Serological comparison of antibodies to avian influenza viruses, subtypes H5N2, H6N1, H7N3 and H7N9 between poultry workers and non-poultry workers in Taiwan in 2012
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SUMMARY: In Taiwan, avian influenza virus (AIV) subtypes H5N2, H6N1 and H7N3 have been identified in domestic poultry, and several strains of these subtypes have become endemic in poultry. To evaluate the potential of avian-to-human transmission due to occupational exposure, an exploratory analysis of AIV antibody status in poultry workers was conducted. We enrolled 670 poultry workers, including 335 live poultry vendors (LPVs), 335 poultry farmers (PFs), and 577 non-poultry workers (NPWs). Serum antibody titres against various subtypes of viruses were analysed and compared. The overall seropositivity rates in LPVs and PFs were 2·99% (10/335) and 1·79% (6/335), respectively, against H5N2; and 0·6% (2/335) and 1·19% (4/335), respectively, for H7N3 virus. Of NPWs, 0·35% (2/577) and 0·17% (1/577) were seropositive for H5N2 and H7N3, respectively. Geographical analysis revealed that poultry workers whose workplaces were near locations where H5N2 outbreaks in poultry have been reported face greater risks of being exposed to viruses that result in elevated H5N2 antibody titres. H6N1 antibodies were detected in only one PF, and no H7N9 antibodies were found in the study subjects. Subclinical infections caused by H5N2, H6N1 and H7N3 viruses were thus identified in poultry workers in Taiwan. Occupational exposure is associated with a high risk of AIV infection, and the seroprevalence of particular avian influenza strains in humans reflects the endemic strains in poultry in this region.
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Given the rarity of H9, H6 and H10 human infections, the binding antibodies likely represent heterosubtypic immunity elicited by vaccination or exposure to other influenza A subtypes.
“Given the rarity of H9, H6 and H10 human infections23–25 it is likely the binding antibodies represent heterosubtypic immunity elicited by vaccination or exposure to other influenza A subtypes.”
From Clade 2.3.4.4b but not historical clade 1 HA replicating RNA vaccine protects against bovine H5N1 challenge in mice (2025) · cites this paper as [25]
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Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Nicholson KG, Wood JM, Zambon M. Influenza. Lancet 2003; 362: 1733-1745.
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Hawman, D. W., Tipih, T., Hodge, E., Stone, E. T., Warner, N., McCarthy, N., Granger, B., Meade-White, K., Leventhal, S., Hatzakis, K., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-55546-7 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
- Authors
- HUANG, S. Y., YANG, J. R., LIN, Y. J., YANG, C. H., CHENG, M. C., LIU, M. T., WU, H. S., & CHANG, F. Y.
- Affiliations
- Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (TW)
- Animal Health Research Institute (TW)
- Tri-Service General Hospital (TW)
- Corresponding author
- WU, H. S.
- CHANG, F. Y.
- Venue
- Epidemiology and Infection
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2015-03-12
- Volume
- 143
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 2965-2974
- ISSN
- 0950-2688 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-4409
- PMC
- PMC9151060
- OpenAlex
- W2155946542
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2023: 12 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 2.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Epidemiology and Infection (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Virology and Viral Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Keywords
- avian influenza, H5N2, H6N1, H7N3, H7N9, poultry workers, occupational exposure, seroprevalence, poultry farmers, avian-to-human transmission, asymptomatic infection, Taiwan
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Animals, Animal Husbandry, Antibodies, Viral, Female, Humans, Influenza, Human, Male, Middle Aged, Influenza A virus, Poultry, Taiwan, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Occupational Exposure, Young Adult
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