Cited by 378Behavioral and Psychological StudiesAcademic and Historical Perspectives in PsychologyCategorization, perception, and language

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 116 of the 116 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

An operant analysis of problem solving

Skinner, B. F.·1984·Behavioral and Brain Sciences

DOI 10.1017/s0140525x00027412

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Behavior that solves a problem is distinguished by the fact that it changes another part of the solver's behavior and is strengthened when it does so. Problem solving typically involves the construction of discriminative stimuli. Verbal responses produce especially useful stimuli, because they affect other people. As a culture formulates maxims, laws, grammar, and science, its members behave more effectively without direct or prolonged contact with the contingencies thus formulated. The culture solves problems for its members, and does so by transmitting the verbal discriminative stimuli called rules. Induction, deduction, and the construction of models are ways of producing rules. Behavior that solves a problem may result from direct shaping by contingencies or from rules constructed either by the problem solver or by others. Because different controlling variables are involved, contingency-shaped behavior is never exactly like rule-governed behavior. The distinction must take account of (1) a system which establishes certain contingencies of reinforcement, such as some part of the natural environment, a piece of equipment, or a verbal community; (2) the behavior shaped and maintained by these contingencies; (3) rules, derived from the contingencies, which specify discriminative stimuli, responses, and consequences, and (4) the behavior occasioned by the rules.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1017/s0140525x00027412

Cites

116 of 116 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

A Treatise of Human Nature
Hume, D. A. (1739) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511620409.040 · Cited by 9,910
Science and Human Behavior
Kilzer, E., & Skinner, B. F. (1953) · The American Catholic Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/3707860 · Cited by 8,940
Self-citation
What Is It Like to Be a Bat?
Nagel, T. (1974) · The Philosophical Review · doi:10.2307/2183914 · Cited by 7,440
Toward a Psychology of Being
Maslow, A. H. (1962) · Rowman & Littlefield Publishers eBooks · doi:10.1037/10793-000 · Cited by 7,256
Human Problem Solving.
Axten, N., Newell, A., & Simon, H. A. (1973) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2063712 · Cited by 6,886
Controlled and automatic human information processing: I. Detection, search, and attention.
Schneider, W., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.1.1 · Cited by 5,902
Verbal behavior.
Skinner, B. F. (1957) · doi:10.1037/11256-000 · Cited by 5,759
Self-citation
The Language of Thought
Fodor, J. A. (1975) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,588
Human Inference: Strategies and Shortcomings of Social Judgment.
Cherniak, C., Nisbett, R. E., & Ross, L. D. (1983) · The Philosophical Review · doi:10.2307/2184495 · Cited by 4,196
On Becoming a Person: A Therapist's View of Psychotherapy
Rogers, C. R. (1961) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) · Cited by 3,997

Show all 116 references

Research works printed but not linked: 28

Einhorn, 1983, Diagnostic inference and causal judgment: A decision making framework
Dennett, 1978, Brainstorms
Seandura, 1977, Problem solving
Pelham G. F. (1982) The psychological writings of B. F. Skinner. Doctoral dissertation, University of Bradford, England. [RH]
Skinner, 1968, The technology of teaching
Dodwell, 1977, Criteria for a neuropsychological theory of perception, Cahiers de psychologic, 20, 175
Grossberg, 1983, Perception of speech and visual form: Theoretical issues, models, and research
Raaheim, 1961, Problem solving: A new approach, Acta Universitatis Bergensis, Series Humaniorum Litterarum, 5
Harris, 1980, Visual coding and adaptibility
Paige, 1966, Problem solving: Research, method, and theory
Adrian, 1928, The basis of sensations: The action of the sense organs
Bunge, 1968, Scientific research, vol. 2, The search for truth
Camerer C. F. (1981) The validity and utility of expert judgment. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Chicago. [RMH]
Fodor, 1981, Representations
Hunt E. & Pixton P. (1982) A general model for simulating information processing experiments. Proceedings of the 4th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, pp. 164–66. [EH]
Marr, 1982, Vision
Näätänen, 1980, Progress in brain research, vol. 54, Motivation, motor and sensory processes of the brain
Polanyi, 1960, Personal knowledge
Popper, 1963, Conjectives and refutations: The growth of scientific knowledge
Seandura, 1976, Structural learning, vol. 2, Issues and approaches
Skinner, 1966, The behavior of organisms
Skinner, 1974, About behaviorism
Skinner, 1983, A matter of consequences
Stinessen L. (1983) Intentionality, problem solving, and rule-governed behavior. Doctoral dissertation, University of Trondheim. [JGR]
Bacon, 1620, Novum organum
Seandura, 1982, Structural (cognitive task) analysis. I. Background and empirical research, Journal of Structural Learning, 7, 101
Einhorn, 1980, New directions for methodology of social and behavioral science: Fallible judgment in behavioral research, 4
Verplanck, 1962, Behavior and awareness

