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Cited by 360Personality Traits and PsychologyMental Health Research TopicsAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 149 of the 149 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Neuroticism's prospective association with mental disorders halves after adjustment for baseline symptoms and psychiatric history, but the adjusted association hardly decays with time: a meta-analysis on 59 longitudinal/prospective studies with 443 313 participants

Jeronimus, B. F., Kotov, R., Riese, H., Ormel, J.·2016·Psychological Medicine
DOI 10.1017/s0033291716001653
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: This meta-analysis seeks to quantify the prospective association between neuroticism and the common mental disorders (CMDs, including anxiety, depression, and substance abuse) as well as thought disorders (psychosis/schizophrenia) and non-specific mental distress. Data on the degree of confounding of the prospective association of neuroticism by baseline symptoms and psychiatric history, and the rate of decay of neuroticism's effect over time, can inform theories about the structure of psychopathology and role of neuroticism, in particular the vulnerability theory. METHOD: This meta-analysis included 59 longitudinal/prospective studies with 443 313 participants. RESULTS: The results showed large unadjusted prospective associations between neuroticism and symptoms/diagnosis of anxiety, depression, and non-specific mental distress (d = 0.50-0.70). Adjustment for baseline symptoms and psychiatric history reduced the associations by half (d = 0.10-0.40). Unadjusted prospective associations for substance abuse and thought disorders/symptoms were considerably weaker (d = 0.03-0.20), but were not attenuated by adjustment for baseline problems. Unadjusted prospective associations were four times larger over short (<4 year) than long (⩾4 years) follow-up intervals, suggesting a substantial decay of the association with increasing time intervals. Adjusted effects, however, were only slightly larger over short v. long time intervals. This indicates that confounding by baseline symptoms and psychiatric history masks the long-term stability of the neuroticism vulnerability effect. CONCLUSION: High neuroticism indexes a risk constellation that exists prior to the development and onset of any CMD. The adjusted prospective neuroticism effect remains robust and hardly decays with time. Our results underscore the need to focus on the mechanisms underlying this prospective association.

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. Clark, 1999, Handbook of Personality, 399
  2. Ormel, 2014, Why personality and psychopathology are correlated: a developmental perspective is a first step but more is needed, European Journal of Personality, 28, 396
  3. Laceulle, 2014, The structure of psychopathology in adolescence: replication of the P factor of general psychopathology in the TRAILS study, Personality and Individual Differences, 3, 850

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Metadata

Authors
Jeronimus, B. F., Kotov, R., Riese, H., & Ormel, J.
Affiliations
  • University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
  • Stony Brook University (US)
Corresponding author
Jeronimus, B. F.
ORCID
Venue
Psychological Medicine
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
2016-08-15
Volume
46
Issue
14
Pages
2883-2906
ISSN
  • 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-8978
DOI
10.1017/s0033291716001653
OpenAlex
W2515058491
Cited by
360
References
149
Citations by year
2026: 34 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 82 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 4
FWCI
3.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified)
Locations
  • Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords
neuroticism, common mental disorders, anxiety, depression, substance abuse, psychosis, schizophrenia, baseline symptoms, psychiatric history, confounding, vulnerability theory, prospective associations
MeSH terms
Neuroticism, Mental Disorders, Humans, Comorbidity, Disease Progression

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