The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 9 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is associated with beliefs on the origin of the novel coronavirus in the UK and Turkey
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Much research effort is focused on developing an effective vaccine for combatting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Vaccine development itself, however, will not be enough given that a sufficient amount of people will need to be vaccinated for widespread immunity. Vaccine hesitancy is on the rise, varies across countries, and is associated with conspiratorial worldview. Given the rise in COVID-19-related conspiracy theories, we aimed to examine the levels of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its association with beliefs on the origin of the novel coronavirus in a cross-cultural study. METHODS: = 3936), and gathered information on participants' willingness to vaccinate for a potential COVID-19 vaccine, beliefs on the origin of the novel coronavirus, and several behavioural and demographic predictors (such as anxiety, risk perception, government satisfaction levels) that influence vaccination and origin beliefs. RESULTS: In all, 31% of the participants in Turkey and 14% in the UK were unsure about getting themselves vaccinated for a COVID-19 vaccine. In both countries, 3% of the participants rejected to be vaccinated. Also, 54% of the participants in Turkey and 63% in the UK believed in the natural origin of the novel coronavirus. Believing in the natural origin significantly increased the odds of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. CONCLUSIONS: Our results point at a concerning level of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, especially in Turkey, and suggest that wider communication of the scientific consensus on the origin of the novel coronavirus with the public may help future campaigns targeting COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In a recent study, we showed that anxiety levels were positively associated with accepting a COVID-19 vaccination [26].”
From Adaptive function and correlates of anxiety during a pandemic (2021) · cites this paper as [26]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Haidt, J., McCauley, C., & Rozin, P. (1994) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(94)90212-7 · Cited by 1,632
The psychological roots of anti-vaccination attitudes: A 24-nation investigation.
Hornsey, M. J., Harris, E. A., & Fielding, K. S. (2018) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000586 · Cited by 852
Coronavirus conspiracy beliefs, mistrust, and compliance with government guidelines in England
Freeman, D., Waite, F., Rosebrock, L., Petit, A., Causier, C., East, A., Jenner, L., Teale, A.-L., Carr, L., Mulhall, S., et al. (2022) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291720001890 · Cited by 714
Natural selection and the regulation of defenses
Nesse, R. M. (2005) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2004.08.002 · Cited by 365
Mapping the anti-vaccination movement on Facebook
Smith, N., & Graham, T. (2019) · Information, Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2017.1418406 · Cited by 351
Calisher, C. H., Carroll, D., Colwell, R. R., Corley, R. B., Daszak, P., Drosten, C., Enjuanes, L., Farrar, J., Field, H. E., Golding, J., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30418-9 · Cited by 300
Vaccine rejection and hesitation in Turkey
Özceylan, G., Toprak, D., & Esen, E. S. (2020) · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/21645515.2020.1717182 · Cited by 122
Cognitive Obstacles to Pro-Vaccination Beliefs
Miton, H., & Mercier, H. (2015) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2015.08.007 · Cited by 120
What makes weird beliefs thrive? The epidemiology of pseudoscience
Boudry, M., Blancke, S., & Pigliucci, M. (2014) · Philosophical Psychology · doi:10.1080/09515089.2014.971946 · Cited by 72
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 10 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–413 of 413
Painless Vaccination from Microneedles to Nanotechnology
Charan, G. S., Sarin, J., Kaur, E., & Bharti, R. (2026) · Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences · doi:10.4103/amhs.amhs_86_25
Group psychology shapes health conspiracies and conspiracy mentality in three countries
Salalι, G. D., & Uysal, M. S. (2026) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-026-07069-3
Self-citationMani, L., Padmaningrum, D., Sazali, H., Larisu, Z., Hamali, S., & Wardani, A. (2026) · Media Asia · doi:10.1080/01296612.2026.2647513
Babińska, M., Soral, W., & Bilewicz, M. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-18151-0_11
COVID-19 Pandemisine Yönelik Komplo Teorilerinin Bireylerin Aşı Niyetine Etkisi
Balçık, S. M., Varol, E., & Taşbaş, E. H. O. (2026) · İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.17336/igusbd.1606645
Arham, A. F., Mustapa, M. M. A. C., Ibrahim, A. N. H., Hassan, W. Z. W., Amin, L., Muslim, N., Yaacob, M., Mahadi, Z., Rahman Puteh Noraihan, A., Keng, L. K., et al. (2026) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.181731.1
Gatti, F., Procentese, F., Compare, C., Albanesi, C., Rizzo, M., Fedi, A., Gattino, S., Aresi, G., & Rochira, A. (2026) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/13591053261460718
Jang, S., & Chang, H. I. (2026) · Journal of Asian and African Studies · doi:10.1177/00219096261480337
Sağlık İletişiminde Güncel Yaklaşımlar
Atalay, E., Altuğ, F., Kart, N., Sönmez, T., Erdī, G., Yalabuk, K., Akıngiray, M. Ö., Kaplan, Z., Erdem, İ., Demirel, G., et al. (2026) · Akademisyen Kitabevi eBooks · doi:10.37609/akya.4332
Could e-health literacy and vaccine literacy help reduce vaccine hesitancy?
Ağırman, P., & ASLAN, E. Ç. (2026) · Journal of Healthcare Management and Leadership · doi:10.35345/johmal.1908101
COVID-19 aşısı yaptıran bireylerde farkındalık düzeyi ve aşı tercihini etkileyen faktörler
Kaplan, G. Ö., Yıldırım, D. İ., & Uğraş, M. (2026) · Troia Medical Journal · doi:10.55665/troiamedj.1976292
Yıldırım, K., Çarkoğlu, A., Baruh, L., Kuru, O., & Cemalcılar, Z. (2026) · SN Social Sciences · doi:10.1007/s43545-026-01857-z
Rahmadani, S., Nurdiana, Palutturi, S., & Nazaruddin, B. (2026) · Hospital Management Studies Journal · doi:10.24252/hmsj.v7i1.64800
Metadata
- Authors
- Salali, G. D., & Uysal, M. S.
- Affiliations
- Dokuz Eylül University (TR)
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2020-10-18
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 3750-3752
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- PMC
- PMC7609204
- OpenAlex
- W3092934210
- Cited by
- 415
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 79 · 2022: 136 · 2021: 119 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 46.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Sussex Research Online (University of Sussex) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- British Academy
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Misinformation and Its Impacts
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Keywords
- COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, vaccine acceptance, conspiracy theories, cross-cultural comparison, United Kingdom, Turkey, risk perception, government satisfaction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review