Cited by 126Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentFamily Dynamics and Relationships

Postpartum depression and child development: an investigation of mothers and fathers as sources of risk and resilience

Carro, Michelle G., Grant, Kathryn E., Gotlib, Ian H., Compas, Bruce E.·1993·Development and Psychopathology

Abstract

We examined maternal and paternal characteristics at 1 month postpartum as risk and protective factors for children's internalizing and externalizing problems at 2–3 years of age. In a sample of 70 couples and their children, fathers' depressive symptoms at 1 month postpartum predicted children's internalizing and externalizing problems at 2–3 years of age, and the interaction of fathers' and mothers' depressive symptoms predicted subsequent internalizing problems. Mothers' postpartum symptoms did not predict either type of children's behavior problems at age 2–3. When entered in the regression equations, mothers' depressive symptoms when the children were age 2–3 years accounted for all of the effects of paternal and maternal postpartum depressive symptoms. No evidence was found for the protective effects of marital satisfaction or social support, or for low levels of depressive symptoms in a spouse. We highlight directions for future risk and resilience research related to parental postpartum depression.

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Crossref · 10.1017/s0954579400006167

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Authors
Carro, M. G., Grant, K. E., Gotlib, I. H., & Compas, B. E.
Affiliations
  • University of Vermont (US)
  • Northwestern University (US)
Corresponding author
  • Gotlib, Ian H.
  • Compas, Bruce E.
Venue
Development and Psychopathology
Published
1993
Volume
5
Issue
4
Pages
567-579
ISSN
  • 0954-5794 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-2198
OpenAlex
W2148600441
Cited by
126
References
50
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
FWCI
1.54
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Development and Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
Keywords
postpartum depression, child development, paternal depressive symptoms, maternal depressive symptoms, internalizing problems, externalizing problems, risk and protective factors, resilience, marital satisfaction, social support, early childhood behavior problems, parents

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