Gastrointestinal disease outbreaks in cycling events: Are preventive measures effective?
Open accessAbstract
In 2009, following a bike race, a gastrointestinal illness outbreak affected many participants. A cohort study showed an attack rate of 16·3% with the main risk factor being mud splashes to the face. Considering these findings, in 2010 recommendations to participants in the bike race were issued and environmental control measures were implemented. In 2010, a retrospective cohort study using web-based questionnaires was conducted to measure the use of preventive measures and to assess risk factors associated with gastrointestinal illness. A 69% response rate was achieved and 11721 records analysed, with 572 (attack rate 4·9%) matching the case definition, i.e. participants reporting diarrhoea within 10 days of race. There was a clear increase in the use of mudguards (96·7% reported access to/receiving information on preventive measures) and a significant decrease in gastrointestinal illness. This may indicate that the measures have been effective and should be considered, both in terms of environmental control measures as well as individual measures.
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A high incidence of GI disorders during physical exercise can be observed among long-distance runners, duathletes and triathletes, cyclists, and athletes who participate in other sports modalities of long duration.
“A high incidence of GI disorders during physical exercise can be observed among long-distance runners [30], duathletes and triathletes [24], cyclists [33,37], and athletes who participate in other sports modalities of long duration [5,25].”
From Nutrition-Related Adverse Outcomes in Endurance Sports Competitions: A Review of Incidence and Practical Recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as [33]
Between 30 and 90% of endurance and ultra-endurance runners may suffer one or more GI problem(s) that affect their performance and may determine whether or not they finish the competition.
“Between 30 and 90% of such athletes may suffer one or more GI problem(s) [23,33] that affect(s) their performance and, therefore, may determine whether or not the athletes finish the competition [23].”
From Nutrition-Related Adverse Outcomes in Endurance Sports Competitions: A Review of Incidence and Practical Recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as [33]
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Cites
Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 Infection Associated with a Music Festival
CHEASTY, T., Stuart, J., Crampin, M., et al. (1999) · European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1007/s100960050278 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Campylobacteriosis outbreak associated with ingestion of mud during a mountain bike race
Stuart, T. L., Sandhu, J., STIRLING, R., CORDER, J., Ellis, A., MISA, P., Goh, S. H., Wong, B., Martiquet, P., Hoang, L., et al. (2010) · Epidemiology and Infection · doi:10.1017/s095026881000049x · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Using the internet for rapid investigation of an outbreak of diarrhoeal illness in mountain bikers
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Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Kapperud G, et al. Two outbreaks of campylobacteriosis after bicycle races -are mud splashes the source ? [in Norwegian]. MSIS-Rapport. Meldigssystem for Smittsomme Sykdommer 2000 ; 28 :08 : 1.
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Knowledge gaps in control of <i>Campylobacter</i> for prevention of campylobacteriosis
Hansson, I., Sandberg, M., Habib, I., Lowman, R., & Engvall, E. O. (2018) · Transboundary and Emerging Diseases · doi:10.1111/tbed.12870 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Martínez-Sanz, J. M., Fernández Nuñez, A., Sospedra, I., Martínez-Rodríguez, A., Domínguez, R., González-Jurado, J. A., & Sánchez-Oliver, A. J. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17114082 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
- Authors
- MEXIA, R., VOLD, L., HEIER, B. T., & NYGÅRD, K.
- Affiliations
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NO)
- Venue
- Epidemiology and Infection
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2012-05-16
- Volume
- 141
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 517-523
- ISSN
- 0950-2688 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-4409
- PMC
- PMC9151891
- OpenAlex
- W2103383534
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 0.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Epidemiology and Infection (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Travel-related health issues
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Keywords
- gastrointestinal diseases, diarrhea, cycling events, outbreak prevention, environmental control measures, preventive measures, attack rate, risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Bicycling, Diarrhea, Disease Outbreaks, Environmental Exposure, Escherichia coli, Female, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Male, Middle Aged, Norway, Surveys and Questionnaires, Retrospective Studies, Soil Microbiology, Information Seeking Behavior
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