The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Depression and pain: primary data and meta-analysis among 237,952 people across 47 low- and middle-income countries
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Depression and pain are leading causes of global disability. However, there is a paucity of multinational population data assessing the association between depression and pain, particularly among low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where both are common. Therefore, we investigated this association across 47 LMICs. METHODS: Community-based data on 273 952 individuals from 47 LMICs were analysed. Multivariable logistic and linear regression analyses were performed to assess the association between the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision depression/depression subtypes (over the past 12 months) and pain in the previous 30 days based on self-reported data. Country-wide meta-analysis adjusting for age and sex was also conducted. RESULTS: The prevalence of severe pain was 8.0, 28.2, 20.2, and 34.0% for no depression, subsyndromal depression, brief depressive episode, and depressive episode, respectively. Logistic regression adjusted for socio-demographic variables, anxiety and chronic medical conditions (arthritis, diabetes, angina, asthma) demonstrated that compared with no depression, subsyndromal depression, brief depressive episode, and depressive episode were associated with a 2.16 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.83-2.55], 1.45 (95% CI 1.22-1.73), and 2.11 (95% CI 1.87-2.39) increase in odds of severe pain, respectively. Similar results were obtained when a continuous pain scale was used as the outcome. Depression was significantly associated with severe pain in 44/47 countries with a pooled odds ratio of 3.93 (95% CI 3.54-4.37). CONCLUSION: Depression and severe pain are highly comorbid across LMICs, independent of anxiety and chronic medical conditions. Whether depression treatment or pain management in patients with comorbid pain and depression leads to better clinical outcome is an area for future research.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Chronic pain (CP) and mental illness (MI) are leading causes of years lived with disability and commonly co-occur.”
From The Effectiveness of Interventions for Improving Chronic Pain Symptoms Among People With Mental Illness: A Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [5]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Murray, C. J. L., Vos, T., Lozano, R., Naghavi, M., Flaxman, A. D., Michaud, C., Ezzati, M., Shibuya, K., Salomon, J. A., Abdalla, S., et al. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61689-4 · Cited by 8,888 · cited 2×
“A confirmed diagnosis of major depressive disorder accounts for 8.2% of the total worldwide years lived with disability (YLDs) (Ferrari et al. 2013).”
InfluentialSurvey of chronic pain in Europe: Prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment
Breivik, H., Collett, B., Ventafridda, V., Cohen, R., & Gallacher, D. (2006) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2005.06.009 · Cited by 5,486
Kessler, R. C., & Üstün, T. B. (2004) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.168 · Cited by 4,771
Depression, chronic diseases, and decrements in health: results from the World Health Surveys
Moussavi, S., Chatterji, S., Verdes, E., Tandon, A., Patel, V., & Ustun, B. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61415-9 · Cited by 4,070
Depression and Pain Comorbidity: A Literature Review
Bair, M. J., Robinson, R. L., Katon, W., & Kroenke, K. (2003) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.163.20.2433 · Cited by 3,463
Ferrari, A. J., Charlson, F. J., Norman, R. E., Patten, S. B., Freedman, G., Murray, C. J. L., Vos, T., & Whiteford, H. A. (2013) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001547 · Cited by 3,115
DE HERT, M., CORRELL, C. U., BOBES, J., CETKOVICH‐BAKMAS, M., COHEN, D., ASAI, I., DETRAUX, J., GAUTAM, S., MÖLLER, H., NDETEI, D. M., et al. (2011) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/j.2051-5545.2011.tb00014.x · Cited by 2,488
Exercise as a treatment for depression: a meta-analysis adjusting for publication bias
Schuch, F. B., Vancampfort, D., Richards, J., Rosenbaum, S., Ward, P. B., & Stubbs, B. (2016) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.02.023 · Cited by 1,529 · cited 1×
“Given that physical activity can improve inflammatory markers (Hamer et al. 2014), interventions increasing activity levels may improve pain symptoms (Uthman et al. 2013) and depression (Schuch et al. 2016a, b) and at a population level may be a particularly viable option in LMICs.”
BackgroundThe diagnosis of ischaemic heart pain and intermittent claudication in field surveys.
Rose, G. A. (1962) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 1,328
Tsang, A., Von Korff, M., Lee, S., Alonso, J., Karam, E., Angermeyer, M. C., Borges, G. L. G., Bromet, E. J., de Girolamo, G., de Graaf, R., et al. (2008) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2008.05.005 · Cited by 1,157
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Comorbid depression in medical diseases
Gold, S. M., Köhler‐Forsberg, O., Moss-Morris, R. E., Mehnert-Theuerkauf, A., Miranda, J. J., Bullinger, M., Steptoe, A., Whooley, M. A., & Otte, C. (2020) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-020-0200-2 · Cited by 583
Roughan, W. H., Campos, A. I., García‐Marín, L. M., Cuéllar-Partida, G., Lupton, M. K., Hickie, I. B., Medland, S. E., Wray, N. R., Byrne, E. M., Ngô, T. T., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.643609 · Cited by 174
Stubbs, B., Vancampfort, D., Firth, J., Schuch, F. B., Hallgren, M., Smith, L., Gardner, B., Kahl, K. G., Veronese, N., Solmi, M., et al. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.104 · Cited by 138
Depression Prevalence in Neuropathic Pain and Its Impact on the Quality of Life
Cherif, F., Zouari, H. G., Cherif, W., Hadded, M., Cheour, M., & Damak, R. (2020) · Pain Research and Management · doi:10.1155/2020/7408508 · Cited by 124
Ashdown‐Franks, G., Stubbs, B., Koyanagi, A., Schuch, F. B., Firth, J., Veronese, N., & Vancampfort, D. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.09.036 · Cited by 97
Metadata
- Authors
- Stubbs, B., Vancampfort, D., Veronese, N., Thompson, T., Fornaro, M., Schofield, P., Solmi, M., Mugisha, J., Carvalho, A. F., & Koyanagi, A.
- Affiliations
- National Health Service (GB)
- KU Leuven (BE)
- University of Padua (IT)
- University of Greenwich (GB)
- Columbia University (US)
- Anglia Ruskin University (GB)
- Butabika Hospital (UG)
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (BR)
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Stubbs, B.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2017-06-22
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 2906-2917
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- OpenAlex
- W2656747732
- Cited by
- 102
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4
- FWCI
- 1.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Greenwich Academic Literature Archive (University of Greenwich) (acceptedVersion)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Anglia Ruskin Research Online (Anglia Ruskin University) (submittedVersion)
- Nova Science Publishers (Nova Science Publishers, Inc.) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CP13/00150, PI15/00862)
- European Regional Development Fund
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Keywords
- depression, pain, comorbidities, low- and middle-income countries, subthreshold depression, depressive episodes, anxiety, chronic disease, global disability
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anxiety, Chronic Disease, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Developing Countries, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pain, Severity of Illness Index, Global Health, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