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 378

Rules as classes of verbal behavior: A reply to Glenn
Catania, A. C. (1989) · The Analysis of Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf03392835 · Cited by 22
Rule Governance: Basic Behavioral Research and Applied Implications
Hayes, S. C. (1993) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-8721.ep10769746 · Cited by 21
Resolução de problemas aritméticos: efeito de relações de equivalência entre três diferentes formas de apresentação dos problemas
Haydu, V. B., da Costa, L. P., & Pullin, E. M. M. P. (2006) · Psicologia Reflexão e Crítica · doi:10.1590/s0102-79722006000100007 · Cited by 21
Development and initial validation of the Generalized Tracking Questionnaire
Ruiz, F. J., Garcia-Martin, M., Suárez-Falcón, J. C., Bedoya-Valderrama, L., Segura‐Vargas, M. A., Peña-Vargas, A., Henao, Á. M., & Ávila-Campos, J. E. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0234393 · Cited by 20
Relationship between contingency awareness and human performance on random ratio and random interval schedules
Bradshaw, C., & Reed, P. (2012) · Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/j.lmot.2011.11.002 · Cited by 20
The Effects of Analyses of Contingencies on Clinically Relevant Behaviors and Out-of-session Changes in Functional Analytic Psychotherapy
Villas-Bôas, A., Meyer, S. B., & Kanter, J. W. (2016) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/s40732-016-0195-y · Cited by 19
Effects of a problem‐solving strategy on the independent completion of vocational tasks by adolescents with autism spectrum disorder
Lora, C. C., Kisamore, A. N., Reeve, K. F., & Townsend, D. B. (2019) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1002/jaba.558 · Cited by 19
Untitled work
(2004) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) · Cited by 19
On Having a Goal: Goals as Representations or Behavior
Ramnerö, J., & Törneke, N. (2014) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/s40732-014-0093-0 · Cited by 19
The use of analytic interventions in Functional Analytic Psychotherapy.
Villas-Bôas, A., Meyer, S. B., Kanter, J. W., & Callaghan, G. M. (2015) · Behavior Analysis Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/h0101065 · Cited by 18
Teaching Problem Explanations Using Instructive Feedback
Tullis, C. A., Frampton, S. E., Delfs, C. H., & Shillingsburg, M. A. (2016) · The Analysis of Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1007/s40616-016-0075-1 · Cited by 17
Exploring a Training IRAP as a single participant context for analyzing reversed derived relations and persistent rule‐following
Harte, C., Barnes‐Holmes, D., Moreira, M., de Almeida, J. H., Passarelli, D. A., & de Rose, J. C. C. (2021) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1002/jeab.671 · Cited by 17
A Developmental Analysis of Rule-Following
Riegler, H. C., & Baer, D. M. (1989) · Advances in child development and behavior · doi:10.1016/s0065-2407(08)60287-6 · Cited by 17
A Functional Contextual Account of Background Knowledge in Categorization: Implications for Artificial General Intelligence and Cognitive Accounts of General Knowledge
Edwards, D. J., McEnteggart, C., & Barnes‐Holmes, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.745306 · Cited by 21
Statistical inference in behavior analysis: Discussant’s remarks
Shull, R. L. (1999) · The Behavior Analyst · doi:10.1007/bf03391989 · Cited by 16
Exploring the impact of coherence (through the presence versus absence of feedback) and levels of derivation on persistent rule-following
Harte, C., Barnes-Holmes, D., Barnes-Holmes, Y., & McEnteggart, C. (2020) · Learning & Behavior · doi:10.3758/s13420-020-00438-1 · Cited by 15
Four dimensions of rules and their correspondence to rule-governed behavior: A taxonomy.
Peláez, M., & Moreno, R. (1999) · Behavioral Development · doi:10.1037/h0100528 · Cited by 16
A natureza comportamental da mente: behaviorismo radical e filosofia da mente
Zilio, D. (2010) · Editora UNESP eBooks · doi:10.7476/9788579830907 · Cited by 16
Behavior analysis of forgiveness in couples therapy.
Córdova, J. V., Cautilli, J. D., Simon, C., & Sabag, R. A. (2006) · International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy · doi:10.1037/h0100776 · Cited by 17
The Common Skills of Problem Solving: From Program Development to Engineering Design*
Kimmel, S. J., Kimmel, H., & Deek, F. P. (2003) · Cited by 16
Why Skinner Is Difficult
