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Cited by 286Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorSubstance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 589 of the 593 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Drugs as instruments: A new framework for non-addictive psychoactive drug use

Müller, Christian P., Schumann, Gunter·2011·Behavioral and Brain Sciences
DOI 10.1017/s0140525x11000057
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Abstract

Most people who are regular consumers of psychoactive drugs are not drug addicts, nor will they ever become addicts. In neurobiological theories, non-addictive drug consumption is acknowledged only as a “necessary” prerequisite for addiction, but not as a stable and widespread behavior in its own right. This target article proposes a new neurobiological framework theory for non-addictive psychoactive drug consumption, introducing the concept of “drug instrumentalization.” Psychoactive drugs are consumed for their effects on mental states. Humans are able to learn that mental states can be changed on purpose by drugs, in order to facilitate other, non-drug-related behaviors. We discuss specific “instrumentalization goals” and outline neurobiological mechanisms of how major classes of psychoactive drugs change mental states and serve non-drug-related behaviors. We argue that drug instrumentalization behavior may provide a functional adaptation to modern environments based on a historical selection for learning mechanisms that allow the dynamic modification of consummatory behavior. It is assumed that in order to effectively instrumentalize psychoactive drugs, the establishment of and retrieval from a drug memory is required. Here, we propose a new classification of different drug memory subtypes and discuss how they interact during drug instrumentalization learning and retrieval. Understanding the everyday utility and the learning mechanisms of non-addictive psychotropic drug use may help to prevent abuse and the transition to drug addiction in the future.

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Citations

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Research works printed but not linked: 18

  1. Lende, 2007, Evolutionary medicine and health: New perspectives, 277
  2. Amendt, 2003, No drugs no future
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  4. Grinspoon, 2005, Amphetamines, 19
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  6. Anderson, 2006, Alcohol in Europe
  7. 10.1037/0893-164X.14.3.243 · DOI
  8. Wise, 1994, Appetite: Neural and behavioural base, 234
  9. Maier, 1926, Der Kokainismus
  10. 10.1037/0022-006X.53.1.123 · DOI
  11. 2005, Smoking, drinking and drug use among young people in England 2005
  12. 10.1037/0022-006X.48.4.419 · DOI
  13. Negrete, 1993, Cannabis: Pathophysiology, epidemiology, detection, 105
  14. Kelley, 1990, Neuromethods 13 – Psychopharmacology, 95
  15. Seefelder, 1996, Opium. Eine Kulturgeschichte, 3 ed
  16. 10.1037/0021-843X.97.2.218 · DOI
  17. 10.1017/CBO9780511605932 · DOI
  18. Streatfeild, 2001, Cocaine. An unauthorized biography

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Metadata

Authors
Müller, C. P., & Schumann, G.
Affiliations
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE)
ORCID
Müller, Christian P.
Venue
Behavioral and Brain Sciences
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
2011-11-10
Volume
34
Issue
6
Pages
293-310
ISSN
  • 0140-525X (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-1825
DOI
10.1017/s0140525x11000057
OpenAlex
W2094928962
Cited by
286
References
593
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 10
FWCI
5.28
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified)
Locations
  • Behavioral and Brain Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders
National Institute for Health and Care Research
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords
drug addiction, drug memory, learning mechanisms, consummatory behavior, psychotropic drugs, addiction prevention
MeSH terms
Association Learning, Conditioning, Operant, Biological Evolution, Humans, Models, Psychological, Psychological Theory, Psychomotor Performance, Self Medication, Behavior, Addictive, Drug Users, Drug-Seeking Behavior

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