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Evaluation of Clostridium difficile in dogs and the household environment
Open accessAbstract
Clostridium difficile may be an emerging community-associated pathogen but little is known about its sources of exposure. This study evaluated C. difficile contamination in households and colonization of pets. C. difficile was isolated from 44/836 (5.3%) sites in 26/84 (31%) households. Ribotype 027 was the most common (25%) environmental strain. C. difficile was isolated from 14/139 (10%) dogs. Living with an immunocompromised individual was associated with C. difficile colonization in dogs. All toxigenic strains identified in pets have been isolated from humans in Ontario. C. difficile was isolated concurrently from dogs and the environment in four households, but in all cases canine and environmental ribotypes were different. C. difficile was relatively common in households, suggesting that exposure to this pathogen may be a regular event. There was no evidence that dogs are a significant source of household C. difficile contamination.
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Multidrug-resistant bacteria of public health importance have been found in people and companion animals.
“Multidrug-resistant bacteria of public health importance have been found in people and companion animals. 20,21”
From Reducing the risk of pet-associated zoonotic infections (2015) · cites this paper as [20]
The Results report that toxigenic C. difficile strains found in companion animals had also been isolated from humans in Ontario, and the Introduction identifies C. difficile as a cause of human disease. However, the paper does not describe those strains as multidrug-resistant; its Methods describe ribotyping and toxin testing, not resistance testing. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPets owned by people with compromised immune systems are more likely to be colonized with Clostridium difficile than those owned by people with competent immune systems.
“pets owned by people with compromised immune systems are more likely to be colonized with Clostridium difficile than those owned by people with competent immune systems. 20”
From Reducing the risk of pet-associated zoonotic infections (2015) · cites this paper as [20]
The Results report that dogs living with a self-identified immunocompromised person were 7.9 times as likely to shed C. difficile as other dogs. The claim extends that finding from dogs to pets generally; the reported comparison does not establish the same association for other pets. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Metadata
- Authors
- WEESE, J. S., FINLEY, R., REID-SMITH, R. R., JANECKO, N., & ROUSSEAU, J.
- Affiliations
- Ontario Veterinary College (CA)
- Public Health Agency of Canada (CA)
- University of Guelph (CA)
- Corresponding author
- WEESE, J. S.
- Venue
- Epidemiology and Infection
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2009-12-02
- Volume
- 138
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1100-1104
- ISSN
- 0950-2688 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-4409
- OpenAlex
- W2166800741
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 4.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Epidemiology and Infection (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Public Health Agency of Canada
- Public Health Agency
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infection Control in Healthcare
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Keywords
- Clostridium difficile, dogs, household environment, environmental contamination, ribotype 027, immunocompromised patients, community-associated infections, zoonotic transmission, toxigenic strains, Ontario
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bacterial Toxins, Carrier State, Disease Reservoirs, Dogs, Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous, Environmental Microbiology, Feces, Female, Male, Zoonoses, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Clostridioides difficile
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