Moxley, R. A. (1998) · The Behavior Analyst · doi:10.1007/bf03392781 · Cited by 16
Teleology and Teleonomy in Behavior Analysis
Reese, H. W. (1994) · The Behavior Analyst · doi:10.1007/bf03392654 · Cited by 15
Human Factors Tools for Improving Simulation Activities in Continuing Medical Education
Seagull, F. J. (2012) · Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions · doi:10.1002/chp.21154 · Cited by 15
Relational Coherence and Persistent Rule-Following: The Impact of Targeting Coherence in a ‘Non-Critical’ Component of a Relational Network
Bern, R., Persdotter, T., Harte, C., & Barnes-Holmes, D. (2020) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/s40732-020-00414-1 · Cited by 14
Rule-Governed Behavior and Climate Change: Why Climate Warnings Fail to Motivate Sufficient Action
Pietras, C. J. (2022) · Behavior and Social Issues · doi:10.1007/s42822-022-00109-y · Cited by 17
on the futility of attempting to demonstrate null awareness
Merikle, P. M. (1994) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00035226 · Cited by 15
What Can We Learn by Treating Perspective Taking as Problem Solving?
Taylor, T., & Edwards, T. L. (2021) · Perspectives on Behavior Science · doi:10.1007/s40614-021-00307-w · Cited by 16
Treatment of Elopement Without Blocking With a Child With Autism
Boyle, M. A., Keenan, G. L., Forck, K. L., & Curtis, K. S. (2017) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445517740871 · Cited by 14
Reflexive Interaction
Matthies, D. J. C., Urban, B., Wolf, K., & Schmidt, A. (2019) · Australian Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (OzCHI) · doi:10.1145/3369457.3369478 · Cited by 14
Efecto del entrenamiento en reflexividad y la evaluación deequivalencia en la competencia entre relaciones arbitrarias yno arbitrarias en el paradigma equivalencia-equivalencia
Zayas, C. B., García, A. G., Gutiérrez, M. T., Bujedo, J. G., & Pérez, V. (2002) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Cited by 14
Contributions of contingencies in modern societies to “Privacy” in the behavioral relations of cognition and emotion
Tourinho, E. Z., Borba, A., Vichi, C., & Leite, F. L. (2011) · The Behavior Analyst · doi:10.1007/bf03392247 · Cited by 14
On the difference between verbal and nonverbal behavior
Catania, A. C. (1986) · The Analysis of Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf03392809 · Cited by 14
Operant Conditioning The Hiatus between Theory and Practice in Clinical Psychology
Lowe, C. F., Horne, P. J., & Higson, P. (1987) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0827-8_7 · Cited by 14
Strategies for using metaphor in psychological treatment
Törneke, N. (2020) · Metaphor and the Social World · doi:10.1075/msw.00004.tor · Cited by 13
A Conceptual Model of Treatment Adherence in a Behavior Analytic Framework
Moore, T. R., & Amado, R. S. (2021) · Education and Treatment of Children · doi:10.1007/s43494-020-00032-0 · Cited by 14
A functional analysis of psychological terms redux
Schlinger, H. D. (2013) · The Behavior Analyst · doi:10.1007/bf03392312 · Cited by 13
Awareness and abstraction are graded dimensions
Cleeremans, A. (1994) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00035111 · Cited by 13
Bridging the Schism Between Behavioral and Cognitive Analyses
Slocum, T. A., & Butterfield, E. C. (1994) · The Behavior Analyst · doi:10.1007/bf03392653 · Cited by 13
Applied behaviour analysis and intellectual disability: A long-term relationship?
Remington, B. (1998) · Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability · doi:10.1080/13668259800033631 · Cited by 13
Representation and Rule-Instantiation in Connectionist Systems
Hatfield, G. (1991) · Studies in cognitive systems · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-3524-5_5 · Cited by 13
Delivering Instructional Content–at any Distance–is not Teaching
Vargas, E. A. (2012) · Psychologia Latina · doi:10.5209/rev_psla.2012.v3.n1.38741 · Cited by 12
Human choices between variable and fixed rewards in hypothetical variable‐delay and double‐reward discounting procedures
McKerchar, T. L., & Mazur, J. (2016) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1002/jeab.214 · Cited by 13
A Relational Frame Theory Account of the Emergence of Sexual Fantasy
Stockwell, F. M. J., & Moran, D. J. (2013) · Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy · doi:10.1080/0092623x.2012.736921 · Cited by 12
Antecedents and Consequences of Words
