Rett Syndrome: Investigation of Nine Patients, including PET Scan
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Background: We describe nine females with Rett Syndrome (RS), aged 14 to 26 years. All had had developmental delay before the end of their first year and had subsequently regressed to profound dementia with apraxia, ataxia, irregular respirations and often also seizures. Methods: The Revised Gesell developmental assessment and Alpern-Boll Developmental Profile were used in modified form. Volumetric measurements of basal ganglia using MRI were compared with the findings in nine age-matched volunteer females. Positron emission scans with [18 F]-6-fluorodopa and [11 C]-raclopride were performed under light anesthesia with intravenous Propofol, and the findings were compared with those in healthy control girls. Bidirectional sequencing of the coding regions of the MECP2 gene was investigated in blood samples for mutational analyses. Results: The RS females functioned at a mental age level ranging from about 4 to 15 months. The scores correlated with height, weight and head circumference. Magnetic resonance scans of basal ganglia showed a significant reduction in the size of the caudate heads and thalami in the Rett cases. Positron emission scans demonstrated that the mean uptake of fluorodopa in RS was reduced by 13.1% in caudate and by 12.5% in putamen as compared to the controls, while dopamine D2 receptor binding was increased significantly by 9.7% in caudate and 9.6% in putamen. Mutations in the coding regions of the MECP2 gene were present in all nine patients. No significant correlation between type and location of mutation and volumetric changes or isotope uptake was demonstrable. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a mild presynaptic deficit of nigrostriatal activity in Rett syndrome.
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Molecular-imaging studies have indicated increased D2 receptor binding in the caudate and putamen, and in the striatum as a whole.
“Molecular-imaging studies have indicated increased D2 receptor binding in the caudate and putamen [704], and in the striatum as a whole [705].”
From Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings (2012) · cites this paper as [704]
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Research works printed but not linked: 6
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Sorted by citations
Dichter, G. S., Damiano, C. A., & Allen, J. A. (2012) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/1866-1955-4-19 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Wilkes, B. J., & Lewis, M. H. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.05.022 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
- Authors
- Dunn, H. G., Stoessl, A. J., Ho, H. H., MacLeod, P. M., Poskitt, K. J., Doudet, D. J., Schulzer, M., Blackstock, D., Dobko, T., Koop, B., & Amorim, G. V. D.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- University of Victoria (CA)
- Venue
- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2002-11
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 345-357
- ISSN
- 0317-1671 (ISSN-L)
- 2057-0155
- OpenAlex
- W2012104672
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 105
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- TRIUMF
- Vancouver Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Fetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders
- Keywords
- Rett syndrome, basal ganglia, caudate nucleus, thalamus, putamen, dopamine D2 receptor binding, nigrostriatal pathway, presynaptic dysfunction, developmental delay, intellectual disability
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Brain, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mutation, Radiography, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Rett Syndrome, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Cell Cycle Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, Checkpoint Kinase 2
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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