developing internalizing disorders due to shared risk factors, n = 45) and indicated prevention (children with minimal but detectable symptoms of an internalizing disorder, n = 47), mostly using psychological-only strategies ( n = 105). Reductions in internalizing disorder onset occurred up to 9 months post-intervention, whether universal [RR 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.37–0.60], selective (RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.43–0.85) or indicated (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.29–0.78). Reductions in internalizing symptoms occurred up to 12 months post-intervention for universal prevention; however, reductions only occurred in the shorter term for selective and indicated prevention. Universal, selective and indicated prevention interventions are efficacious in reducing internalizing disorders and symptoms in the short term. They might be considered as repeated exposures in school settings across childhood and adolescence. (PROSPERO registration: CRD42014013990.)

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Authors: Stockings, E. A., Degenhardt, L., Dobbins, T., Lee, Y. Y., Erskine, H. E., Whiteford, H. A., & Patton, G.
Affiliations: UNSW Sydney (AU)
University of Washington (US)
Australian National University (AU)
The University of Queensland (AU)
Royal Children's Hospital (AU)
Corresponding author: Stockings, E. A.
ORCID: Stockings, E. A.
Degenhardt, L.
Dobbins, T.
Lee, Y. Y.
Erskine, H. E.
Whiteford, H. A.
Patton, G.
Venue: Psychological Medicine
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 2015-08-28
Volume: 46
Issue: 1
Pages: 11-26
ISSN: 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
1469-8978
DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715001725
OpenAlex: W1864246873
Cited by: 345
References: 27
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 13
FWCI: 27.28
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified)
Locations: Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Deakin Research Online (Deakin University) (submittedVersion)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: Australian Government (APP1041472)
University of New South Wales
Medical Research Council
National Health and Medical Research Council (1041131, APP1041472, 1019887)
National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre (APP1041472)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords: depression prevention, anxiety prevention, internalizing disorders, universal prevention, selective prevention, indicated prevention, children and adolescents, comorbidities, psychological intervention, school-based intervention
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Child, Preschool, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Early Medical Intervention

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Preventing depression and anxiety in young people: a review of the joint efficacy of universal, selective and indicated prevention

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