Catania, A. C. (2006) · The Analysis of Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf03393030 · Cited by 12
Awareness inflated, evaluative conditioning underestimated
Baeyens, F., Houwer, J. D., & Eelen, P. (1994) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00035056 · Cited by 12
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy preceded by an experimental Attention Bias Modification procedure in recurrent depression: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Østergaard, T., Lundgren, T., Zettle, R., Jonassen, R., Harmer, C. J., Stiles, T. C., Landrø, N. I., & Haaland, V. Ø. (2018) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-018-2515-9 · Cited by 10
“Somewhat relatedly, Skinner’s distinction between contingencyshaped (ABM) and rule-governed behavior (ACT) [40] may also be useful in considering how ABM and ACT could work together.”
Laboratory Methods in Human Behavioral Ecology
Hackenberg, T. D. (1998) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1947-2_17 · Cited by 11
An Evaluation of Interventions to Facilitate Algebra Problem Solving
Mayfield, K. H., & Glenn, I. M. (2008) · Journal of Behavioral Education · doi:10.1007/s10864-008-9068-z · Cited by 11
The Effect of Problem-Solving Instruction on Computer Engineering Majors' Performance in Verilog Programming
Hung, Y.-C. (2008) · IEEE Transactions on Education · doi:10.1109/te.2007.906912 · Cited by 11
Dissociable definitions of consciousness
Dienes, Z. P., & Perner, J. (1994) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00035123 · Cited by 11
Teaching adults with developmental disabilities to problem solve using electronic flowcharts in a simulated vocational setting
Villante, N. K., Lerman, D. C., Som, S., & Hunt, J. C. (2020) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1002/jaba.786 · Cited by 10
UNA TAXONOMÍA PARA EL ANÁLISIS DE DESCRIPCIONES PRE Y POST CONTACTO CON ARREGLOS CONTINGENCIALES
Ortíz, G., González, A., & Rosas, M. (2008) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) · Cited by 10
Rule-governed behavior: An ongoing RFT-based operant analysis
Zapparoli, H. R., Marin, R., & Harte, C. (2021) · Perspectivas em Análise do Comportamento · doi:10.18761/pac.2021.v12.rft.09 · Cited by 8
EFECTO DEL CONTACTO CON INSTRUCCIONES, LA ESPECIFICIDAD E HISTORIA INSTRUCCIONAL EN LA INSENSIBILIDAD AL CAMBIO CONTINGENCIAL EN TAREAS DE IGUALACIÓN DE LA MUESTRA DE PRIMER ORDEN EN HUMANOS
Pineda, I. B., Ortega, V. P., Rueda, G. A. O., & Jáuregui, L. P. (2007) · Repositorio Institucional Universidad Católica de Colombia (Universidad Católica de Colombia) · Cited by 10
Religious song as a facilitator of prosocial behavior
Batara, J. B. L. (2015) · International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology · doi:10.5861/ijrsp.2015.1208 · Cited by 12
The “Silent Dog” Method: Analyzing the Impact of Self-Generated Rules When Teaching Different Computer Chains to Boys with Autism
Arntzen, E., Halstadtro, L., & Halstadtrø, M. (2009) · The Analysis of Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf03393069 · Cited by 10
Cognitive and Social Learning Theories
Foster, S. L., Kendall, P. C., & Guevremont, D. C. (1988) · Applied clinical psychology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0983-3_5 · Cited by 11
Teaching Individuals with Autism Problem-Solving Skills for Resolving Social Conflicts
Suarez, V. D., Najdowski, A. C., Tarbox, J., Moon, E. I., Clair, M. S., & Farag, P. (2021) · Behavior Analysis in Practice · doi:10.1007/s40617-021-00643-y · Cited by 9
The effects of note taking as a visual mediation strategy on the formation of equivalence classes
Frampton, S. E., Axe, J. B., & Miguel, C. F. (2023) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1002/jeab.844 · Cited by 9
Evolution of the violin: The law of effect in action.
Wasserman, E. A., & Cullen, P. J. (2015) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Learning and Cognition · doi:10.1037/xan0000086 · Cited by 9
Criteria for implicit learning: Deemphasize conscious access, emphasize amnesia
Seger, C. A. (1994) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00035329 · Cited by 9
Rule-governed behavior and human behavioral pharmacology: A brief commentary on an important topic
Poling, A. D., & LeSage, M. G. (1992) · The Analysis of Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf03392873 · Cited by 9
Variation and Selection: The Evolutionary Analogy and the Convergence of Cognitive and Behavioral Psychology
Morgan, D. L., Morgan, R. K., & Toth, J. M. (1992) · The Behavior Analyst · doi:10.1007/bf03392595 · Cited by 10
Theoretical and Epistemological Foundations of Integrating Digital Technologies in Education in the Second Half of the 20th Century
Dakich, E. (2014) · IFIP advances in information and communication technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-55119-2_10 · Cited by 11
Dissociable learning and memory systems of the brain
Squire, L. R., Hamann, S. B., & Knowlton, B. J. (1994) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00035330 · Cited by 9
Logic, Reasoning, and Verbal Behavior
Terrell, D. J., & Johnston, J. M. (1989) · The Behavior Analyst · doi:10.1007/bf03392475 · Cited by 9
Efectos de orden de presentación entre criterios de respuestas basados en relaciones de semejanza y de equivalencia-equivalencia
García-García, A., Bujedo, J. G., Fernández, V. J. P., Bohórquez, C., & Gutiérrez, M. T. (2003) · Acción Psicológica · doi:10.5944/ap.2.3.534 · Cited by 14
Expert conceptualizations of the domain of instructional design: An investigative study on the deep assessment methodology for complex problem-solving outcomes
Eseryel, D. (2006) · Syracuse University Libraries (Syracuse University) · Cited by 9
Skinner's Distinction between Rule‐Governed and Contingency‐shaped Behaviour
Place, U. T. (1988) · Philosophical Psychology · doi:10.1080/09515088808572941 · Cited by 9
Information structuring—a new way of perceiving the content of learning
Singer, F. M. (2001) · ZDM · doi:10.1007/bf02655672 · Cited by 9
How should implicit learning be characterized?
Shanks, D. R., & John, M. F. S. (1994) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x0003538x · Cited by 8
The Effects of Monitoring on Children’s Rule-Following in a Computerized Procedure
de Almeida, J. H., Cortez, M. D., & de Rose, J. C. C. (2020) · The Analysis of Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1007/s40616-020-00130-5 · Cited by 10
Controle instrucional e classes de estímulos equivalentes que incluem verbos e ações
Postalli, L. M. M., Nakachima, R. Y., Schmidt, A., & de Souza, D. D. G. (2013) · Psicologia Reflexão e Crítica · doi:10.1590/s0102-79722013000100015 · Cited by 8
Bridging theory and practice: A comparative analysis of integrative behavioral couple therapy and cognitive behavioral couple therapy
Chapman, A. L., & Dehle, C. M. (2002) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/s1077-7229(02)80008-6 · Cited by 8
Use of a Simulated Work Setting to Study Behavior-Based Safety
Johnston, M. R., & Hayes, L. J. (2005) · Journal of Organizational Behavior Management · doi:10.1300/j075v25n01_01 · Cited by 8
Psychologism reconsidered: A re-evaluation of the arguments of Frege and Husserl
Aach, J. (1990) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/bf00484796 · Cited by 8
Effects of coherence on speaker preference and rule-following
Bianchi, P. H., Perez, W. F., Harte, C., & Barnes-Holmes, D. (2021) · Perspectivas em Análise do Comportamento · doi:10.18761/pac.2021.v12.rft.07 · Cited by 8
A descriptive analysis of family discussions about everyday problems and decisions
Greene, D. M., & Bry, B. H. (1991) · The Analysis of Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf03392858 · Cited by 8
Back to the future: The continued relevance of behavior theory to modern behavior therapy
Plaud, J. J., & Vogeltanz, N. D. (1997) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(97)80088-3 · Cited by 8
Efecto de la precisión e historia instruccional en la insensibilidad al cambio contingencial an la tarea de igualación de la muestra de primer orden en humanos
de Guadalajara, U., Ortíz, G., de la Rosa, E., de Guadalajara, U., Pulido, E., de Guadalajara, U., Vélez, H., & de Guadalajara, U. (2008) · Acta comportamentalia. · doi:10.32870/ac.v16i2.18109 · Cited by 7
Since the operant chamber: Is behavior therapy still thinking in boxes?
Chorpita, B. F. (1997) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(97)80015-9 · Cited by 8
A step too far?
Berry, D. C. (1994) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00035068 · Cited by 8
Rule-governed behavior: Unifying radical and paradigmatic behaviorism
Burns, G. L., & Staats, A. W. (1991) · The Analysis of Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf03392867 · Cited by 8
Extending Equivalence Classes to Sentences and to Instructional Control
das Graças, D. S. D., Postalli, L. M. M., & Schmidt, A. (2013) · European Journal of Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1080/15021149.2013.11434449 · Cited by 5
Is translation the problem? Some reactions to Critchfield (2011)
Branch, M. N. (2011) · The Behavior Analyst · doi:10.1007/bf03392228 · Cited by 7
Animal Creativity as a Function of Behavioral Innovation and Behavior Flexibility in Problem-solving Situations
Santana, L. H., & García‐Mijares, M. (2021) · Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s12124-020-09586-5 · Cited by 8
Murray Sidman's contributions to clinical behavior analysis
Dougher, M. J. (2020) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1002/jeab.644 · Cited by 7
We Don’t Train in Vain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human and Canine Caregiver Training
Pfaller-Sadovsky, N., Medina, L. G., Dillenburger, K., & Hurtado‐Parrado, C. (2019) · Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science · doi:10.1080/10888705.2019.1646134 · Cited by 7
Verbal self-regulation of impulsive behavior of persons with frontal lobe brain injury
Arco, L., Cohen, L., & Geddes, K. (2004) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(04)80034-0 · Cited by 7
Equivalência de estímulos entre três formas de apresentação de problemas aritméticos: um estudo com adultos e idosos
Haydu, V. B., Lorencete, C. M., & Eccheli, S. D. (2015) · Temas em Psicologia · doi:10.9788/tp2015.1-04 · Cited by 6
Bringing Behavior-Analytic Theory to Eco-driving Research: Verbal Rules Mediate the Effectiveness of Feedback for Professional and Civilian Drivers
Newsome, D., Sanguinetti, A., & Alavosius, M. P. (2021) · Behavior and Social Issues · doi:10.1007/s42822-020-00045-9 · Cited by 6
Mutual exclusivity and exclusion: Converging evidence from two contrasting traditions
Huntley, K. R., & Ghezzi, P. M. (1993) · The Analysis of Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf03392888 · Cited by 6
Are subliminal mere exposure effects a form of implicit learning?
Bornstein, R. F. (1994) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x0003507x · Cited by 6
Improving Adolescent Social Competence in Peer Interactions Using Correspondence Training.
Ralph, A., Hogan, S. J., Hill, M., Perkins, E., Ryan, J., & Strong, L. L. (1998) · Education and Treatment of Children · Cited by 6
What manner of mind is this?
Reber, A. S., & Winter, B. (1994) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00035299 · Cited by 6
Comparing trial-and-error to errorless learning procedures in training pet dogs a visual discrimination
Handley, K. N., Hazel, S. J., Fountain, J., & Fernandez, E. J. (2023) · Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/j.lmot.2023.101944 · Cited by 5
Opportunities, Challenges, and Strategies for Integrating Generative Artificial Intelligence in Teaching and Learning in Higher Education
Radhwan, M. G. (2025) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-7332-3.ch007 · Cited by 6
A comparison of song‐lyric and prose self‐instruction procedures for increasing novel skills in children
Bloom, L. B., Kettering, T. L., & Walker, D. J. (2019) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1002/jaba.548 · Cited by 5
To Fail or Not to Fail? Implications of Extinction on Creativity and Problem-Solving Behavior
Rodrigues, R., & García‐Mijares, M. (2021) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/s40732-021-00482-x · Cited by 5
An intentional interpretive perspective
Neuman, P. (2004) · The Behavior Analyst · doi:10.1007/bf03392092 · Cited by 5

Authors: Skinner, B. F.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author: Skinner, B. F.
ORCID: Skinner, B. F.
Venue: Behavioral and Brain Sciences
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 1984-12
Volume: 7
Issue: 4
Pages: 583-591
ISSN: 0140-525X (ISSN-L)
1469-1825
DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00027412
OpenAlex: W2115103704
Cited by: 378
References: 116
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 5.03
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 9196 d)
Locations: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › General Psychology › Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Categorization, perception, and language
Keywords: problem solving, rule-governed behavior, discriminative stimulus, verbal behavior, induction and deduction, models

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

An operant analysis of problem solving

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks